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Spanish Around theHousehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0071469478This page intentionally left blank.José M. Díaz and María F. NadelThe Quick Guide to Communicating with Your Spanish-Speaking EmployeesSpanish Around theHousehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0071469478Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-146947-8 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-144437-8. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. 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DOI: 10.1036/0071469478http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0071469478������������Want to learn more?We hope you enjoy this McGraw-Hill eBook! If you’d like more information about this book, its author, or related books and websites, please click here.http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0071469478ContentsIntroduction xvHow to Use This Book xv1 Job Application and InterviewSolicitud de empleo y entrevista 1Interviewing Prospective EmployeesPara entrevistar a un futuro empleado 1Interview QuestionsPreguntas para la entrevista 2Greetings and Polite ExchangesSaludos e intercambios de cortesía 152 The FamilyLa familia 21RelativesLos parientes 21Describing a Person PhysicallyPara describir a una persona físicamente 23Describing a Person’s Personality and IntelligencePara describir la personalidad y la inteligencia de una persona 24Describing a Person’s Emotions and FeelingsPara describir las emociones y los sentimientos de una persona 25vFor more information about this title, click herehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0071469478Describing a Person’s ReligionPara describir la religión de una persona 26Describing a Person’s NationalityPara describir la nacionalidad de una persona 263 The HouseLa casa 29Parts of the HouseLas partes de la casa 29Electrical DevicesLos aparatos eléctricos 31In the Living RoomEn la sala 31In the BedroomEn el dormitorio/el cuarto de dormir 32In the BathroomEn el baño 33In the Home OfficeEn la oficina en casa 34Chores and Cleaning the HouseLos quehaceres y la limpieza de la casa 37In the Laundry Room/LaundromatEn la lavandería 39At the Dry CleanersEn la tintorería 42Mending ClothesPara remendar la ropa 42In an Apartment BuildingEn un edificio de apartamentos 43vi Contents4 In the KitchenEn la cocina 45Electrical Appliances in the KitchenLos aparatos eléctricos en la cocina 45Containers and UtensilsLos envases y los utensilios 46MealsLas comidas 47BreakfastEl desayuno 48MeatsLas carnes 49PoultryLas aves de corral 50ShellfishLos mariscos 50FishLos pescados 50FruitsLas frutas 51VegetablesLos vegetales 52GrainsLos granos 53Spices and IngredientsLas especias y los ingredientes 53DrinksLas bebidas 54RecipesLas recetas 56In the Dining RoomEn el comedor 59Contents viiTo Express Your Opinion About FoodPara expresar su opinión sobre la comida 605 In the Garden and on the PatioEn el jardín y en el patio 63Flowers and PlantsLas flores y las plantas 63TreesLos árboles 64Taking Care of the GardenEl cuidado del jardín 65Taking Care of the PoolEl cuidado de la piscina 68PetsLos animales domésticos 69Parts of an Animal’s BodyLas partes del cuerpo de un animal 69Caring for PetsEl cuidado de los animales domésticos 70Farm AnimalsLos animales en la finca 726 Fixing the HousePara reparar la casa 73TradesLos oficios 73Explaining ProblemsPara explicar los problemas 74Finalizing the ContractPara finalizar el contrato 76The ElectricianEl/la electricista 77viii ContentsThe PlumberEl plomero/la plomera 78The PainterEl pintor/la pintora 78The CarpenterEl carpintero/la carpintera 79Construction MaterialsLos materiales de construcción 81Measurements, Size, and WeightLas medidas, el tamaño, y el peso 827 Places Around TownLos lugares en el pueblo 83Around the NeighborhoodPor el barrio 83Traffic SignsLas señales de tráfico 86Getting Around TownPara ir de un lugar a otro 86At the BankEn el banco 88At the Post OfficeEn la oficina de correos 89In the Barbershop/Beauty SalonEn la barbería/la peluquería 908 At the Service/Gas StationEn el taller de reparaciones/la gasolinera 93Types of VehiclesTipos de vehículos 93The Car (Inside and Out)El coche/el carro (por dentro y por fuera) 94Contents ixAt the Gas StationEn la gasolinera 96Things to Do at the Service/Gas StationLo que se hace en el taller de reparaciones/la gasolinera 96Check-Ups and Repairs of the CarEl mantenimiento y arreglo del coche 989 ShoppingDe compras 101TransactionsLas transacciones 101Shopping VocabularyVocabulario para hacer las compras 103At the Grocery StoreEn la tienda de comestibles 105At the Pharmacy/DrugstoreEn la farmacia 10710 ClothingLa ropa 111Articles of ClothingLas prendas de vestir 111Clothing AccessoriesLos complementos para la ropa 113Parts of GarmentsLas partes de lasprendas de vestir 114Shopping for ClothesPara comprar ropa 115JewelryLas joyas 118x Contents11 Family Health and Well-BeingLa salud y el bienestar de la familia 121At the Doctor’s OfficeEn el consultorio del médico 121Parts of the BodyLas partes del cuerpo 123SymptomsLos síntomas 124IllnessesLas enfermedades 125RecommendationsLas recomendaciones 126Giving Medication to ChildrenPara darles medicina a los niños 127AccidentsLos accidentes 128Medical Equipment and DevicesLos aparatos médicos 129In an EmergencyEn una emergencia 130At the Dentist’s OfficeEn el consultorio del dentista 131Eye CareEl cuidado de los ojos 13212 Taking Care of the ChildrenEl cuidado de los niños 133In the Children’s BedroomEn el dormitorio de los niños 133Toys and PlaythingsLos juguetes y otras cosas para jugar 134Children’s Likes and DislikesLo que les gusta o no les gusta a los niños 135Contents xiRules of Behavior for ChildrenLas reglas de comportamiento para los niños 136Daily RoutineLa rutina diaria 136Other ObligationsOtras obligaciones 137Dangers Around the HouseLos peligros en la casa 140Talking About SchoolPara hablar sobre la escuela 14113 Social and Cultural ActivitiesLas actividades sociales y culturales 145Family Celebrations/PartiesLas celebraciones familiares/las fiestas 145National and Religious HolidaysLas fiestas nacionales y religiosas 146Renting VideosPara alquilar vídeos 147At the MuseumEn el museo 148Sports and ExerciseLos deportes y el ejercicio 149Talking About the WeatherPara hablar del tiempo 15214 NumbersLos números 155Cardinal NumbersLos números cardinales 155FractionsLas fracciones 157Ordinal NumbersLos números ordinales 158xii ContentsDays and DatesLos días y las fechas 159TimeLa hora 160Appendix A: The Sounds of Spanish 165Pronouncing Spanish Vowels 165Pronouncing Spanish Diphthongs 166Pronouncing Spanish Consonants 168General Guidelines for Speaking Spanish 172Linking Groups of Spanish Words 173Division of Words into Syllables 174Appendix B: Grammar Essentials 177Nouns and Articles 177Adjectives 178Possessive Adjectives 179Demonstrative Adjectives 180Adverbs 181Subject Pronouns 181Verbs 182Asking Questions 200Negative Sentences 201Appendix C: Dictionary 203English-Spanish 203Spanish-English 238Index 273Contents xiiiThis page intentionally left blank.IntroductionSpanish Around the House is a comprehensive, easy-to-follow book thatoffers the essential tools for communicating with Spanish-speaking per-sonnel and/or employees. The authors have selected some occupations inwhich you will most likely encounter Spanish speakers and have created abook that will help you communicate with these workers and deal withdifferent aspects of their employment. Any attempt you make to commu-nicate in Spanish will help you to establish a good working relationshipwith these workers by demonstrating respect and appreciation of their cul-ture. At the same time, it will be a satisfactory experience for you to usethis book as a point of departure to increase your knowledge of the Span-ish language. As your ability to understand the workers improves, you canalso use your knowledge to help them improve their knowledge of English.The Spanish used in this book is standard Spanish that can be under-stood by any native speaker of the language. It would be impossible tocover all the regionalisms found in the Spanish-speaking countries, butonce you become familiar with the vocabulary that appears in this book,you will be able to add to the basics and learn new expressions from theSpanish speakers you encounter. The phonetic pronunciation for the Span-ish terms are included.The book is divided into fourteen chapters. Each chapter includes listsof useful vocabulary that are grouped thematically when possible.How to Use This BookYou can use this book with very little (or no) preparation. There is noth-ing in particular you need to know in order to use any given chapter. YouxvCopyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. can choose a topic that interests you, or you can begin with Chapter 1 andgo on from there. And, of course, you can do one or the other dependingon your needs at any given time.As we were trying to come up with some guidelines for using this book,we realized that how you use it depends on the reason you are using it andwhat is going on at any given moment in the life of your family or busi-ness. This will greatly affect where you begin and what chapters you con-centrate on. If, for example, you have household help, you might start withChapters 3 and 4. If your children have a Spanish-speaking caretaker, youmight begin with Chapter 12. Are there Spanish-speaking employees atyour place of business or in the places where you participate in social activ-ities? In that case, you might turn your attention to Chapters 1 and 13.VocabularyBuilding a large store of words is important for spoken language. Thisbook is full of everyday words, phrases, and expressions and provides anopportunity to learn words and sentences without worrying about gram-mar. Each chapter includes lists of useful vocabulary related to the themeof the chapter. We have attempted to use the most generic word, but itwould be virtually impossible to cover all the regionalisms found inSpanish-speaking countries. Generally, we have chosen a word that is com-monly used in America. As you read through a section, it is not neces-sary to learn all the words presented, but obviously the more vocabularyyou commit to memory, the more confident and fluent your Spanish willbe. Some things that will help you are:1. You may want to create your own personalized vocabulary by writ-ing down the words you find most useful and practicing them out loud reg-ularly. If you decide to create personalized lists, it is a good idea to keepseparate lists for nouns, adjectives, and verbs. These lists could be furtherseparated into:Nouns: feminine/masculineVerbs: ending in -ar, -er, or -irDoing this will not only help you to remember the words, it will helpyou to use them.xvi Introduction2. You should make it a point to practice and expand what you arelearning with the Spanish speakers you encounter. They will also be a valu-able source of regionalisms from their country of origin.3. The English-Spanish/Spanish-English dictionary in Appendix C ofthis book focuses on the Spanish used at home or in home-related activi-ties. Use it for quick reference to answer the questions: “How do you saythat in Spanish?” or “How do you say that in English?” (¿Cómo se dice enespañol? [koh-moh seh dee-seh ehn ehs-pah-nyohl] ¿Cómo se dice eninglés? [koh-moh seh dee-seh ehn een-glehs]). Note that the thematicvocabulary lists in individual chapters of this book are more detailed andspecific than the dictionary vocabulary presented in Appendix C.GrammarThis is not a grammar book, but throughout the book comments aboutSpanish grammar and notes refer you to the grammar presentations inAppendix B, “Grammar Essentials.” Studying these sections will allow youto deepen your knowledge of a given grammar point.It is not necessary to become confident with all the topics discussed inAppendix B before turning back to the main text. It is up to you to decidehow thoroughly you want to cover a given topic.If, however, you are interested in learning more about Spanish gram-mar, you can use Appendix B for a more thorough study. Going throughthis appendix in detail will allow you to learn the basics without turningto another textbook.When using the grammar section, make sure to read the examples care-fully. Not only do they illustrate the grammar point, they also show youthe differences between English and Spanish,which very often do not allowword-for-word translation of sentences.PronunciationIn addition to knowing the sounds of the letters in Spanish, you needsome knowledge of stress and intonation in order to acquire authenticpronunciation. These aspects are covered in Appendix A, “The Sounds ofSpanish.” This appendix is geared to beginners and will help you movetoward authentic pronunciation.Introduction xviiTo further ease communication, we have included the phonetic pro-nunciation of every Spanish word and phrase used in the book. Thestressed syllable appears in bold-face type.Don’t forget that your best source for pronunciation is the Spanishspeaker with whom you are communicating. Don’t hesitate to ask him orher to pronounce any word or phrase you need. Spanish speakers are alwayswilling to help those who try to communicate with them in Spanish. Lis-ten and imitate the sounds they make.It also helps to listen to Spanish being spoken every chance you get.Spanish-speaking television newscasters are excellent models, and sinceyou may already be familiar with the topic, you may understand some ofthe language. You may want to record sections of a program (sports,weather, soap operas, etc.), and listen to them repeatedly.You can also record your speech and then listen to yourself as a way tocheck your pronunciation.PracticeIn conclusion, the only way to learn a language is to use it. Take everyopportunity you are given to practice, practice, and practice some more.If you wait until you can say something perfectly, you will never speakSpanish. Take chances! You will not only learn to communicate in Span-ish, you will also establish new relationships, cement old ones, and learnmore about the world around us, here in the United States and Canada andto the south.xviii IntroductionSpanish Around theHousehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0071469478This page intentionally left blank.Interviewing Prospective EmployeesPara entrevistar a un futuro empleado(pah-rah ehn-treh-bees-tahr ah oon foo-too-roh ehm-pleh-ah-doh)The best way to get to know a prospective employee may be through a jobapplication. The application form that begins on page 3 can be used as apoint of departure to establish a conversation and to find out if the appli-cant truly meets your expectations for an employee. It also makes a goodrecord of information that you may need to access in the future. Theinformation requested on the form appears in both Spanish and English.Although while designing this form the authors tried to be as comprehen-sive as possible, there are always special situations that may require furtherquestions. The design and organization of this book will help you to findeasily those words and expressions you may need to get to know your pro-spective employee further.Please note that some of the questions that follow ask informationabout the applicant that may be sensitive. It is up to you to find the rightmoment to ask them. Although it may be sensitive in nature, this infor-mation may still be important for you to know.11Job Application and InterviewSolicitud de empleo y entrevista(soh-lee-see-tood deh ehm-pleh-oh ee ehn-treh-bees-tah)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. Keep in mind that the laws of the United States do not allow you to askcertain specific questions such as marital status, age, etc., of the applicant.You’ll need to become familiar with those laws. Useful sources are avail-able at your local public library.On the application form that begins on page 3, the word apellidos (lastnames) appears in the plural. That is because in Spanish-speaking coun-tries most people use two last names: their father’s last name first and thentheir mother’s maiden name. Married women usually retain their maidenname and then add de followed by their husband’s last name (i.e., de Gar-cía, etc.). This is, of course, changing with the times. But you may still meetmany women who follow the traditional custom.Interview QuestionsPreguntas para la entrevista(preh-goon-tahs pah-rah lah ehn-treh-bees-tah)The questions below appear in the same order as the informationrequested on the application form; that way you can ask them out loud asyou go through the application. Some of the questions may repeat thoseon the form, but you can use them as a point of departure to start aconversation going or if you are not able to, or decide not to, use anapplication form. Don’t forget to take notes.Personal InformationInformación personal(een-fohr-mah-syohn pehr-soh-nahl)What is your name?¿Cómo se llama usted?1(koh-moh seh yah-mah oos-tehd)What are your last names?¿Cuáles son sus apellidos?(kwah-lehs sohn soos ah-peh-yee-dohs)2 Spanish Around the House1. Notice that in Spanish the upside-down question mark introduces a question. A regularquestion mark ends the question.Job Application and Interview 3EMPLOYMENT APPLICATIONSOLICITUD DE EMPLEOPersonal InformationInformación personalName: Last names: Nombre: Apellidos:Address: Dirección:Telephone: Teléfono:Country of birth: País de nacimiento:Social Security number: Número de seguro social:Car: Yes NoCoche: Sí NoHave you studied in a high school? Yes No¿Ha estudiado en una escuela secundaria? Sí NoIf you have studied, up to what grade did you finish? Si ha estudiado, ¿qué grado terminó? Work ExperienceExperiencia de empleo1. Dates: Fechas:( )( )4 Spanish Around the HousePlace: Lugar:Supervisor: Supervisor(a):Description of responsibilities: Descripción de sus responsabilidades:2. Dates: Fechas:Place: Lugar:Supervisor: Supervisor(a):Description of responsibilities: Descripción de sus responsabilidades:3. Dates: Fechas:Place: Lugar:Supervisor: Supervisor(a):Description of responsibilities: Descripción de sus responsabilidades:Time AvailableHoras disponiblesDays available: Días disponibles:Monday From Until Lunes Desde Hasta Job Application and Interview 5Tuesday From Until Martes Desde Hasta Wednesday From Until Miércoles Desde Hasta Thursday From Until Jueves Desde Hasta Friday From Until Viernes Desde Hasta Saturday From Until Sábado Desde Hasta Sunday From Until Domingo Desde Hasta Personal ReferencesReferencias personalesName: Nombre:Address: Dirección:Telephone: Teléfono:Name: Nombre:Address: Dirección:Telephone: Teléfono:6 Spanish Around the HouseWork ReferencesReferencias de empleoName: Nombre:Address: Dirección:Telephone: Teléfono:Name: Nombre:Address: Dirección:Telephone: Teléfono:In Case of Emergency, Notify:En caso de emergencia, notifique a:Name: Nombre:Telephone: Teléfono:Cell phone number: Número de celular:Signature: Date: Firma: Fecha:What is your address?¿Cuál es su dirección?(kwahl ehs soo dee-rehk-syon)What is your phone number?¿Cuál es su número de teléfono?(kwahl ehs soo noo-meh-roh deh teh-leh-foh-noh)What is your Social Security number?¿Cuál es el número de su seguro social?(kwahl ehs ehl noo-meh-roh deh soo seh-goo-roh soh-syahl)What is your date of birth?¿Cuál es la fecha de su nacimiento?(kwahl ehs lah feh-chah deh soo nah-see-myehn-toh)What country are you from?¿De qué país es usted?(deh keh pah-ees ehs oos-tehd)Do you have a car?¿Tiene usted coche/carro?(tyeh-neh oos-tehd koh-cheh/kah-rroh)Have you studied in a high school?¿Ha estudiado en una escuela secundaria?(ah ehs-too-dyah-doh ehn oo-nah ehs-kweh-lah seh-koon-dah-ryah)What grade did you finish?¿Qué grado terminó?(keh grah-doh tehr-mee-noh)Do you know how to write in English?¿Sabe escribir en inglés?(sah-beh ehs-kree-beer ehn een-glehs)Do you have experience in this type of work?¿Tiene experiencia en este tipo de trabajo?(tyeh-neh ehs-peh-ryehn-syah ehn ehs-teh tee-poh deh trah-bah-hoh)Job Application and Interview 7Where did you work before?¿Dónde trabajó antes?(dohn-deh trah-bah-hoh ahn-tehs)What dates did you work there?¿Qué fechas trabajó allí?(keh feh-chahs trah-bah-hoh ah-yee)Who was your supervisor?¿Quién fue su supervisor/supervisora?(kyehn fweh soo soo-pehr-bee-sohr/soo-pehr-bee-soh-rah)What responsibilities did you have?¿Qué responsabilidades tenía?(keh rrehs-pohn-sah-bee-lee-dah-dehs teh-nee-ah)Why did you resign?¿Por qué renunció?(pohr keh rreh-noon-syoh)Do you have any questions?¿Tiene alguna pregunta?(tyeh-neh ahl-goo-nah preh-goon-tah)ScheduleEl horario(ehl oh-rah-ryoh)When are you available?¿Cuándo está disponible?(kwahn-doh ehs-tah dees-poh-nee-bleh)At what time can you arrive?¿A qué hora puede llegar?(ah keh oh-rah pweh-deh yeh-gahr)Until what time can you stay?¿Hasta qué hora puede quedarse?(ahs-tah keh oh-rah pweh-deh keh-dahr-seh)8 Spanish Around the HouseCan you stay overnight sometimes/every day/during the week?¿Puede quedarse a dormir algunas veces/todos los días/durante la semana?(pweh-deh keh-dahr-seh ah dohr-meer ahl-goo-nahs beh-sehs/toh-dohs lohs dee-ahs/doo-rahn-teh lah seh-mah-nah)Can you stay late in an emergency?¿Puede quedarse tarde en una emergencia?(pweh-deh keh-dahr-seh tahr-deh ehn oo-nah eh-mehr-hehn-syah)How many hours can you work?¿Cuántas horas puede trabajar?(kwahn-tahs oh-rahs pweh-deh trah-bah-hahr)How many days can you work?¿Cuántos días puede trabajar?(kwahn-tohs dee-ahs pweh-deh trah-bah-hahr)When can you start to work?¿Cuándo puede empezar a trabajar?(kwahn-doh pweh-deh ehm-peh-sahr ah trah-bah-hahr)Do you work someplace else now?¿Trabaja en otro lugar ahora?(trah-bah-hah ehn oh-troh loo-gahr ah-oh-rah)Can you work on Saturdays/Sundays?¿Puede trabajar los sábados/los domingos?(pweh-deh trah-bah-hahr lohs sah-bah-dohs/lohs doh-meen-gohs)ExperienceLa experiencia(lah ehks-peh-ryehn-syah)How did you find out about the job?¿Cómo se enteró del trabajo?(koh-moh seh ehn-teh-roh dehl trah-bah-hoh)Have you done this type of work before?¿Ha hecho este tipo de trabajo antes?(ah eh-choh ehs-teh tee-poh deh trah-bah-hoh ahn-tehs)Job Application and Interview 9Where did you work before?¿Dónde trabajó antes?(dohn-deh trah-bah-hoh ahn-tehs)Do you have references?¿Tiene referencias?(tyeh-neh rreh-feh-rehn-syahs)May I call your references?¿Podría llamar a sus referencias?(poh-dree-ah yah-mahr ah soos rreh-feh-rehn-syahs)Likes and DislikesLo que le gusta o no le gusta(loh keh leh goos-tah oh noh leh goos-tah)Do you smoke?¿Fuma Ud.?(foo-mah oos-tehd)Is there any job you do not like to do?¿Hay algún trabajo que no le guste hacer?(ah-ee ahl-goon trah-bah-hoh keh noh leh goos-teh ah-sehr)Do you like to work with children?¿Le gusta trabajar con niños?(leh goos-tah trah-bah-hahr kohn nee-nyohs)Do you like working with older people?¿Le gusta trabajar con ancianos?(leh goos-tah trah-bah-hahr kohn ahn-syah-nohs)Do you like animals?¿Le gustan los animales?(leh goos-tahn lohs ah-nee-mah-lehs)Do you like working outside?¿Le gusta trabajar afuera?(leh goos-tah trah-bah-hahr ah-fweh-rah)10 Spanish Around the HouseLegal MattersCuestiones legales(kwehs-tyoh-nehs leh-gah-lehs)How long have you been in the United States?¿Cuánto tiempo hace que está en los Estados Unidos?(kwahn-toh tyehm-poh ah-seh keh ehs-tah ehn lohs ehs-tah-dohs oo-nee-dohs)Are you a United States citizen?¿Es ciudadano/cuidadana2 de los Estados Unidos?(ehs syoo-dah-dah-noh/syoo-dah-dah-nah deh lohs ehs-tah-dohs oo-nee-dohs)Are you a legal resident?¿Es Ud. un residente/una residente legal?(ehs oos-tehd oon rreh-see-dehn-teh/oo-nah rreh-see-dehn-teh leh-gahl)Do you have a permanent residence card?¿Tiene tarjeta de residencia permanente?(tyeh-neh tahr-heh-tah deh rreh-see-dehn-syah pehr-mah-nehn-teh)Do you have a work permit?¿Tiene permiso de trabajo?(tyeh-neh pehr-mee-soh deh trah-bah-hoh)Do you have a Social Security card?¿Tiene tarjeta de seguro social?(tyeh-neh tahr-heh-tah deh seh-goo-roh soh-syahl)Getting to WorkPara viajar al trabajo(pah-rah byah-hahr ahl trah-bah-hoh)How can you get here?¿Cómo puede llegar aquí?(koh-moh pweh-deh yeh-gahr ah-kee)Job Application and Interview 112. Note that every Spanish noun is either masculine or feminine. Many nouns form the femi-nine by changing the final -o of the masculine to -a (see page 177).Do you have a car?¿Tiene coche/carro?(tyeh-neh koh-cheh/kah-rroh)Do you know how to get here by bus/train?¿Sabe llegar aquí en autobús/en tren?(sah-beh yeh-gahr ah-kee ehn ah-oo-toh-boos/ehn trehn)SkillsHabilidades(ah-bee-lee-dah-dehs)Do you drive a car?¿Sabe conducir?(sah-beh kohn-doo-seer)Do you have a driver’s license?¿Tiene licencia de conducir?(tyeh-neh lee-sehn-syah deh kohn-doo-seer)Do you speak English?¿Habla inglés?(hah-blah een-glehs)Do you read English?¿Lee inglés?(leh-eh een-glehs)Do you write English?¿Escribe inglés?(ehs-kree-beh een-glehs)In Case of Emergency/IllnessEn caso de emergencia/enfermedad(ehn kah-soh deh eh-mehr-hehn-syah/ehn-fehr-meh-dahd)In case of emergency, whom should I call?En caso de emergencia, ¿a quién debo llamar?(ehn kah-soh deh eh-mehr-hehn-syah ah kyehn deh-boh yah-mahr)12 Spanish Around the HouseWhat is his/her phone number?¿Cuál es su número de teléfono?(kwahl ehs soo noo-meh-roh deh teh-leh-foh-noh)Do you have medical insurance?¿Tiene seguro médico?(tyeh-neh seh-goo-roh meh-dee-koh)Are you allergic to animals?¿Es alérgico/alérgica a los animales?(ehs ah-lehr-hee-koh/ah-lehr-hee-kah ah lohs ah-nee-mah-lehs)Are you allergic to anything else?¿Es alérgico/alérgica a otra cosa?(ehs ah-lehr-hee-koh/ah-lehr-hee-kah ah oh-trah koh-sah)To Finish the InterviewPara terminar la entrevista(pah-rah tehr-mee-nahr lah ehn-treh-bees-tah)Could (Would) you . . .¿Podría...(poh-dree-ah...)sign here?firmar aquí?(feer-mahr ah-kee)stay until one/two/three, etc., o’clock?quedarse hasta la una/las dos/las tres, etc.?(keh-dahr-seh ahs-tah lah oo-nah/lahs dohs/lahs trehs, etc.)come back tomorrow?volver mañana?(bohl-behr mah-nyah-nah)come the day after tomorrow?venir pasado mañana?(beh-neer pah-sah-doh mah-nyah-nah)Job Application and Interview 13come next week?venir la semana próxima?(beh-neer lah seh-mah-nah prohk-see-mah)start immediately/tomorrow/next week/next month?empezar inmediatamente/mañana/la semana próxima/el mespróximo?(ehm-peh-sahr een-meh-dyah-tah-mehn-teh/mah-nyah-nah/lahseh-mah-nah prohk-see-mah/ehl mehs prohk-see-moh)I am going to think about it, and I will call you on the phone.Voy a pensarlo y lo/la llamo por teléfono.(boh-ee ah pehn-sahr-loh ee loh/lah yah-moh pohr teh-leh-foh-noh)I have to talk to my husband/wife first.Tengo que hablar con mi esposo/esposa primero.(tehn-goh keh ah-blahr kohn mee ehs-poh-soh/ehs-poh-sah pree-meh-roh)Thank you for coming.Gracias por venir.(grah-syahs pohr beh-neer)I would like . . .Quisiera...(kee-syeh-rah...)to know if you are interested in the job.saber si le interesa el trabajo.(sah-behr see leh een-teh-reh-sah ehl trah-bah-hoh)to call your previous job (your previous boss/supervisor).llamar a su previo empleo (a su jefe/jefa/supervisor/supervisora)anterior.(yah-mahr ah soo preh-byoh ehm-pleh-oh [ah soo heh-feh/heh-fah/soo-pehr-bee-sohr/soo-pehr-bee-soh-rah] ahn-teh-ryohr)to verify the references.verificar las referencias.(beh-ree-fee-kahr lahs rreh-feh-rehn-syahs)14 Spanish Around the Houseto introduce you to my husband/wife/son/daughter/children.presentarle a mi esposo/esposa/hijo/hija/hijos/hijas.(preh-sehn-tahr-leh ah mee ehs-poh-soh/ehs-poh-sah/ee-hoh/ee-hah/ee-hohs/ee-hahs)Rememberthat when referring to your children, if they are all boys youshould use hijos (ee-hohs). If you have both boys and girls, use hijos (ee-hohs). If they are all girls, use hijas (ee-hahs).Greetings and Polite ExchangesSaludos e intercambios de cortesía(sah-loo-dohs eh een-tehr-kahm-byohs deh kohr-teh-see-ah)There is a formal and an informal way to address a Spanish-speakingperson. Which one you use depends on how well you know the personand/or his/her age. It is always best to address someone you do not knowwell or who is older than you are by using usted (Ud.) (oos-tehd). Onceyou get to know someone well and especially if he or she has requestedthat you do so, use tú (too).To greet someone, say:Good morning. Buenos días. (bweh-nohs dee-ahs)Good afternoon. Buenas tardes. (bweh-nahs tahr-dehs)Good evening./Good night. Buenas noches. (bweh-nahs noh-chehs)Hi. Hola. (oh-lah)How are you? ¿Cómo está usted? (koh-moh ehs-tahoos-tehd)¿Cómo estás tú? (koh-moh ehs-tahstoo)How is it going? ¿Cómo le va? (koh-moh leh bah)I am fine, thanks. And you? Estoy bien, gracias. ¿Y Ud.? (ehs-toh-eebyehn grah-syahs ee oos-tehd) Very well. Muy bien. (moo-ee byehn)So-so. Regular./Así, así. (rreh-goo-lahr/ah-seeah-see)Job Application and Interview 15To say good-bye to someone, say:Good-bye. Adiós. (ah-dyohs)See you later. Hasta luego. (ahs-tah lweh-goh)See you tomorrow. Hasta mañana. (ahs-tah mah-nyah-nah)See you Monday. Hasta el lunes. (ahs-tah ehl loo-nehs)See you Tuesday. Hasta el martes. (ahs-tah ehl mahr-tehs)See you Wednesday. Hasta el miércoles. (ahs-tah ehl myehr-koh-lehs)See you Thursday. Hasta el jueves. (ahs-tah ehl hweh-behs)See you Friday. Hasta el viernes. (ahs-tah ehl byehr-nehs)See you Saturday. Hasta el sábado. (ahs-tah ehl sah-bah-doh)See you Sunday. Hasta el domingo. (ahs-tah ehl doh-meen-goh)Have a nice day. ¡Que le vaya bien!3 (keh leh bah-yahbyehn)To introduce someone, say:This is (person’s name). Este/Esta es (person’s name). (ehs-teh/ehs-tah ehs...)A pleasure. Mucho gusto. (moo-choh goos-toh)The pleasure is mine. El gusto es mío. (ehl goos-toh ehs mee-oh)To thank someone, say:Thank you. Gracias. (grah-syahs)Thank you very much. Muchas gracias. (moo-chahs grah-syahs)I’m very grateful. Muy agradecido/agradecida. (moo-eeah-grah-deh-see-doh/ah-grah-deh-see-dah)16 Spanish Around the House3. Notice that an upside-down exclamation point introduces an exclamation. A regular excla-mation point ends the exclamation.Many thanks! ¡Mil gracias! (meel grah-syahs)You are welcome. De nada. (deh nah-dah)To apologize or express regret, use:I’m sorry. Lo siento. (loh syehn-toh)I’m very sorry. Lo siento mucho. (loh syehn-toh moo-choh)Forgive me. Perdón. (pehr-dohn)Excuse me. Con su permiso. (kohn soo pehr-mee-soh)To express surprise, say:Really? ¿De veras? (deh beh-rahs)You don’t say! ¡No me diga! (noh meh dee-gah)What a surprise! ¡Qué sorpresa! (keh sohr-preh-sah)How strange! ¡Qué raro!/¡Qué extraño! (keh rrah-roh/keh ehs-trah-nyoh)To express agreement/disagreement, say:OK. Bueno./Vale. (bweh-noh/bah-leh)I agree. De acuerdo. (deh ah-kwehr-doh)It’s true. Es cierto./Es verdad. (ehs syehr-toh/ehsbehr-dahd)You’re right. Tiene razón. (tyeh-neh rrah-sohn)Of course! ¡Cómo no!/¡Claro que sí! (koh-mohnoh/klah-roh keh see)Of course not! ¡Claro que no! (klah-roh keh noh)You’re wrong. No tiene razón. (noh tyeh-neh rrah-sohn)To express approval/encouragement, say:Great! ¡Qué bueno!/¡Estupendo! (keh bweh-noh/ehs-too-pehn-doh)Fantastic! ¡Fantástico!/¡Fenomenal! (fahn-tahs-tee-koh/feh-noh-meh-nahl)What a great idea! ¡Qué buena idea! (keh bweh-nah ee-deh-ah)Job Application and Interview 17Perfect! ¡Perfecto! (pehr-fehk-toh)Very good! ¡Muy bien! (moo-ee byehn)To express disapproval, say:How horrible/terrible! ¡Qué horror!/¡Qué horrible(terrible)!(keh oh-rrohr/keh oh-rree-bleh [teh-rree-bleh])What a disaster! ¡Qué desastre! (keh deh-sahs-treh)To express happiness, say:I am (very) happy. Estoy (muy) contento/contenta. (ehs-toh-ee [moo-ee] kohn-tehn-toh/kohn-tehn-tah)What happiness! ¡Qué alegría!/¡Qué felicidad! (keh ah-leh-gree-ah/keh feh-lee-see-dahd)To express sadness, say:I am (very) sad. Estoy (muy) triste. (ehs-toh-ee [moo-ee] trees-teh)How sad!/What sadness! ¡Qué triste!/¡Qué tristeza! (keh trees-teh/keh trees-teh-sah)What a shame/a pity! ¡Qué lástima!/¡Qué pena! (keh lahs-tee-mah/keh peh-nah)To express embarrassment, say:I’m (very) embarrassed. Estoy (muy) avergonzado/avergonzada.(ehs-toh-ee [moo-ee] ah-behr-gohn-sah-doh/ah-behr-gohn-sah-dah)What a shame/an ¡Qué vergüenza! (keh behr-gwehn-sah)embarrassment!To ask, socially, about someone’s family, say:Are you married? ¿Es usted casado/casada? (ehs oos-tehdkah-sah-doh/kah-sah-dah)Are you single? ¿Es Ud. soltero/soltera? (ehs oos-tehdsohl-teh-roh/sohl-teh-rah)18 Spanish Around the HouseDo you have any children? ¿Tiene Ud. hijos/hijas? (tyeh-neh oos-tehd ee-hohs/ee-hahs)How old are they? ¿Cuántos años tienen? (kwahn-tohs ah-nyohs tyeh-nehn)Job Application and Interview 19This page intentionally left blank.The family is very important in Hispanic culture. In any gathering you willfind members of a family spanning several generations. Even relatives whoin other cultures may not be considered close members of the family, aretreated as close family by Hispanics. This includes any relative, by blood orby marriage, no matter how far removed.RelativesLos parientes(lohs pah-ryehn-tehs)aunt la tía (lah tee-ah)boyfriend el novio (ehl noh-byoh)brother el hermano (ehl ehr-mah-noh)brother-in-law el cuñado (ehl koo-nyah-doh)cousin el primo/la prima (ehl pree-moh/lah pree-mah)daughter la hija (lah ee-hah)daughter-in-law la nuera (lah nweh-rah)father el padre (ehl pah-dreh)father-in-law el suegro (ehl sweh-groh)212The FamilyLa familia(lah fah-mee-lyah)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. girlfriend la novia (lah noh-byah)goddaughter la ahijada (lah ah-ee-hah-dah)godfather el padrino (ehl pah-dree-noh)godmother la madrina (lah mah-dree-nah)godson el ahijado (ehl ah-ee-hah-doh)granddaughter la nieta (lah nyeh-tah)grandfather el abuelo (ehl ah-bweh-loh)grandmother la abuela (lah ah-bweh-lah)grandson el nieto (ehl nyeh-toh)great-granddaughter la bisnieta (lah bees-nyeh-tah)great-grandfather el bisabuelo (ehl bee-sah-bweh-loh)great-grandmother la bisabuela (lah bee-sah-bweh-lah)great-grandson el bisnieto (ehl bees-nyeh-toh)husband el esposo (ehl ehs-poh-soh)mother la madre (lah mah-dreh)mother-in-law la suegra (lah sweh-grah)nephew el sobrino (ehl soh-bree-noh)niece la sobrina (lah soh-bree-nah)relative el pariente/la parienta (ehl pah-ryehn-teh/lahpar-ryehn-tah)sister la hermana (lah ehr-mah-nah)sister-in-law la cuñada (lah koo-nyah-dah)son el hijo (ehl ee-hoh)son-in-law el yerno (ehl yehr-noh)stepbrother el hermanastro (ehl ehr-mah-nahs-troh)stepdaughter la hijastra (lah ee-hahs-trah)stepfather el padrastro (ehl pah-drahs-troh)stepmother la madrastra (lah mah-drahs-trah)stepsister la hermanastra (lah ehr-mah-nahs-trah)stepson el hijastro (ehl ee-hahs-troh)uncle el tío (ehl tee-oh)wife la esposa (lah ehs-poh-sah)22 Spanish Around the HouseDescribing a Person PhysicallyPara describir a una persona físicamente(pah-rah dehs-kree-beer ah oo-nah pehr-soh-na fee-see-kah-mehn-teh)In order to describe what a person looks like you must use the verb ser(sehr) (to be):I am soy (soh-ee)you are ( familiar) eres (eh-rehs)he/she is; you are (polite, singular) es (ehs)we are somos (soh-mohs)they are; you are (polite, plural) son (sohn)Also remember that the ending of the adjective changes depending onwhether the person you are describing is male or female and on whetheryou aredescribing one or more than one person. Adjectives ending in -ochange the -o to -a to form the feminine. Most other adjectives have thesame form for both genders. You may want to review how to makeadjectives agree with nouns in Appendix B on pages 178–79. Use thefollowing adjectives to describe someone physically:athletic atlético (ah-tleh-tee-koh)bald calvo (kahl-boh)blond/fair rubio (rroo-byoh)brunette/dark moreno (moh-reh-noh)fat gordo/grueso (gohr-doh/grweh-soh)good-looking guapo (gwah-poh)large grande (grahn-deh)pretty (a woman) bonita/hermosa (boh-nee-tah/ehr-moh-sah)redheaded pelirrojo (peh-lee-rroh-hoh)short bajo (bah-hoh)skinny flaco (flah-koh)slender esbelto (ehs-behl-toh)small pequeño (peh-keh-nyoh)strong fuerte (fwehr-teh)tall alto (ahl-toh)thin delgado (dehl-gah-doh)ugly feo (feh-oh)The Family 23Describing a Person’s Personality and IntelligencePara describir la personalidad y la inteligencia de una persona(pah-rah dehs-kree-beer lah pehr-soh-nah-lee-dahd ee lah een-teh-lee-hehn-syah deh oo-nah pehr-soh-nah)Use the following adjectives to describe someone’s personality andintelligence. Again, use the verb ser (sehr) (to be) and don’t forget to makethe adjective agree with the noun it describes.boring aburrido (ah-boo-rree-doh)calm tranquilo/quieto (trahn-kee-loh/kyeh-toh)charming encantador (ehn-kahn-tah-dohr)conceited vanidoso/engreído (bah-nee-doh-soh/ehn-greh-ee-doh)conservative conservador (kohn-sehr-bah-dohr)courageous valiente (bah-lyehn-teh)crazy loco (loh-koh)dumb tonto (tohn-toh)fun divertido (dee-behr-tee-doh)generous generoso (heh-neh-roh-soh)happy alegre (ah-leh-greh)hard-working trabajador (trah-bah-hah-dohr)healthy saludable/sano (sah-loo-dah-bleh/sah-noh)honest/trustworthy honrado (ohn-rrah-doh)independent independiente (een-deh-pehn-dyehn-teh)intelligent inteligente/listo (een-teh-lee-hehn-teh/lees-toh)interesting interesante (een-teh-reh-sahn-teh)lazy perezoso (peh-reh-soh-soh)liberal liberal (lee-beh-rahl)nice simpático (seem-pah-tee-koh)optimistic optimista (ohp-tee-mees-tah)pessimistic pesimista (peh-see-mees-tah)pleasant agradable (ah-grah-dah-bleh)24 Spanish Around the Housepolite/courteous cortés (kohr-tehs)responsible responsable (rrehs-pohn-sah-bleh)sad triste (trees-teh)sane cuerdo (kwer-doh)serious serio (seh-ryoh)sincere sincero (seen-seh-roh)slow lento (lehn-toh)spoiled malcriado (mahl-kryah-doh)talkative hablador (ah-blah-dohr)unpleasant/disagreeable antipático (ahn-tee-pah-tee-koh)Describing a Person’s Emotions and FeelingsPara describir las emociones y los sentimientos de una persona(pah-rah dehs-kree-beer lahs eh-moh-syoh-nehs ee lohs sehn-tee-myehn-tohs deh oo-nah pehr-soh-nah)At times, you and your employees will have to tell each other how you feelor explain why you are acting a certain way. In contrast to the descriptionsyou learned above, adjectives that describe transitory or temporaryfeelings and emotions use the verb estar (ehs-tahr) (to be).I am estoy (ehs-toh-ee)you are (familiar) estás (ehs-tahs)he/she is; you are (polite, singular) está (ehs-tah)we are estamos (ehs-tah-mohs)they are; you are (polite, plural) están (ehs-tahn)Use the following adjectives to describe someone’s emotions, feelings,or the condition they are in at a particular moment in time. Remember tomake the adjective agree with the noun it describes.angry enojado (eh-noh-hah-doh)busy ocupado (oh-koo-pah-doh)confused confundido (kohn-foon-dee-doh)depressed deprimido (deh-pree-mee-doh)exhausted agotado (ah-goh-tah-doh)The Family 25grateful agradecido (ah-grah-deh-see-doh)happy alegre/contento (ah-leh-greh/kohn-tehn-toh)nervous nervioso (nehr-byoh-soh)relaxed relajado (rreh-lah-hah-doh)sad triste (trees-teh)sick enfermo (ehn-fehr-moh)tired cansado (kahn-sah-doh)worried preocupado (preh-oh-koo-pah-doh)Describing a Person’s ReligionPara describir la religión de una persona(pah-rah dehs-kree-beer lah rreh-lee-hyohn deh oo-nah pehr-soh-nah)Use the following adjectives to talk about religious affiliation. Use the verbser (sehr) (to be) and remember to make the adjective agree with the nounit describes.Catholic católico (kah-toh-lee-koh)Christian cristiano (krees-tyah-noh)Jewish judío (hoo-dee-oh)Moslem musulmán (moo-sool-mahn)Protestant protestante (proh-tehs-tahn-teh)Describing a Person’s NationalityPara describir la nacionalidad de una persona(pah-rah dehs-kree-beer lah nah-syoh-nah-lee-dahd deh oo-nah pehr-soh-nah)Asking about your employee’s country of origin shows that you are inter-ested in him or her as a person. It is also a way to increase your knowl-edge about other countries and cultures, which your employee will likelyappreciate.Ask the following question to find out where someone is from:Where are you from? ¿De dónde es Ud.? (deh dohn-deh ehsoos-tehd)26 Spanish Around the HouseI am from . . . Soy de... (soh-ee deh...)To find out his or her nationality, you may ask:What is your nationality? ¿Cuál es su nacionalidad? (kwahl ehssoo nah-syoh-nah-lee-dahd)I am . . . Soy... (soh-ee...)Notice that to express where someone is from, or a person’s nationality,you will always use the verb ser (sehr) (to be): soy, eres, es, somos, son,(soh-ee, eh-rehs, ehs, soh-mohs, sohn).Are you from . . . ? ¿Es Ud. de...? (ehs oos-tehddeh...)Yes, I am from . . . Sí, soy de... (see, soh-ee deh...)No, I am not from . . . , I am from . . . No, no soy de..., soy de... (noh,noh soh-ee deh..., soh-eedeh...)Here is a list of the Spanish-speaking countries and their correspon-ding nationalities. Note that with the exception of the nationalities for“Costa Rican,” “Nicaraguan,” and “Spanish,” changing the final -o to an-a forms the feminine form of the nationalities. Adjectives that end in -ein the masculine singular have the same ending for both genders. Adjec-tives of nationality that end in a consonant add an -a to the masculine formto express the feminine form. You may want to review how to make anadjective agree with the noun it describes in Appendix B on page 178–79.Argentina (ahr-hehn-tee-nah) argentino/argentina (ahr-hehn-tee-noh/ahr-hehn-tee-nah)Bolivia (boh-lee-byah) boliviano/boliviana (boh-lee-byah-noh/boh-lee-byah-nah)Chile (chee-leh) chileno/chilena (chee-leh-noh/chee-leh-nah)Colombia (koh-lohm-byah) colombiano/colombiana (koh-lohm-byah-noh/koh-lohm-byah-nah)Costa Rica (kohs-tah rree-kah) costarricense (kohs-tah-rree-sehn-seh)Cuba (koo-bah) cubano/cubana (koo-bah-noh/koo-bah-nah)The Family 27Ecuador (eh-kwah-dohr) ecuatoriano/ecuatoriana (eh-kwah-toh-ryah-noh/eh-kwah-toh-ryah-nah)El Salvador (ehl sahl-bah-dohr) salvadoreño/salvadoreña (sahl-bah-doh-reh-nyoh/sahl-bah-doh-reh-nyah)España (ehs-pah-nyah) español/española (ehs-pah-nyohl/ehs-pah-nyoh-lah)Guatemala (gwah-teh-mah-lah) guatemalteco/guatemalteca(gwah-teh-mahl-teh-koh/gwah-teh-mahl-teh-kah)Honduras (ohn-doo-rahs) hondureño/hondureña (ohn-doo-reh-nyoh/ohn-doo-reh-nyah)México (meh-hee-koh) mexicano/mexicana (meh-heh-kah-noh/meh-heh-kah-nah)Nicaragua (nee-kah-rah-gwah) nicaragüense (nee-kah-rah-gwehn-seh)Panamá (pah-nah-mah) panameño/panameña (pah-nah-meh-nyoh/pah-nah-meh-nyah)Paraguay (pah-rah-gwah-ee) paraguayo/paraguaya (pah-rah-gwah-yoh/pah-rah-gwah-yah)Perú (peh-roo) peruano/peruana (peh-rwah-noh/peh-rwah-nah)Puerto Rico (pwehr-toh rree-koh) puertorriqueño/puertorriqueña(pwehr-toh-rree-keh-nyoh/pwehr-toh-rree-keh-nyah)República Dominicana (reh-poo- dominicano/dominicana (doh-blee-kah doh-mee-nee-kah-nah) mee-nee-kah-noh/doh-mee-nee-kah-nah)Uruguay (oo-roo-gwah-ee) uruguayo/uruguaya (oo-roo-gwah-yoh/oo-roo-gwah-yah)Venezuela (beh-neh-sweh-lah) venezolano/venezolana (beh-neh-soh-lah-noh/beh-neh-soh-lah-nah)28 Spanish Around the HouseParts of the HouseLas partes de la casa(lahs pahr-tehs deh lah kah-sah)The following is a general list of the things you may find in a house orapartment. It is followed by lists organized according to the differentrooms in the home.attic el desván (ehl dehs-bahn)backyard el patio (ehl pah-tyoh)balcony el balcón (ehl bahl-kohn)banister el pasamanos (ehl pah-sah-mah-nohs)basement el sótano (ehl soh-tah-noh)bench el banco (ehl bahn-koh)blind la persiana (lah pehr-syah-nah)carpet la alfombra (lah ahl-fohm-brah)ceiling el techo (ehl teh-choh)chain la cadena (lah kah-deh-nah)chimney la chimenea (lah chee-meh-neh-ah)curtain la cortina (lah kohr-tee-nah)293The HouseLa casa(lah kah-sah)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. deadbolt el pestillo (ehl pehs-tee-yoh)door la puerta (lah pwehr-tah)doorbell el timbre (ehl teem-breh)drawer el cajón (ehl kah-hohn)driveway la entrada (para carros) (lah ehn-trah-dah [pah-rah kah-rrohs])fence la cerca (lah sehr-kah)fire extinguisher el extintor (ehl ehs-teen-tohr)floor el suelo/el piso (ehl sweh-loh/ehl pee-soh)gate la verja (lah behr-hah)guest room el cuarto de huéspedes (ehl kwahr-tohdeh wehs-peh-dehs)hallway el pasillo (ehl pah-see-yoh)key la llave (lah yah-beh)latch el cerrojo (ehl seh-rroh-hoh)lock la cerradura (lah seh-rrah-doo-rah)mailbox el buzón (ehl boo-sohn)padlock el candado (ehl kahn-dah-doh)pantry la despensa (lah dehs-pehn-sah)playroom el cuarto de juego (ehl kwahr-toh dehhweh-goh)porch el portal (ehl pohr-tahl)roof el techo (ehl teh-choh)staircase la escalera (lah ehs-kah-leh-rah)stepladder la escalera (lah ehs-kah-leh-rah)terrace la terraza (lah teh-rrah-sah)wall la pared (lah pah-rehd)window la ventana (lah behn-tah-nah)windowshade la persiana (lah pehr-syah-nah)30 Spanish Around the HouseElectrical DevicesLos aparatos eléctricos(lohs ah-pah-rah-tohs eh-lehk-tree-kohs)You will find many electrical devices in the home. Some of them are listedlater according to the room where you can find them. But the followingcan be found in almost any room of the house:air conditioner el aire acondicionado (ehl ah-ee-rehah-kohn-dee-syoh-nah-doh)alarm la alarma (lah ah-lahr-mah)doorbell el timbre (ehl teem-breh)electrical outlet el enchufe (ehl ehn-choo-feh)fuse box la caja de fusibles (lah kah-hah dehfoo-see-blehs)heater el calentador (ehl kah-lehn-tah-dohr)lightbulb la bombilla (lah bohm-bee-yah)light switch el interruptor (ehl een-teh-rroop-tohr)meter el contador (ehl kohn-tah-dohr)plug el enchufe (ehl ehn-choo-feh)thermostat el termostato (ehl tehr-mohs-tah-toh)In the Living RoomEn la sala(ehn lah sah-lah)armchair el sillón/la butaca (ehl see-yohn/lahboo-tah-kah)ashtray el cenicero (ehl seh-nee-seh-roh)bookshelf el estante (ehl ehs-tahn-teh)clock el reloj (ehl rreh-loh)coffee table la mesita de centro (lah meh-see-tahdeh sehn-troh)cushion el cojín (ehl koh-heen)fireplace la chimenea (lah chee-meh-neh-ah)lamp la lámpara (lah lahm-pah-rah)The House 31lampshade la pantalla (lah pahn-tah-yah)piano el piano (ehl pyah-noh)picture el cuadro (ehl kwah-droh)radio el radio (ehl rrah-dyoh)rug la alfombra (lah ahl-fohm-brah)sofa el sofá (ehl soh-fah)telephone el teléfono (ehl teh-leh-foh-noh)television set el televisor (ehl teh-leh-bee-sohr)vase el florero (ehl floh-reh-roh)In the BedroomEn el dormitorio/el cuarto de dormir(ehn ehl dohr-mee-toh-ryoh/ehl kwahr-toh deh dohr-meer)Your bedroom is a place where you want to make sure everything is right.A good night’s sleep in a familiar and comfortable place is key to one’swell-being. Here is a list of words and verbs dealing with the bedroom:alarm clock el reloj despertador (ehl rreh-loh dehs-pehr-tah-dohr)bed la cama (lah kah-mah)bedspread la colcha (lah kohl-chah)blanket la frazada (lah frah-sah-dah)chest of drawers la cómoda (lah koh-moh-dah)closet el armario (ehl ahr-mah-ryoh)dresser la cómoda (lah koh-moh-dah)dressing table el tocador (ehl toh-kah-dohr)linen la ropa blanca (lah rroh-pah blahn-kah)mattress el colchón (ehl kohl-chohn)night table la mesita de noche (lah meh-see-tahdeh noh-cheh)pillow la almohada (lah ahl-moh-ah-dah)pillowcase la funda de almohada (lah foon-dahdeh ahl-moh-ah-dah)sheet la sábana (lah sah-bah-nah)32 Spanish Around the HouseVerbsto change the linen cambiar la ropa de cama (kahm-byahrlah rroh-pah deh kah-mah)to fall asleep dormirse (ue)1 (dohr-meer-seh)to get up levantarse (leh-bahn-tahr-seh)to go to bed acostarse (ue) (ah-kohs-tahr-seh)to make the bed hacer la cama (ah-sehr lah kah-mah)to sleep dormir (ue) (dohr-meer)to wake up despertarse (ie) (dehs-pehr-tahr-seh)Talking About How You SleptPara hablar sobre cómo durmió(pah-rah ah-blahr soh-breh koh-moh door-myoh)Here is a way to talk about how you slept last night:How did you sleep? ¿Cómo durmió? (koh-moh door-myoh)I slept . . . Dormí... (dohr-mee...)well. bien. (byehn)badly. mal. (mahl)In the BathroomEn el baño(ehn ehl bah-nyoh)bathtub la bañera (lah bah-nyeh-rah)cold-water tap el grifo de agua fría (ehl gree-foh dehah-gwah free-ah)faucet el grifo (ehl gree-foh)hot-water tap el grifo de agua caliente (ehl gree-fohdeh ah-gwah kah-lyehn-teh)medicine chest el botiquín (ehl boh-tee-keen)mirror el espejo (ehl ehs-peh-hoh)rug la alfombrilla (lah ahl-fohm-bree-yah)The House 331. To learn how to conjugate these Spanish verbs go to pages 186–88 in Appendix B.scale la pesa (lah peh-sah)shower la ducha (lah doo-chah)sink el lavabo/el lavamanos (ehl lah-bah-boh/ehl lah-bah-mah-nohs)soap dish la jabonera (lah hah-boh-neh-rah)toilet el retrete/el inodoro (ehl rreh-treh-teh/ehl ee-noh-doh-roh)toilet paper el papel higiénico (ehl pah-pehl ee-hyeh-nee-koh)towel rack el toallero (ehl toh-ah-yeh-roh)water el agua (ehl ah-gwah)Verbsto bathe bañarse 2 (bah-nyahr-seh)to brush one’s hair cepillarse el pelo (seh-pee-yahr-seh ehlpeh-loh)to brush one’s teeth cepillarse los dientes (seh-pee-yahr-sehlohs dyehn-tehs)to comb one’s hair peinarse (peh-ee-nahr-seh)to dry oneself secarse (seh-kahr-seh)to put make-up on maquillarse (mah-kee-yahr-seh)to shave afeitarse (ah-feh-ee-tahr-seh)to shower ducharse (doo-chahr-seh)to wash lavarse (lah-bahr-seh)In the Home OfficeEn la oficina en casa(ehn lah oh-fee-see-nah ehn kah-sah)answering machine el contestador automático (ehl kohn-tehs-tah-dohr ah-oo-toh-mah-tee-koh)ballpoint pen el bolígrafo (ehl boh-lee-grah-foh)bookcase el estante (ehl ehs-tahn-teh)34 Spanish Around the House2. As you see, most verbs dealing with personal grooming are reflexive verbs. If you need toreview or learn how reflexive verbs are conjugated, go to pages 187–88 in Appendix B.calculator la calculadora (lah kahl-koo-lah-doh-rah)computer la computadora (lah kohm-poo-tah-doh-rah)copy machine la copiadora (lah koh-pyah-doh-rah)desk el escritorio (ehl ehs-kree-toh-ryoh)envelope el sobre (ehl soh-breh)eraser la goma de borrar (lah goh-mah dehboh-rrahr)file cabinet el fichero (ehl fee-cheh-roh)file el archivo (ehl ahr-chee-boh)ink-jet printer la impresora de chorro de tinta (laheem-preh-soh-rah deh choh-rroh dehteen-tah)letter la carta (lah kahr-tah)paper el papel (ehl pah-pehl)paper clip el sujetapapeles (ehl soo-heh-tah-pah-peh-lehs)paperweight el pisapapeles (ehl pee-sah-pah-peh-lehs)pen la pluma (lah ploo-mah)pencil el lápiz (ehl lah-pees)pencil sharpner el sacapuntas (ehl sah-kah-poon-tahs)printer la impresora (lah eem-preh-soh-rah)stamp el sello (ehl seh-yoh)staple la grapa (lah grah-pah)stapler la grapadora (lah grah-pah-doh-rah)wastepaper basket la papelera (lah pah-peh-leh-rah)Verbsto file archivar (ahr-chee-bahr)to staple sujetar con grapas (soo-heh-tahr kohngrah-pahs)The House 35Talking on the TelephonePara hablar por teléfono(pah-rah ah-blahr pohr teh-leh-foh-noh)It is likely that your employee will need to answer the telephone and takemessages for you. You may also take messages from a friend or familymember of your employee. The following are some useful words andexpressions for making a call or answering the telephone:area code el código de área (ehl koh-dee-goh dehah-reh-ah)busy ocupado (oh-koo-pah-doh)call la llamada (lah yah-mah-dah)dial tone el tono de marcar (ehl toh-noh dehmahr-kahr)receiver el auricular (ehl ah-oo-ree-koo-lahr)Hello. Aló./Bueno./Diga./Dígame. (ah-loh/bweh-noh/dee-gah/dee-gah-meh)I would like to speak to . . . Quisiera hablar con... (kee-syeh-rahah-blahr kohn...)Is (name) there? ¿Está (name)? (ehs-tah...)Are (names) there? ¿Están (names)? (ehs-tahn...)Who should I say is calling? ¿De parte de quién? (deh pahr-teh dehkyehn)Who is speaking? ¿Quién habla? (kyehn ah-blah)It’s (name). Es (name)./Habla (name). (ehs.../ah-blah...)Just a moment, please. Un momento, por favor. (oon moh-mehn-toh pohr fah-bohr)I’m sorry. (Name) is not here. Lo siento. (Name) no está. (loh syehn-toh... noh ehs-tah)I’m sorry. (Names) are not here. Lo siento. (Names) no están. (lohsyehn-toh... noh ehs-tahn)He/She will return at . . . Regresa a la(s)... (rreh-greh-sah ahlah[s]...)Could you call later? ¿Podría llamar más tarde? (poh-dree-ah yah-mahr mahs tahr-deh)36 Spanish Around the HouseWhat is your phone number? ¿Cuál es su número de teléfono? (kwahlehs soo noo-meh-roh deh teh-leh-foh-noh)May I take a message? ¿Puedo tomar un mensaje? (pweh-dohtoh-mahr oon mehn-sah-heh)More slowly please. Más despacio, por favor. (mahs dehs-pah-syoh pohr fah-bohr)You have the wrong number. Tiene el número equivocado. (tyeh-nehehl noo-meh-roh eh-kee-boh-kah-doh)Verbsto call llamar (yah-mahr)to dial marcar (mahr-kahr)to hang up colgar (ue) (kohl-gahr)to pick up descolgar (ue) (dehs-kohl-gahr)to ring sonar (ue) (soh-nahr)Chores and Cleaning the HouseLos quehaceres y la limpieza de la casa(lohs keh-ah-seh-rehs ee lah leem-pyeh-sah deh lah kah-sah)It’s time to clean the house. Although some of the machines, gadgets, orobjects used to clean the house may be listed under specific rooms, the fol-lowing is a general list of what you need to clean the house. There are sev-eral ways to ask someone to do something. One way is to use the commandform. For more information on giving commands go to Appendix B onpages 198–200. Remember that in all languages using the equivalent of“please” goes a long way.Please . . . Por favor... (pohr fah-bohr...)clean the kitchen. limpie la cocina. (leem-pyeh lah koh-see-nah)dust the furniture. sacuda los muebles. (sah-koo-dah lohsmweh-blehs)wash the clothes. lave la ropa. (lah-beh lah rroh-pah)wash the dishes. friegue los platos. (fryeh-geh lohs plah-tohs)The House 37By putting no in front of the verb in the command form, you will asksomeone not to do something.A much easier way to ask someone to do something is as follows:Please . . . Haga el favor de… (ah-gah ehl fah-bohr deh...)clean the kitchen. limpiar la cocina. (leem-pyahr lah koh-see-nah)dust the furniture. sacudir los muebles. (sah-koo-deer lohsmweh-blehs)wash the clothes. lavar la ropa. (lah-bahr lah rroh-pah)wash the dishes. fregar los platos. (freh-gahr lohs plah-tohs)Some things used for cleaning the house are:broom la escoba (lah ehs-koh-bah)brush el cepillo (ehl seh-pee-yoh)bucket el cubo (ehl koo-boh)feather duster el plumero (ehl ploo-meh-roh)garbage bag la bolsa de la basura (lah bohl-sah dehlah bah-soo-rah)mop el trapeador (ehl trah-peh-ah-dohr)paper towel la toalla de papel (lah toh-ah-yah dehpah-pehl)rag el trapo (ehl trah-poh)scouring pad el estropajo (ehl ehs-troh-pah-hoh)sponge la esponja (lah ehs-pohn-hah)towel la toalla (lah toh-ah-yah)trashcan el basurero (ehl bah-soo-reh-roh)vacuum cleaner la aspiradora (lah ahs-pee-rah-doh-rah)Verbsto carry llevar (yeh-bahr)to clean limpiar (leem-pyahr)to close cerrar (ie) (seh-rrahr)to disinfect desinfectar (deh-seen-fehk-tahr)to dust sacudir el polvo (sah-koo-deer ehlpohl-boh)38 Spanish Around the Houseto lift levantar (leh-bahn-tahr)to mop trapear (trah-peh-ahr)to move mover (ue) (moh-behr)to open abrir (ah-breer)to pick up recoger (rreh-koh-hehr)to put away guardar (gwahr-dahr)to scrub (the floor) fregar (ie) (el suelo) (freh-gahr [ehlsweh-loh])to sweep barrer (bah-rrehr)to throw away tirar (tee-rahr)to turn off apagar (ah-pah-gahr)to turn on encender (ie) (ehn-sehn-dehr)to vacuum pasar la aspiradora (pah-sahr lah ahs-pee-rah-doh-rah)to wash lavar (lah-bahr)to wash dishes fregar (ie) (la vajilla) (freh-gahr [lahbah-hee-yah])to wet mojar (moh-hahr)Many household cleaning products are generally known by their brandnames. For example, it is often easier to make yourself understood if yousay, “Brillo,” “Windex,” etc. than by using the generic name in Spanish. So,when in doubt, try using the brand name, and you’ll have a pretty goodchance of being understood.In the Laundry Room/LaundromatEn la lavandería(ehn lah lah-bahn-deh-ree-ah)Whether you do your laundry at home or at a laundromat, any instructionsyou give to an employee will likely include some of the following:It’s necessary to . . . the clothes. Hay que... la ropa. (ah-ee keh... lahrroh-pah)dry secar (seh-kahr)fold doblar (doh-blahr)iron planchar (plahn-chahr)The House 39put away guardar (gwahr-dahr)rinse enjuagar (ehn-hwah-gahr)soak remojar (rreh-moh-hahr)wash lavar (lah-bahr)wring exprimir (ehs-pree-meer)You have to . . . Tiene que... (tyeh-neh keh...)choose the temperature. escoger la temperatura. (ehs-koh-hehr lah tehm-peh-rah-too-rah)choose the wash time. escoger el tiempo del lavado. (ehs-koh-hehr ehl tyehm-poh dehllah-bah-doh)remove a spot. quitar una mancha. (kee-tahr oo-nah mahn-chah)separate the colors from separar la ropa de color de la the white. blanca. (seh-pah-rahr lah rroh-pah deh koh-lohr deh lah blahn-kah)sew on a button. coser un botón. (koh-sehr oonboh-tohn)wash by hand. lavar a mano. (lah-bahr ah mah-noh)wash in cold/warm/hot water. lavar con agua fría/tibia/caliente.(lah-bahr kohn ah-gwah free-ah/tee-byah/kah-lyehn-teh)The load is . . . La carga es... (lah kahr-gah ehs...)delicate. delicada. (deh-lee-kah-dah)heavy. pesada. (peh-sah-dah)light. ligera. (lee-heh-rah)medium. mediana. (meh-dyah-nah)The machine is . . . La máquina está... (lah mah-kee-nahehs-tah...)empty. vacía. (bah-see-ah)full. llena. (yeh-nah)off. apagada. (ah-pah-gah-dah)on. encendida. (ehn-sehn-dee-dah)open. abierta. (ah-byehr-tah)40 Spanish Around the HouseIt’s . . . Está... (ehs-tah...)clean. limpio. (leem-pyoh)dirty. sucio. (soo-syoh)dry. seco. (seh-koh)faded. descolorido. (dehs-koh-loh-ree-doh)ruined. arruinado. (ah-rrwee-nah-doh)stained. manchado. (mahn-chah-doh)torn. rasgado. (rrahs-gah-doh)wet. mojado. (moh-hah-doh)worn. gastado. (gahs-tah-doh)If the noun you are describing is feminine in gender, the adjectivesmentioned above will end in -a.Different loads of laundry require different products. It is important tobe clear when you tell the person who is doing the laundry what to use.You have to use . . . Tiene que usar... (tyeh-neh keh oo-sahr...)bleach. el blanqueador. (ehl blahn-keh-ah-dohr)detergent. el detergente. (ehl deh-tehr-hehn-teh)fabric softener. el suavizante. (ehl swah-bee-sahn-teh)spot remover. el quitamanchas. (ehl kee-tah-mahn-chahs)starch. el almidón. (ehl ahl-mee-dohn)Other laundry necessities:clothes hanger la percha (lah pehr-chah)clothesline la tendedera (lah tehn-deh-deh-rah)clothespins las pinzas (lahs peen-sahs)dryer la secadora (lah seh-kah-doh-rah)iron la plancha (lah plahn-chah)ironing board la tablade planchar (lah tah-blah dehplahn-chahr)The House 41laundry basket el cesto de la ropa sucia (ehl sehs-tohdeh lah rroh-pah soo-syah)washing machine la lavadora (lah lah-bah-doh-rah)If the laundry is done at a laundromat (la lavandería) (lah lah-bahn-deh-ree-ah), the following will also be helpful to your employee:You have to put X coins in Tiene que poner X monedas en the machine. la máquina. (tyeh-neh keh poh-nehr...moh-neh-dahs ehn lah mah-kee-nah)Don’t leave the clothes No deje la ropa sin atender. (noh deh-unattended. heh lah rroh-pah seen ah-tehn-dehr)At the Dry CleanersEn la tintorería(ehn lah teen-toh-reh-ree-ah)Some clothing carries the label “dry clean” (lavar en seco) (lah-bahr ehnseh-koh). It is important to point out to your employee which articles needto be taken to the dry cleaners.Some words you may need are:dry cleaner el tintorero/la tintorera (ehl teen-toh-reh-roh/lah teen-toh-reh-rah)to dry-clean lavar en seco (lah-bahr ehn seh-koh)Mending ClothesPara remendar la ropa(pah-rah rreh-mehn-dahr lah rroh-pah)needle la aguja (lah ah-goo-hah)pin el alfiler (ehl ahl-fee-lehr)scissors las tijeras (lahs tee-heh-rahs)sewing machine la máquina de coser (lah mah-kee-nahdeh koh-sehr)thread el hilo (ehl ee-loh)42 Spanish Around the HouseFor a complete list of clothing and vocabulary dealing with clothing, goto Chapter 10.In an Apartment BuildingEn un edificio de apartamentos(ehn oon eh-dee-fee-syoh deh ah-pahr-tah-mehn-tohs)If you happen to live in an apartment building, here is some vocabularyyou may want to learn:apartment el apartamento (ehl ah-pahr-tah-mehn-toh)elevator el ascensor (ehl ahs-sehn-sohr)entrance la entrada (lah ehn-trah-dah)exit la salida (lah sah-lee-dah)floor/story el piso (ehl pee-soh)neighborhood el barrio (ehl bah-rryoh)parking lot el estacionamiento (ehl ehs-tah-syoh-nah-myehn-toh)rent el alquiler (ehl ahl-kee-lehr)sidewalk la acera (lah ah-seh-rah)Some apartment buildings have their own employees for maintenanceand management. Some of these people are:doorman el portero (ehl pohr-teh-roh)janitor el conserje (ehl kohn-sehr-heh)superintendent/porter el conserje (ehl kohn-sehr-heh)Here’s some vocabulary to use with your doorman or janitor:bag/sack la bolsa (lah bohl-sah)door la puerta (lah pwehr-tah)mail la correspondencia (lah koh-rrehs-pohn-dehn-syah)package el paquete (ehl pah-keh-teh)tip la propina (lah proh-pee-nah)The House 43Verbsto announce anunciar (ah-noon-syahr)to call llamar (yah-mahr)to carry llevar (yeh-bahr)to close cerrar (ie) (seh-rrahr)to help ayudar (ah-yoo-dahr)to move (residence) mudarse (moo-dahr-seh)to open abrir (ah-breer)to pick up recoger (rreh-koh-hehr)to rent an apartment alquilar un apartamento (ahl-kee-lahroon ah-pahr-tah-mehn-toh)to take out the garbage sacar la basura (sah-kahr lah bah-soo-rah)44 Spanish Around the HouseIn many households the family spends a lot of time in the kitchen. It is aplace where adults as well as children socialize and feel close to each otherwhile cooking and eating. Before you get down to serious cooking, you’llneed some practical vocabulary.Electrical Appliances in the KitchenLos aparatos eléctricos en la cocina(lohs ah-pah-rah-tohs eh-lehk-tree-kohs ehn lah koh-see-nah)These appliances will make your tasks easier:coffee mill el molinillo de café (ehl moh-lee-nee-yoh deh kah-feh)dishwasher el lavaplatos (ehl lah-bah-plah-tohs)gas stove la cocina (lah koh-see-nah)grill la parrilla (lah pah-rree-yah)kitchen range la estufa/la cocina (lah ehs-too-fah/lahkoh-see-nah)454In the KitchenEn la cocina(ehn lah koh-see-nah)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. microwave oven el horno a microondas (ehl ohr-noh ahmee-kroh-ohn-dahs)mixer la batidora (lah bah-tee-doh-rah)oven el horno (ehl ohr-noh)range el fogón (ehl foh-gohn)refrigerator el refrigerador/la nevera (ehl rreh-free-heh-rah-dohr/lah neh-beh-rah)stove la cocina (lah koh-see-nah)toaster la tostadora (lah tohs-tah-doh-rah)Containers and UtensilsLos envases y los utensilios(lohs ehn-bah-sehs ee lohs oo-tehn-see-lyohs)Here are the different containers, gadgets, and utensils you may need:aluminium foil el papel de aluminio (ehl pah-pehl dehah-loo-mee-nyoh)apron el delantal (ehl deh-lahn-tahl)basket la cesta (lah sehs-tah)bowl el tazón (ehl tah-sohn)bucket el cubo (ehl koo-boh)can opener el abrelatas (ehl ah-breh-lah-tahs)coffee filter el filtro de café (ehl feel-troh deh kah-feh)coffee pot la cafetera (lah kah-feh-teh-rah)colander el colador (ehl koh-lah-dohr)cupboard el armario/la alacena (ehl ahr-mah-ryoh/lah ah-lah-seh-nah)cutting board la tabla para cortar (lah tah-blah pah-rah kohr-tahr)drainboard el escurridero (ehl ehs-koo-rree-deh-roh)frying pan la sartén (lah sahr-tehn)funnel el embudo (ehl ehm-boo-doh)garbage can el cubo de basura (ehl koo-boh dehbah-soo-rah)46 Spanish Around the Houseglove el guante (ehl gwahn-teh)jar el tarro/el frasco (ehl tah-rroh/ehlfrahs-koh)kettle la olla para hervir agua (lah oh-yahpah-rah ehr-beer ah-gwah)ladle el cucharón (ehl koo-chah-rohn)lid la tapa (lah tah-pah)matches los fósforos (lohs fohs-foh-rohs)pan la cazuela/la olla (lah kah-sweh-lah/lahoh-yah)pot la cacerola (lah kah-seh-roh-lah)pressure-cooker la olla de presión (lah oh-yah deh preh-syohn)sink (kitchen) el fregadero (ehl freh-gah-deh-roh)skillet la sartén (lah sahr-tehn)strainer el colador (ehl koh-lah-dohr)towel (kitchen) la toalla de cocina (lah toh-ah-yah dehkoh-see-nah)whisk el batidor (ehl bah-tee-dohr)MealsLas comidas(lahs koh-mee-dahs)appetizer el entremés (ehl ehn-treh-mehs)breakfast el desayuno (ehl deh-sah-yoo-noh)dessert el postre (ehl pohs-treh)dinner la cena (lah seh-nah)lunch el almuerzo (ehl ahl-mwehr-soh)snack la merienda (lah meh-ryehn-dah)Verbsto dine (have dinner) cenar (seh-nahr)to eat breakfast desayunar (deh-sah-yoo-nahr)to eat lunch almorzar (ue) (ahl-mohr-sahr)In the Kitchen 47to fast ayunar (ah-yoo-nahr)to have a snack merendar (ie) (meh-rehn-dahr)BreakfastEl desayuno(ehl deh-sah-yoo-noh)Since breakfast foods are usually rather specific to that meal, we havelisted them separately. Of course, different people have different ideas ofwhat breakfast should be.Talking About BreakfastPara hablar sobre el desayuno(pah-rah ah-blahr soh-breh ehl deh-sah-yoo-noh)What do you want for breakfast? ¿Qué quieres en el desayuno? (kehkyeh-rehs ehn ehl deh-sah-yoo-noh)For breakfast I want . . . En el desayuno yo quiero... (ehn ehldeh-sah-yoo-noh yoh kyeh-roh...)Typical Breakfast FoodsLa comida típica del desayuno(lah koh-mee-dah tee-pee-kah dehl deh-sah-yoo-noh)bacon el tocino (ehl toh-see-noh)butter la mantequilla (lah mahn-teh-kee-yah)cereal el cereal (ehl seh-reh-ahl)cheese el queso (ehl keh-soh)coffee el café (ehl kah-feh)cookie la galleta (lah gah-yeh-tah)cottage cheese el requesón (ehl rreh-keh-sohn)cracker la galleta salada (lah gah-yeh-tah sah-lah-dah)cream cheese el queso crema (ehl keh-soh kreh-mah)cream la crema (lah kreh-mah)egg el huevo (ehl weh-boh)48 Spanish Around the Houseegg white la clara (lah klah-rah)egg yolk la yema (lah yeh-mah)ham el jamón (ehl hah-mohn)hard-boiled egg el huevo duro (ehl weh-boh doo-roh)juice el jugo1 (ehl hoo-goh)margarine la margarina (lah mahr-gah-ree-nah)milk la leche (lah leh-cheh)oatmeal la avena (lah ah-beh-nah)omelette la tortilla2 (lah tohr-tee-yah)roll el panecillo (ehl pah-neh-see-yoh)sausage la salchicha (lah sahl-chee-chah)scrambled egg el huevo revuelto (ehl weh-boh rreh-bwehl-toh)skim milk la leche desnatada (lah leh-cheh dehs-nah-tah-dah)tea el té (ehl teh)toast el pan tostado (ehl pahn tohs-tah-doh)yogurt el yogurt (ehl yoh-goor)MeatsLas carnes(lahs kahr-nehs)beef la carne de vaca (lah kahr-neh dehbah-kah)chop la chuleta (lah choo-leh-tah)deer el ciervo (ehl syehr-boh)ground beef la carne molida (lah kahr-neh moh-lee-dah)lamb el cordero (ehl kohr-deh-roh)meatball la albóndiga (lah ahl-bohn-dee-gah)In the Kitchen 491. To refer to a particular kind of juice, use el jugo de... (ehl hoo-goh deh...) � the name of thefruit. A list of fruits appears later in this chapter.2. Note that the word tortilla has different meanings in different countries. In Mexican cui-sine, a tortilla is a flat pancake made of corn or flour. In the rest of the Spanish-speaking world,a tortilla means “omelette.” To make the distinction you may want to say “egg omelette” (latortilla de huevos) (lah tohr-tee-yah deh weh-bohs).pork la carne de cerdo (lah kahr-neh dehsehr-doh)rabbit el conejo (ehl koh-neh-hoh)steak el bistec (ehl bees-tehk)veal la ternera (lah tehr-neh-rah)PoultryLas aves de corral(lahs ah-behs deh koh-rrahl)chicken el pollo (ehl poh-yoh)duck el pato (ehl pah-toh)hen la gallina (lah gah-yee-nah)turkey el pavo (ehl pah-boh)ShellfishLos mariscos(lohs mah-rees-kohs)clam la almeja (lah ahl-meh-hah)crab el cangrejo (ehl kahn-greh-hoh)fish el pescado (ehl pehs-kah-doh)lobster la langosta (lah lahn-gohs-tah)mussel el mejillón (ehl meh-hee-yohn)oyster la ostra (lah ohs-trah)scallop la viera (lah byeh-rah)shrimp el camarón (ehl kah-mah-rohn)squid el calamar (ehl kah-lah-mahr)FishLos pescados(lohs pehs-kah-dohs)anchovy la anchoa (lah ahn-choh-ah)bass la perca (lah pehr-kah)50 Spanish Around the Housecod el bacalao (ehl bah-kah-lah-oh)flounder el lenguado (ehl lehn-gwah-doh)salmon el salmón (ehl sahl-mohn)sardine la sardina (lah sahr-dee-nah)sole el lenguado (ehl lehn-gwah-doh)trout la trucha (lah troo-chah)tuna el atún (ehl ah-toon)FruitsLas frutas(lahs froo-tahs)apple la manzana (lah mahn-sah-nah)apricot el albaricoque/el durazno (ehl ahl-bah-ree-koh-keh/ehl doo-rahs-noh)banana el plátano (ehl plah-tah-noh)blackberry la mora (lah moh-rah)blueberry el arándano (ehl ah-rahn-dah-noh)cantaloupe el melón (ehl meh-lohn)cherry la cereza (lah seh-reh-sah)coconut el coco (ehl koh-koh)date el dátil (ehl dah-teel)fig el higo (ehl ee-goh)grape la uva (lah oo-bah)grapefruit la toronja (lah toh-rohn-hah)lemon el limón (ehl lee-mohn)lime la lima (lah lee-mah)melon el melón (ehl meh-lohn)orange la naranja (lah nah-rahn-hah)peach el melocotón (ehl meh-loh-koh-tohn)pear la pera (lah peh-rah)pineapple la piña (lah pee-nyah)plum la ciruela (lah see-rweh-lah)prune la ciruela pasa (lah see-rweh-lah pah-sah)raisin la pasa (lah pah-sah)In the Kitchen 51raspberry la frambuesa (lah frahm-bweh-sah)strawberry la fresa (lah freh-sah)tangerine la mandarina (lah mahn-dah-ree-nah)watermelon la sandía (lah sahn-dee-ah)VegetablesLos vegetales(lohs beh-heh-tah-lehs)artichoke la alcachofa (lah ahl-kah-choh-fah)asparagus el espárrago (ehl ehs-pah-rrah-goh)bean el frijol (ehl free-hohl)beet la remolacha (lah rreh-moh-lah-chah)broccoli el brécol (ehl breh-kohl)cabbage la col/el repollo (lah kohl/ehl rreh-poh-yoh)carrot la zanahoria (lah sah-nah-oh-ryah)cauliflower la coliflor (lah koh-lee-flohr)celery el apio (ehl ah-pyoh)chickpea el garbanzo (ehl gahr-bahn-soh)chives los cebollinos (lohs seh-boh-yee-nohs)corn el maíz (ehl mah-ees)cucumber el pepino (ehl peh-pee-noh)eggplant la berenjena (lah beh-rehn-heh-nah)garlic el ajo (ehl ah-hoh)green pea el guisante (ehl gee-sahn-teh)leek el puerro (ehl pweh-rroh)lentil la lenteja (lah lehn-teh-hah)lettuce la lechuga (lah leh-choo-gah)mushroom la seta/el hongo (lah seh-tah/ehl ohn-goh)onion la cebolla (lah seh-boh-yah)peanut el cacahuete/el maní (ehl kah-kah-weh-teh/ehl mah-nee)pepper la pimienta (lah pee-myehn-tah)pine nut el piñón (ehl pee-nyohn)52 Spanish Around the Housepotato la papa/la patata (lah pah-pah/lahpah-tah-tah)pumpkin la calabaza (lah kah-lah-bah-sah)radish el rábano (ehl rrah-bah-noh)spinach la espinaca (lah ehs-pee-nah-kah)squash la calabaza (lah kah-lah-bah-sah)tomato el tomate (ehl toh-mah-teh)walnut la nuez (lah nwehs)yam la batata (lah bah-tah-tah)zucchini el calabacín (ehl kah-lah-bah-seen)GrainsLos granos(lohs grah-nohs)barley la cebada (lah seh-bah-dah)cornmeal la harina de maíz (lah ah-ree-nah dehmah-ees)oats la avena (lah ah-beh-nah)rice el arroz (ehl ah-rrohs)Spices and IngredientsLas especias y los ingredientes(lahs ehs-peh-syahs ee lohs een-greh-dyehn-tehs)To make sure your food is prepared and seasoned the way you like it, hereis a list of spices and ingredients you should learn:bay leaves el laurel (ehl lah-oo-rehl)breadcrumbs el pan rallado (ehl pahn rrah-yah-doh)broth el caldo (ehl kahl-do)capers las alcaparras (lahs ahl-kah-pah-rrahs)cinnamon la canela (lah kah-neh-lah)clove of garlic el diente de ajo (ehl dyehn-teh deh ah-hoh)clove el clavo (ehl klah-boh)In the Kitchen 53flour la harina (lah ah-ree-nah)garlic el ajo (ehl ah-hoh)ginger el gengibre (ehl hehn-hee-breh)mayonnaise la mayonesa (lah mah-yoh-neh-sah)mustard la mostaza (lah mohs-tah-sah)nutmeg la nuez moscada (lah nwehs mohs-kah-dah)oil el aceite (ehl ah-seh-ee-teh)olive oil el aceite de oliva (ehl ah-seh-ee-teh dehoh-lee-bah)parsley el perejil (ehl peh-reh-heel)pepper la pimienta (lah pee-myehn-tah)saffron el azafrán (ehl ah-sah-frahn)salt la sal (lah sahl)sauce la salsa (lah sahl-sah)seasoning el condimento (ehl kohn-dee-mehn-toh)sugar el azúcar (ehl ah-soo-kahr)thyme el tomillo (ehl toh-mee-yoh)vanilla la vainilla (lah bah-ee-nee-yah)vinegar el vinagre (ehl bee-nah-greh)yeast la levadura (lah leh-bah-doo-rah)DrinksLas bebidas(lahs beh-bee-dahs)Nonalcoholic DrinksLas bebidas sin alcohol(lahs beh-bee-dahs seen ahl-kohl)Many nonalcoholic drinks are of course known by their brand names.Here is a list of generic beverages:cocoa el cacao (ehl kah-kah-oh)coffee el café (ehl kah-feh)54 Spanish Around the Housejuice el jugo (ehl hoo-goh)lemonade la limonada (lah lee-moh-nah-dah)mineral water el agua mineral (ehl ah-gwah mee-neh-rahl)punch el ponche (ehl pohn-cheh)soft drink el refresco (ehl rreh-frehs-koh)tea el té (ehl teh)water el agua (ehl ah-gwah)You may also want to specify how you like your drinks:cold drink la bebida fría (lah beh-bee-dah free-ah)hot drink la bebida caliente (lah beh-bee-dahkah-lyehn-teh)Alcoholic DrinksLas bebidas alcohólicas(lahs beh-bee-dahs ahl-koh-lee-kahs)When requesting an alcoholic drink in Spanish you usually ask for unacopa (oo-nah koh-pah) or un trago (oon trah-goh).Other terms related to drinks are:bottle la botella (lah boh-teh-yah)corkscrew el sacacorchos (ehl sah-kah-kohr-chohs)glass (stemmed) la copa (lah koh-pah)glass el vaso (ehl bah-soh)liter el litro (ehl lee-troh)with/without . . . con/sin... (kohn/seen...)ice hielo (yeh-loh)lemon limón (lee-mohn)olives aceitunas (ah-seh-ee-too-nahs)water agua (ah-gwah)Here are the names of some alcoholic drinks:beer la cerveza (lah sehr-beh-sah)brandy el coñac (ehl koh-nyahk)In the Kitchen 55champagne el champán (ehl chahm-pahn)cider la sidra (lah see-drah)gin la ginebra (lah hee-neh-brah)light beer la cerveza ligera (lah sehr-beh-sah lee-heh-rah)port el oporto (ehl oh-pohr-toh)red wine el vino tinto (ehl bee-noh teen-toh)rum el ron (ehl rrohn)sherry el jerez (ehl heh-rehs)sparkling wine el vino espumoso (ehl bee-noh ehs-poo-moh-soh)vermouth el vermut (ehl behr-moo)whisky el whisky (ehl wees-kee)white wine el vino blanco (ehl bee-noh blahn-koh)A number of other alcoholic drinks are not listed here because they areknown in Spanish by their English names (el scotch, el vodka, etc.).Verbsto drink beber (beh-behr)to mix mezclar (mehs-klahr)to pour echar(eh-chahr)to serve a drink servir (i) una copa (sehr-beer oo-nahkoh-pah)RecipesLas recetas(lahs rreh-seh-tahs)If you read a cookbook in Spanish, you’ll see that, as in English, the com-mand form of the verb is used to give instructions. Even though the com-mand form is more common, you may also see instructions given in theinfinitive. This is a good time to review how to form Spanish commands(Appendix B on pages 198–200). Some of the most common instructionsyou will need in order to share or to read a recipe in Spanish are on thenext pages.56 Spanish Around the HouseInfinitive Commandto add añadir (ah-nyah-deer) Añada... (ah-nyah-dah...)to bake hornear (ohr-neh-ahr) Hornee... (ohr-neh-eh...)to beat batir (bah-teer) Bata... (bah-tah...)to boil hervir (ie) (ehr-beer) Hierva... (yehr-bah...)to brown dorar (doh-rahr) Dore... (doh-reh...)to burn quemar (keh-mahr) Queme... (keh-meh...)to cook cocinar (koh-see-nahr) Cocine... (koh-see-neh...)to cover tapar (tah-pahr) Tape... (tah-peh...)to cut cortar (kohr-tahr) Corte... (kohr-teh...)to defrost descongelar Descongele...(dehs-kohn-heh-lahr) (dehs-kohn-heh-leh...)to fry freír (i) (freh-eer) Fría… (free-ah...)to grill asar a la parrilla (ah-sahr Ase a la parrilla… (ah-ah lah pah-rree-yah) seh ah lah pah-rree-yah...)to heat calentar (ie) (kah-lehn-tahr) Caliente... (kah-lyehn-teh...)to insert meter (meh-tehr) Meta... (meh-tah...)to measure medir (i) (meh-deer) Mida... (mee-dah...)to mix mezclar (mehs-klahr) Mezcle... (mehs-kleh...)to peel pelar (peh-lahr) Pele... (peh-leh...)to prepare preparar (preh-pah-rahr) Prepare... (preh-pah-reh...)to remove quitar (kee-tahr) Quite... (kee-teh...)to roast asar (ah-sahr) Ase... (ah-seh...)to season sazonar (sah-soh-nahr) Sazone... (sah-soh-neh...)to serve servir (i) (sehr-beer) Sirva... (seer-bah...)to simmer hervir (ie) a fuego lento Hierva a fuego lento. (ehr-beer ah fweh-goh (yehr-bah ah fweh-goh lehn-toh) lehn-toh)to spill derramar (deh-rrah-mahr) Derrame... (deh-rrah-meh...)to sprinkle rociar (rroh-syahr) Rocíe... (rroh-see-eh...)to stir revolver (ue) (rreh-bohl- Revuelva... (rreh-bwehl-behr) bah...)to take out sacar (sah-kahr) Saque... (sah-keh...)to uncover destapar (dehs-tah-pahr) Destape... (dehs-tah-peh...)In the Kitchen 57Measuring QuantitiesPara medir cantidades(pah-rah meh-deer kahn-tee-dah-dehs)Knowing how to express quantities is crucial to any cooking project.a bottle una botella (oo-nah boh-teh-yah)a bunch un atado/un manojo (oon ah-tah-doh/oon mah-noh-hoh)a cup una taza (oo-nah tah-sah)a dozen una docena (oo-nah doh-seh-nah)a gallon un galón (oon gah-lohn)a gram un gramo (oon grah-moh)a kilogram un kilogramo (oon kee-loh-grah-moh)a liter un litro (oon lee-troh)a pair un par (oon pahr)a piece un pedazo (oon peh-dah-soh)a pinch una pizca (oo-nah pees-kah)a pint una pinta (oo-nah peen-tah)a pound una libra (oo-nah lee-brah)a quart (of ) un cuarto (de) (oon kwahr-toh [deh])a tablespoonful una cucharada (oo-nah koo-chah-rah-dah)a teaspoonful una cucharadita (oo-nah koo-chah-rah-dee-tah)an ounce una onza (oo-nah ohn-sah)half (of ) la mitad (de) (lah mee-tahd [deh])measuring cup la taza de medir (lah tah-sah deh meh-deer)measuring spoon la cuchara de medir (lah koo-chah-rahdeh meh-deer)To express “a half,” “a fourth,” etc., consult Chapter 14 on pages157–58.58 Spanish Around the HouseIn the Dining RoomEn el comedor(ehn ehl koh-meh-dohr)bowl el tazón/el sopero (ehl tah-sohn/ehlsoh-peh-roh)cabinet la vitrina (lah bee-tree-nah)chair la silla (lah see-yah)cup la taza (lah tah-sah)fork el tenedor (ehl teh-neh-dohr)glass el vaso (ehl bah-soh)knife el cuchillo (ehl koo-chee-yoh)leftovers las sobras (lahs soh-brahs)napkin la servilleta (lah sehr-bee-yeh-tah)peppermill el molinillo de pimienta (ehl moh-lee-nee-yoh deh pee-myehn-tah)plate el plato (ehl plah-toh)platter la fuente (lah fwehn-teh)salt shaker el salero (ehl sah-leh-roh)saucer el platillo (ehl plah-tee-yoh)set of dishes la vajilla (lah bah-hee-yah)silverware la vajilla de plata (lah bah-hee-yah dehplah-tah)spoon la cuchara (lah koo-chah-rah)table la mesa (lah meh-sah)tablecloth el mantel (ehl mahn-tehl)tablespoon la cuchara (lah koo-chah-rah)teaspoon la cucharita (lah koo-chah-ree-tah)tray la bandeja (lah bahn-deh-hah)wine glass la copa (lah koh-pah)Verbsto chew masticar (mahs-tee-kahr)to clear the table quitar la mesa (kee-tahr lah meh-sah)to savor saborear (sah-boh-reh-ahr)to set the table poner la mesa (poh-nehr lah meh-sah)to try/taste probar (ue) (proh-bahr)In the Kitchen 59To Express Your Opinion About FoodPara expresar su opinión sobre la comida(pah-rah ehs-preh-sahr soo oh-pee-nyohn soh-breh lah koh-mee-dah)The following adjectives can be used with the verb estar (ehs-tahr) (mean-ing “to be”) to express your opinion about food. Again, you may want toreview the agreement of adjective endings in Appendix B on pages 178–79as well as the various uses of the verbs ser (sehr) and estar (ehs-tahr), eachmeaning “to be,” on pages 188–90.burned quemado (keh-mah-doh)delicious delicioso/rico (deh-lee-syoh-soh/rree-koh)dry seco (seh-koh)fresh fresco (frehs-koh)hard/tough duro (doo-roh)juicy jugoso (hoo-goh-soh)lukewarm tibio (tee-byoh)raw crudo (kroo-doh)rotten podrido (poh-dree-doh)salty salado (sah-lah-doh)spicy picante (pee-kahn-teh)spoiled podrido (poh-dree-doh)sweet dulce (dool-seh)tasty sabroso (sah-broh-soh)tender tierno (tyehr-noh)Read the following sentences:It is bitter. Está amargo. (ehs-tah ah-mahr-goh)It is sweet. Está dulce. (ehs-tah dool-seh)Now, if you were to replace está (ehs-tah) with es (ehs), you will be say-ing something quite different.When you use está (ehs-tah), you are saying that the item in front ofyou is bitter or sweet, at this moment. If you use ser (sehr) you are describ-ing an inherent characteristic of the item.60 Spanish Around the HouseFor example:Sugar is sweet. El azúcar es dulce. (ehl ah-soo-kahr ehsdool-seh)The coffee is sweet. El café está dulce. (ehl kah-feh ehs-tahdool-seh)In the latter case, está (ehs-tah) refers to that particular cup of coffee,not to “coffee in general.”Use the following question to ask someone how he or she likes the foodprepared. The answer to the question will express that person’s wishes.How do you like your food? ¿Cómo te gusta la comida? (koh-mohteh goos-tah lah koh-mee-dah)You can substitute la comida (lah koh-mee-dah) in the example abovewith the name of any single food item.How do you like the meat? ¿Cómo te gusta la carne? (koh-moh tehgoos-tah lah kahr-neh)I like it breaded. Me gusta empanada. (meh goos-tahehm-pah-nah-dah)Now, what if the food you are asking about is in the plural form?How do you like the carrots? ¿Cómo te gustan las zanahorias? (koh-moh teh goos-tahn lahs sah-nah-oh-ryahs)I like them boiled. Me gustan hervidas. (meh goos-tahnehr-bee-dahs)Again, when talking about foods or other items in the plural, the onlything you have to change is gusta (goos-tah) to gustan (goos-tahn).Here are some other ways to have your food prepared. Note that weshow these adjectives only in the masculine form. If you are describingfeminine or plural nouns you will need to change the adjective endings.Consult Appendix B on pages 178–79 for the agreement of adjectives.baked asado al horno (ah-sah-doh ahl ohr-noh)boiled hervido (ehr-bee-doh)In the Kitchen 61breaded empanado (ehm-pah-nah-doh)fat-free sin grasa (seen grah-sah)fried frito (free-toh)golden brown dorado (doh-rah-doh)grilled a la parrilla (ah lah pah-rree-yah)kosher autorizado por la ley judía (ah-oo-toh-ree-sah-doh pohr lah leh-eehoo-dee-ah)organic orgánico (ohr-gah-nee-koh)roasted asado (ah-sah-doh)stewed guisado (gee-sah-doh)stuffed relleno (rreh-yeh-noh)sugar-free sin azúcar (seen ah-soo-kahr)toasted tostado (tohs-tah-doh)vegetarian vegetariano (beh-heh-tah-ryah-noh)well-done bien cocinado (byehn koh-see-nah-doh)well-seasoned bien sazonado (byehn sah-soh-nah-doh)You can study the verb gustar (to like) in greater detail in Appendix Bon pages 191–92.62 Spanish Around the HouseFlowers and PlantsLas flores y las plantas(lahs floh-rehs ee lahs plahn-tahs)azalea la azalea (lah ah-sah-leh-ah)carnation el clavel (ehl klah-behl)chrysanthemum el crisantemo (ehl kree-sahn-teh-moh)crocus el azafrán (ehl ah-sah-frahn)daffodil el narciso (ehl nahr-see-soh)dahlia la dalia (lah dah-lyah)daisy la margarita (lah mahr-gah-ree-tah)dandelion el diente de león (ehl dyehn-teh deh leh-ohn)fern el helecho (ehl eh-leh-choh)geranium el geranio (ehl heh-rah-nyoh)gladiolus el gladiolo (ehl glah-dyoh-loh)heather el brezo (ehl breh-soh)honeysuckle la madreselva (lah mah-dreh-sehl-bah)hyacinth el jacinto (ehl hah-seen-toh)hydrangea la hortensia (lah ohr-tehn-syah)iris el lirio (ehl lee-ryoh)635In the Garden and on the PatioEn el jardín y en el patio(ehn ehl hahr-deen ee ehn ehl pah-tyoh)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. ivy la hiedra (lah yeh-drah)jasmine el jazmín (ehl hahs-meen)lavender el espliego (ehl ehs-plyeh-goh)lilac la lila (lah lee-lah)lily el lirio (ehl lee-ryoh)magnolia la magnolia (lah mahg-noh-lyah)marigold la maravilla (lah mah-rah-bee-yah)narcissus el narciso (ehl nahr-see-soh)oleander la adelfa (lah ah-dehl-fah)orchid la orquídea (lah ohr-kee-deh-ah)pansy el pensamiento (ehl pehn-sah-myehn-toh)peony la peonía (lah peh-oh-nee-ah)poppy la amapola (lah ah-mah-poh-lah)rhododendron el rododendro (ehl rroh-doh-dehn-droh)rose la rosa (lah rroh-sah)sunflower el girasol (ehl hee-rah-sohl)tulip el tulipán (ehl too-lee-pahn)violet la violeta (lah byoh-leh-tah)TreesLos árboles(lohs ahr-boh-lehs)acacia la acacia (lah ah-kah-syah)birch el abedul (ehl ah-beh-dool)cedar el cedro (ehl seh-droh)cypress el ciprés (ehl see-prehs)ebony el ébano (ehl eh-bah-noh)elm el olmo (ehl ohl-moh)eucalyptus el eucalipto (ehl eh-oo-kah-leep-toh)fir el pino noruego (ehl pee-noh noh-rweh-goh)hemlock el abeto del Canadá (ehl ah-beh-toh dehl kah-nah-dah)mahogany la caoba (lah kah-oh-bah)maple el arce (ehl ahr-seh)64 Spanish Around the Houseoak el roble/la encina (ehl rroh-bleh/lah ehn-see-nah)palm la palmera (lah pahl-meh-rah)pine el pino (ehl pee-noh)poplar el álamo/el chopo (ehl ah-lah-moh/ehl choh-poh)redwood la secoya (lah seh-koh-yah)spruce el abeto (ehl ah-beh-toh)willow el sauce (ehl sah-oo-seh)weeping willow el sauce llorón (ehl sah-oo-seh yoh-rohn)Taking Care of the GardenEl cuidado del jardín(ehl kwee-dah-doh dehl hahr-deen)Taking care of the garden—especially the flowers—makes your home awelcoming place. The following lists will be helpful whether you have a biggarden around your house or a flower box on your windowsill.annuals las anuales (lahs ah-nwah-lehs)bouquet el ramo (ehl rrah-moh)bud el capullo (ehl kah-poo-yoh)bulb el bulbo (ehl bool-boh)bunch el manojo (ehl mah-noh-hoh)clipping el recorte (ehl rreh-kohr-teh)flower bed el cantero (ehl kahn-teh-roh)flowerpot la maceta/el tiesto (lah mah-seh-tah/ehl tyehs-toh)grass la hierba (lah yehr-bah)hanging basket la canasta colgada (lah kah-nahs-tah kohl-gah-dah)perennials las perennes (lahs peh-rehn-nehs)plant la planta (lah plahn-tah)pot la maceta (lah mah-seh-tah)root la raíz (lah rrah-ees)scissors las tijeras (lahs tee-heh-rahs)seed la semilla (lah seh-mee-yah)In the Garden and on the Patio 65soil la tierra (lah tyeh-rrah)vase el florero (ehl floh-reh-roh)watering can la regadera (lah rreh-gah-deh-rah)weed la hierba (lah yehr-bah)The following list will prove very useful when you need to describe thestate of your flowers and plants. Use the verb estar (ehs-tahr) and don’tforget to change the ending of the adjective depending on what you aredescribing.alive vivo (bee-boh)dead muerto (mwehr-toh)dry seco (seh-koh)wet mojado (moh-hah-doh)withered marchito (mahr-chee-toh)For example:The flowers are Las flores están marchitas. (lahs floh-rehs ehs-withered. tahn mahr-chee-tahs)Now we’ll move on to the rest of the yard. Let’s begin with the treesand the terms related to taking care of them.bark la corteza (lah kohr-teh-sah)branch la rama (lah rrah-mah)bush el arbusto (ehl ahr-boos-toh)leaf la hoja (lah oh-hah)shrub el arbusto (ehl ahr-boos-toh)To talk with your Spanish-speaking gardener, you’ll need a moreexpanded vocabulary that deals with tools and garden materials. The fol-lowing list will help:blower/leaf blower la sopladora (lah soh-plah-doh-rah)broom la escoba (lah ehs-koh-bah)compost el abono (ehl ah-boh-noh)container el recipiente (ehl rreh-see-pyehn-teh)dump el basurero (ehl bah-soo-reh-roh)fertilizer el abono (ehl ah-boh-noh)garbage la basura (lah bah-soo-rah)66 Spanish Around the Housegas chainsaw el serrucho de gas (ehl seh-rroo-choh deh gahs)glove el guante (ehl gwahn-teh)greenhouse el invernadero (ehl een-behr-nah-deh-roh)hole el hoyo (ehl oh-yoh)hose la manguera (lah mahn-geh-rah)lawnmower el cortacésped (ehl kohr-tah-sehs-pehd)pick (tool) el pico (ehl pee-koh)pitchfork la horca (lah ohr-kah)pruner la podadera (lah poh-dah-deh-rah)push broom el cepillo (ehl seh-pee-yoh)rake el rastrillo (ehl rrahs-tree-yoh)rock la roca (lah rroh-kah)rototiller el rototiller (ehl rroh-toh-tee-lehr)shovel la pala (lah pah-lah)stone la piedra (lah pyeh-drah)trash can el basurero (ehl bah-soo-reh-roh)wheelbarrow la carretilla (lah kah-rreh-tee-yah)A garden becomes even more welcoming with a few amenities.bench el banco (ehl bahn-koh)folding chair la silla plegable (lah see-yah pleh-gah-bleh)fountain la fuente (lah fwehn-teh)hammock la hamaca (lah ah-mah-kah)pond la charca/el estanque (lah chahr-kah/ehl ehs-tahn-keh)shade la sombra (lah sohm-brah)sun hat el sombrero (ehl sohm-breh-roh)swimming pool la piscina (lah pee-see-nah)swing el columpio (ehl koh-loom-pyoh)table la mesa (lah meh-sah)umbrella la sombrilla (lah sohm-bree-yah)Verbsto add añadir (ah-nyah-deer)to blow soplar (soh-plahr)to bring traer (trah-ehr)to brush cepillar (seh-pee-yahr)In the Garden and on the Patio 67to clean limpiar (leem-pyahr)to cut cortar (kohr-tahr)to dig excavar (ehs-kah-bahr)to grow (cultivate) cultivar (kool-tee-bahr)to grow (in size) crecer (kreh-sehr)to load cargar (kahr-gahr)to measure medir (i) (meh-deer)to mix mezclar (mehs-klahr)to move mover (ue) (moh-behr)to plant plantar/sembrar (ie) (plahn-tahr/sehm-brahr)to prepare preparar (preh-pah-rahr)to prune podar (poh-dahr)to pull out arrancar (ah-rrahn-kahr)to rake rastrillar (rrahs-tree-yahr)to spray rociar (rroh-syahr)to sweep barrer (bah-rrehr)to take out sacar (sah-kahr)to unload descargar (dehs-kahr-gahr)to water regar (ie) (rreh-gahr)Taking Care of the PoolEl cuidado de la piscina(ehl kwee-dah-doh deh lah pee-see-nah)Let’s not forget the swimming pool (la piscina [lah pee-see-nah]) and thefact that it requires special attention. It must be cleaned regularly and mustalways meet your town’s ordinances.bleach la lejía (lah leh-hee-ah)brush el cepillo (ehl seh-pee-yoh)chlorine el cloro (ehl kloh-roh)cover la cubierta (lah koo-byehr-tah)crack la grieta (lah gryeh-tah)diving board el trampolín (ehl trahm-poh-leen)drain el desagüe (ehl deh-sah-gweh)fence la cerca (lah sehr-kah)filter el filtro (ehl feel-troh)68 Spanish Around the Househeater el calentador (ehl kah-lehn-tah-dohr)ladder la escalera (lah ehs-kah-leh-rah)net la red (lah rrehd)pump la bomba (lah bohm-bah)thermometer el termómetro (ehl tehr-moh-meh-troh)tile el azulejo (ehl ah-soo-leh-hoh)vacuum la aspiradora (lah ahs-pee-rah-doh-rah)PetsLos animales domésticos(lohs ah-nee-mah-lehs doh-mehs-tee-kohs)Pets are often an important part of the household. They add joy to a fam-ily’s leisure time, but they also require a lot of care, attention, and love.Here are some useful words and expressions for dealing with pets:bird el pájaro (ehl pah-hah-roh)cat el gato (ehl gah-toh)dog el perro (ehl peh-rroh)fish el pez/los peces (ehl pehs/lohs peh-sehs)frog la rana (lah rrah-nah)goldfish el pez dorado (ehl pehs doh-rah-doh)guinea pig el cuy (ehl kwee)hamster el hámster (ehl ahms-tehr)parrot la cotorra (lah koh-toh-rrah)puppy el perrito (ehl peh-rree-toh)rabbit el conejo (ehl koh-neh-hoh)turtle la tortuga (lah tohr-too-gah)Parts of an Animal’s BodyLas partes del cuerpo de un animal(lahs pahr-tehs dehl kwehr-poh deh oon ah-nee-mahl)beak el pico (ehl pee-koh)claws las garras (lahs gah-rrahs)fangs los colmillos (lohs kohl-mee-yohs)In the Garden and on the Patio 69feathers las plumas (lahs ploo-mahs)fur la piel (lah pyehl)legs las patas (lahs pah-tahs)paws las patas (lahs pah-tahs)tail la cola (lah koh-lah)teeth los dientes (lohs dyehn-tehs)wings las alas (lahs ah-lahs)To talk about what your animals like to do, use the following:He/She/It likes . . . Le gusta… (leh goos-tah...)to bark. ladrar. (lah-drahr)to bite. morder (ue). (mohr-dehr)to climb. trepar. (treh-pahr)to do tricks. hacer trucos. (ah-sehr troo-kohs)to hide. esconderse. (ehs-kohn-dehr-seh)to run around. corretear. (koh-rreh-teh-ahr)to scratch. rascarse. (rrahs-kahr-seh)to scratch (the arañar (los muebles). (ah-rah-nyahr [lohs furniture). mweh-blehs])to sing. cantar. (kahn-tahr)to sleep. dormir (ue). (dohr-meer)Caring for PetsEl cuidado de los animales domésticos(ehl kwee-dah-doh deh lohs ah-nee-mah-lehs doh-mehs-tee-kohs)They live in a(n) . . . Viven en una... (bee-behn ehn una...)aquarium. pecera. (peh-seh-rah)box. caja. (kah-hah)cage. jaula. (ha-oo-lah)doghouse. casa de perro. (kah-sah deh peh-rroh)fishbowl. pecera. (peh-seh-rah)They live in . . . Viven en... (bee-behn ehn...)the apartment. el apartamento. (ehl ah-pahr-tah-mehn-toh)the house. la casa. (lah kah-sah)70 Spanish Around the Housethe yard. el patio. (ehl pah-tyoh)the stable. el establo. (ehl ehs-tah-bloh)They eat . . . Comen... (koh-mehn...)birdseed. semillas. (seh-mee-yahs)cat food. comida para gatos. (koh-mee-dah pah-rahgah-tohs)dog food. comida para perros. (koh-mee-dah pah-rah peh-rrohs)fish food. comida para peces. (koh-mee-dah pah-rahpeh-sehs)Verbsto bathe bañar (bah-nyahr)to brush cepillar (seh-pee-yahr)to feed dar de comer (dahr deh koh-mehr)to give water dar de beber (dahr deh beh-behr)to take care of cuidar de (kwee-dahr deh)to walk sacar a pasear (sah-kahr ah pah-seh-ahr)Some other words and expressions that will come in handy in caringfor pets are:His/Her name is . . . Se llama... (seh yah-mah...)He/She belongs to . . . Es de... (ehs deh...)He/She is X years old. Tiene X años. (tyeh-neh... ah-nyohs)He/She is . . . Es... (ehs...)friendly. amistoso. (ah-mees-toh-soh)healthy. saludable. (sah-loo-dah-bleh)male/female. macho/hembra. (mah-choh/ehm-brah)He/She is . . . Está... (ehs-tah...)sick. enfermo. (ehn-fehr-moh)spoiled. malcriado. (mahl-kryah-doh)trained. entrenado. (ehn-treh-nah-doh)He/She needs a . . . Necesita... (neh-seh-see-tah...)collar. un collar. (oon koh-yahr)leash. una correa. (oo-nah koh-rreh-ah)shot. una inyección/una vacuna. (oo-nah een-yehk-syohn/oo-nah bah-koo-nah)In the Garden and on the Patio 71He/She needs to go Necesita ir al... (neh-seh-see-tah eer ahl...)to the . . .park. parque. (pahr-keh)veterinarian. veterinario. (beh-teh-ree-nah-ryoh)Farm AnimalsLos animales en la finca(lohs ah-nee-mah-lehs ehn lah feen-kah)Farm animals are sometimes treated almost like pets. Here is a list of typ-ical farm animals:cow la vaca (lah bah-kah)donkey el burro (ehl boo-rroh)duck el pato (ehl pah-toh)goat la cabra (lah kah-brah)hen la gallina (lah gah-yee-nah)horse el caballo (ehl kah-bah-yoh)lamb la oveja (lah oh-beh-hah)mare la yegua (lah yeh-gwah)pig el cerdo (ehl sehr-doh)rooster el gallo (ehl gah-yoh)72 Spanish Around the HouseTradesLos oficios(lohs oh-fee-syohs)For home maintenence and repair you will deal with a number of differ-ent tradespeople. First, let’s begin with a list of the occupations that involvefixing or working in and around the house:bricklayer el/la albañil (ehl/lah ahl-bah-nyeel)carpenter el carpintero/la carpintera (ehl kahr-peen-teh-roh/lah kahr-peen-teh-rah)chimney sweep el deshollinador/la deshollinadora (ehldehs-oh-yee-nah-dohr/lah dehs-oh-yee-nah-doh-rah)contractor el/la contratista (ehl/lah kohn-trah-tees-tah)electrician el/la electricista (ehl/lah eh-lehk-tree-sees-tah)736Fixing the HousePara reparar la casa(pah-rah rreh-pah-rahr lah kah-sah)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. exterminator el fumigador/la fumigadora (ehl foo-mee-gah-dohr/lah foo-mee-gah-doh-rah)gardener el jardinero/la jardinera (ehl hahr-dee-neh-roh/lah hahr-dee-neh-rah)helper el/la ayudante (ehl/lah ah-yoo-dahn-teh)laborer el obrero/la obrera (ehl oh-breh-roh/lah oh-breh-rah)locksmith el cerrajero/la cerrajera (ehl seh-rrah-heh-roh/lah seh-rrah-heh-rah)painter el pintor/la pintora (ehl peen-tohr/lahpeen-toh-rah)plumber el plomero/la plomera (ehl ploh-meh-roh/lah ploh-meh-rah)In Spanish you may find that some occupations do not have aparticular title. So, it may be easier at times to ask for the person who fixesthe roof, la persona que arregla el techo (lah pehr-soh-nah keh ah-rreh-glah ehl teh-choh), etc.Explaining ProblemsPara explicar los problemas(pah-rah ehs-plee-kahr lohs proh-bleh-mahs)Things do not always go the way we expect. All too often, gadgets andappliances in the house break down or do not work properly. It is impor-tant to be able to explain the problems as clearly as possible. These phrasesshould help you to do so:I have a problem with . . . Tengo un problema con... (tehn-gohoon proh-bleh-mah kohn...)It is not working. No funciona. (noh foon-syoh-nah)It is broken. Está roto./Se rompió. (ehs-tah rroh-toh/seh rrohm-pyoh)It cracked. Se quebró. (seh keh-broh)It split (up/into two). Se partió. (seh pahr-tyoh)74 Spanish Around the HouseIt is loose. Está flojo. (ehs-tah floh-hoh)It is clogged. Está atascado. (ehs-tah ah-tahs-kah-doh)Can you come immediately? ¿Puede venir inmediatamente? (pweh-deh beh-neer een-meh-dyah-tah-mehn-teh)My address is . . . Mi dirección es... (mee dee-rehk-syohnehs...)To describe where a problem exists, you need to learn the followingexpressions:Where is the problem? ¿Dónde está el problema? (dohn-dehehs-tah ehl proh-bleh-mah)The problem seems to be El problema parece estar en... (ehl proh-in the/on the . . . bleh-mah pah-reh-seh ehs-tahr ehn...)back/bottom. el fondo. (ehl fohn-doh)corner (inside). el rincón. (ehl rreen-kohn)corner (outside). la esquina. (lah ehs-kee-nah)edge. el borde. (ehl bohr-deh)end. la punta. (lah poon-tah)front. el frente. (ehl frehn-teh)middle. el medio. (ehl meh-dyoh)surface. la superficie. (lah soo-pehr-fee-syeh)Here are some of the household devices that may need to be repairedfrom time to time:fan el ventilador (ehl behn-tee-lah-dohr)garage door la puerta del garage (lah pwehr-tahdehl gah-rah-heh)heater el calentador (ehl kah-lehn-tah-dohr)security system el sistema de seguridad (ehl sees-teh-mah deh seh-goo-ree-dahd)Take some time to review the vocabulary in Chapter 3, “The House.”This will help you express yourself when you explain what needs to berepaired.Fixing the House 75Finalizing the ContractPara finalizar el contrato(pah-rah fee-nah-lee-sahrehl kohn-trah-toh)Some questions you may ask when finalizing a contract involve the priceand the estimated time it will take to finish the job. As you know, these aresome of the most important aspects that need to be discussed before workbegins.Can you give me an estimate ¿Puede darme un presupuesto por in writing? escrito? (pweh-deh dahr-meh oonpreh-soo-pwehs-toh pohr ehs-kree-toh)How much is it going to ¿Cuánto me va a costar? (kwahn-toh cost me? meh bah ah kohs-tahr)Do I have to sign a contract? ¿Tengo que firmar un contrato? (tehn-goh keh feer-mahr oon kohn-trah-toh)It is too expensive. Es demasiado caro. (ehs deh-mah-syah-doh kah-roh)Can we negotiate the price? ¿Podemos negociar el precio? (poh-deh-mohs neh-goh-syahr ehl preh-syoh)I need to discuss it with my Necesito discutirlo con mi esposo/esposa.husband/wife. (neh-seh-see-toh dees-koo-teer-lohkohn mee ehs-poh-soh/ehs-poh-sah)When can you start? ¿Cuándo puede empezar? (kwahn-dohpweh-deh ehm-peh-sahr)How long is it going to take to ¿Cuánto tiempo va a tardar en terminar finish the job? el trabajo? (kwahn-toh tyehm-poh bahah tahr-dahr ehn tehr-mee-nahr ehltrah-bah-hoh)Can you finish the work by . . . ? ¿Puede terminar el trabajo para el...?(pweh-deh tehr-mee-nahr ehl trah-bah-hoh pah-rah ehl...)Do you have insurance? ¿Tiene Ud. seguro? (tyeh-neh oos-tehdseh-goo-roh)76 Spanish Around the HouseCan I pay you cash/with a ¿Puedo pagarle en efectivo/con un check/with a credit card? cheque/con una tarjeta de crédito?(pweh-doh pah-gahr-leh ehn eh-fehk-tee-boh/kohn oon cheh-keh/kohnoo-nah tahr-heh-tah deh kreh-dee-toh)Do you guarantee your work? ¿Garantiza Ud. el trabajo? (gah-rahn-tee-sah oos-tehd ehl trah-bah-hoh)For how long do you guarantee ¿Por cuánto tiempo garantiza el trabajo?the job? (pohr kwahn-toh tyehm-poh gah-rahn-tee-sah ehl trah-bah-hoh)The home owner is never finished when it comes to fixing up thehouse. Wear and tear, the elements, the age of the house, or simply a desireto redecorate can keep a home owner quite busy. At the beginning of thischapter we listed the names of some of the trades related to home repair.The following section provides more detailed vocabulary related to themost common trades. Although we have labeled the lists, you will find thatthis vocabulary often overlaps categories.Remember: when you deal with any contractor, make sure you alwayscheck references!The ElectricianEl/la electricista(ehl/lah eh-lehk-tree-sees-tah)clamp la abrazadera (lah ah-brah-sah-deh-rah)electric cord el cordón eléctrico (ehl kohr-dohn eh-lehk-tree-koh)fuse box la caja de fusibles (lah kah-hah dehfoo-see-blehs)meter el contador (ehl kohn-tah-dohr)tape la cinta adhesiva/la cinta de pegar (lahseen-tah ahd-eh-see-bah/lah seen-tahdeh peh-gahr)wire el alambre (ehl ah-lahm-breh)Fixing the House 77Verbsto fix arreglar (ah-rreh-glahr)to plug enchufar (ehn-choo-fahr)to turn off apagar (ah-pah-gahr)to turn on encender (ie) (ehn-sehn-dehr)to unplug desenchufar (deh-sehn-choo-fahr)The PlumberEl plomero/la plomera(ehl ploh-meh-roh/lah ploh-meh-rah)faucet la llave/el grifo (lah yah-beh/ehl gree-foh)pipe el tubo (ehl too-boh)pipeline la tubería (lah too-beh-ree-ah)shower head la alcachofa de ducha (lah ahl-kah-choh-fah deh doo-chah)wrench la llave inglesa (lah yah-beh een-gleh-sah)Verbsto clog up atascar (ah-tahs-kahr)to unclog desatascar (dehs-ah-tahs-kahr)The PainterEl pintor/la pintora(ehl peen-tohr/lah peen-toh-rah)brush el cepillo (ehl seh-pee-yoh)can la lata (lah lah-tah)chisel el cincel (ehl seen-sehl)color el color (ehl koh-lohr)crack la grieta (lah gryeh-tah)hole el hoyo (ehl oh-yoh)78 Spanish Around the Houseladder la escalera (lah ehs-kah-leh-rah)paintbrush la brocha (lah broh-chah)paint la pintura (lah peen-too-rah)sandpaper el papel de lija (ehl pah-pehl deh lee-hah)scraper el raspador (ehl rrahs-pah-dohr)wall la pared (lah pah-rehd)wallpaper el papel de empapelar (ehl pah-pehldeh ehm-pah-peh-lahr)Verbsto lacquer pintar con laca (peen-tahr kohn lah-kah)to plaster enyesar (ehn-yeh-sahr)to plaster over a hole llenar/tapar un hoyo (yeh-nahr/tah-pahr oon oh-yoh)to sand lijar (lee-hahr)to wallpaper empapelar (ehm-pah-peh-lahr)The CarpenterEl carpintero/la carpintera(ehl kahr-peen-teh-roh/lah kahr-peen-teh-rah)block el bloque (ehl bloh-keh)brace la abrazadera (lah ah-brah-sah-deh-rah)drill el taladro (ehl tah-lah-droh)duct el conducto (ehl kohn-dook-toh)foundation la fundación/el cimiento (lah foon-dah-syohn/ehl see-myehn-toh)frame la armadura (lah ahr-mah-doo-rah)glue la cola/la goma (lah koh-lah/lah goh-mah)gutter el canal (ehl kah-nahl)hammer el martillo (ehl mahr-tee-yoh)hinge la bisagra (lah bee-sah-grah)Fixing the House 79insulation el aislamiento térmico (ehl ah-ees-lah-myehn-toh tehr-mee-koh)joint la unión (lah oo-nyohn)level el nivel (ehl nee-behl)measuring tape la cinta métrica/la cinta de medir (lahseen-tah meh-tree-kah/lah seen-tahdeh meh-deer)nail el clavo (ehl klah-boh)nut la tuerca (lah twehr-kah)plan el plano (ehl plah-noh)plane el cepillo/la garlopa (ehl seh-pee-yoh/lah gahr-loh-pah)pliers los alicates (lohs ah-lee-kah-tehs)rafter la viga (lah bee-gah)railing la baranda (lah bah-rahn-dah)saw el cerrucho (ehl seh-rroo-choh)scaffold el andamio (ehl ahn-dah-myoh)screw el tornillo (ehl tohr-nee-yoh)screwdriver el destornillador (ehl dehs-tohr-nee-yah-dohr)shingles las tablillas (lahs tah-blee-yahs)stud el poste (ehl pohs-teh)toolbox la caja de herramientas (lah kah-hahdeh eh-rrah-myehn-tahs)trim la moldadura (lah mohl-dah-doo-rah)trowel la paleta/la llana (lah pah-leh-tah/lahyah-nah)Verbsto measure medir (i) (meh-deer)to mix mezclar (mehs-klahr)to pour echar (eh-chahr)to staple sujetar con grapas (soo-heh-tahr kohngrah-pahs)80 Spanish Around the HouseConstruction MaterialsLos materiales de construcción(lohs mah-teh-ryah-lehs deh kohns-trook-syohn)asphalt el asfalto (ehl ahs-fahl-toh)brass el latón (ehl lah-tohn)brick el ladrillo (ehl lah-dree-yoh)bronze el bronce (ehl brohn-seh)cement el cemento (ehl seh-mehn-toh)clay la arcilla (lah ahr-see-yah)concrete el hormigón/el concreto (ehl ohr-mee-gohn/ehl kohn-kreh-toh)copper el cobre (ehl koh-breh)flagstone la losa (lah loh-sah)glass el vidrio (ehl bee-dryoh)gravel la grava (lah grah-bah)iron el hierro (ehl yeh-rroh)linoleum el linóleo (ehl lee-noh-leh-oh)lumber la madera (lah mah-deh-rah)marble el mármol (ehl mahr-mohl)mortar el mortero (ehl mohr-teh-roh)plaster el yeso (ehl yeh-soh)plastic el plástico (ehl plahs-tee-koh)plywood la madera contrachapada (lah mah-deh-rah kohn-trah-chah-pah-dah)putty la masilla (lah mah-see-yah)rubber la goma (lah goh-mah)sand la arena (lah ah-reh-nah)slab la losa (lah loh-sah)steel el acero (ehl ah-seh-roh)stone la piedra (lah pyeh-drah)stucco el estuco (ehl ehs-too-koh)tar la brea/el chapapote (lah breh-ah/ehlchah-pah-poh-teh)tile (roof ) la teja (lah teh-hah)tile (wall) el azulejo (ehl ah-soo-leh-hoh)Fixing the House 81tile (floor) la baldosa (lah bahl-doh-sah)wood la madera (lah mah-deh-rah)Measurements, Size, and WeightLas medidas, el tamaño, y el peso(lahs meh-dee-dahs, ehl tah-mah-nyoh, ee ehl peh-soh)What size is it? ¿De qué tamaño es? (deh keh tah-mah-nyoh ehs)How much does it measure? ¿Cuánto mide? (kwahn-toh mee-deh)It measures . . . Mide... (mee-deh...)a centimeter. un centímetro. (oon sehn-tee-meh-troh)a foot. un pie. (oon pyeh)an inch. una pulgada. (oo-nah pool-gah-dah)a meter. un metro. (oon meh-troh)a ton. una tonelada. (oo-nah toh-neh-lah-dah)a yard. una yarda. (oo-nah yahr-dah)What is . . . ? ¿Cuál es... ? (kwahl ehs...)the height la altura (lah ahl-too-rah)the length el largo (ehl lahr-goh)the weight el peso (ehlpeh-soh)the width el ancho (ehl ahn-choh)It is . . . Es... (ehs...)a cubic foot. un pie cúbico. (oon pyeh koo-bee-koh)a square foot. un pie cuadrado. (oon pyeh kwah-drah-doh)Verbsto measure medir (i) (meh-deer)to weigh pesar (peh-sahr)To learn how to express “half,” “a fourth,” etc., see “Fractions” in Chap-ter 14 on pages 157–58.82 Spanish Around the HouseBy becoming familiar with the places and sites around town your familyuses regularly your employees will be better able to help you. It is alsoimportant for them to learn how to get around town. Once they learn toget from one place to another, they will be able to help with errands andother activities outside the home.Around the NeighborhoodPor el barrio(pohr ehl bah-rryoh)beauty salon el salón de belleza (ehl sah-lohn dehbeh-yeh-sah)church la iglesia (lah ee-gleh-syah)clinic la clínica (lah klee-nee-kah)clothing store la tienda de ropa (lah tyehn-dah dehrroh-pah)college la universidad (lah oo-nee-behr-see-dahd)837Places Around TownLos lugares en el pueblo(lohs loo-gah-rehs ehn ehl pweh-bloh)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. community center el centro social (ehl sehn-troh soh-syahl)courthouse la corte (lah kohr-teh)dentist’s office la consulta del dentista (lah kohn-sool-tah dehl dehn-tees-tah)department store el almacén (ehl ahl-mah-sehn)doctor’s office la consulta del médico (lah kohn-sool-tah dehl meh-dee-koh)downtown el centro (ehl sehn-troh)drugstore la farmacia (lah fahr-mah-syah)fire station la estación de bomberos (lah ehs-tah-syohn deh bohm-beh-rohs)florist la florería (lah floh-reh-ree-ah)grocery store la tienda de comida (lah tyehn-dah dekoh-mee-dah)gas station la gasolinera (lah gah-soh-lee-neh-rah)hospital el hospital (ehl ohs-pee-tahl)jail la cárcel (lah kahr-sehl)library la biblioteca (lah bee-blyoh-teh-kah)mall el centro comercial (ehl sehn-troh koh-mehr-syahl)mosque la mezquita (lah mehs-kee-tah)movie theater el cine (ehl see-neh)museum el museo (ehl moo-seh-oh)office la oficina (lah oh-fee-see-nah)park el parque (ehl pahr-keh)police station el cuartel de policía (ehl kwahr-tehl dehpoh-lee-see-ah)post office el correo (ehl koh-rreh-oh)restaurant el restaurante (ehl rrehs-tah-oo-rahn-teh)school la escuela (lah ehs-kweh-lah)synagogue la sinagoga (lah see-nah-goh-gah)temple el templo (ehl tehm-ploh)theater el teatro (ehl teh-ah-troh)university la universidad (lah oo-nee-behr-see-dahd)84 Spanish Around the Housevideo store la tienda de vídeos (lah tyehn-dah dehbee-deh-ohs)zoo el zoológico (ehl soh-loh-hee-koh)In addition to the places and sites listed above, a typical neighborhoodalso has the following features:avenue la avenida (lah ah-beh-nee-dah)block la cuadra (lah kwah-drah)boulevard el paseo (ehl pah-seh-oh)bridge el puente (ehl pwehn-teh)building el edificio (ehl eh-dee-fee-syoh)bus stop la parada de autobuses (lah pah-rah-dah deh ah-oo-toh-boo-sehs)corner la esquina (lah ehs-kee-nah)fence la cerca (lah sehr-kah)fountain la fuente (lah fwehn-teh)intersection la bocacalle (lah boh-kah-kah-yeh)mailbox el buzón (ehl boo-sohn)newsstand el quiosco (ehl kyohs-koh)one-way street la calle de dirección única (lah kah-yehdeh dee-rehk-syohn oo-nee-kah)parking lot el estacionamiento (ehl ehs-tah-syoh-nah-myehn-toh)parking meter el parquímetro (ehl pahr-kee-meh-troh)pedestrian crossing el paso de peatones (ehl pah-soh dehpeh-ah-toh-nehs)sidewalk la acera (lah ah-seh-rah)sign el letrero (ehl leh-treh-roh)skyscraper el rascacielos (ehl rrahs-kah-syeh-lohs)square la plaza (lah plah-sah)square block la manzana (la mahn-sah-nah)street la calle (lah kah-yeh)subway station la estación de metro (lah ehs-tah-syohndeh meh-troh)taxi stand la parada de taxis (lah pah-rah-dahdeh tahk-sees)Places Around Town 85traffic el tránsito (ehl trahn-see-toh)train station la estación de trenes (lah ehs-tah-syohndeh treh-nehs)tunnel el túnel (ehl too-nehl)Traffic SignsLas señales de tráfico(lahs seh-nyah-lehs deh trah-fee-koh)railroad crossing el cruce de ferrocarril (ehl kroo-seh dehfeh-rroh-kah-rreel)right of way sign la señal de preferencia (lah seh-nyahldeh preh-feh-rehn-syah)stop sign la señal de parar (lah seh-nyahl dehpah-rahr)traffic light el semáforo (ehl seh-mah-foh-roh)Do not enter! ¡Dirección prohibida! (dee-rehk-syohnproh-ee-bee-dah)School crossing! ¡Cruce escolar! (kroo-seh ehs-koh-lahr)Stop! ¡Pare! (pah-reh)Yield! ¡Ceda! (seh-dah)Getting Around TownPara ir de un lugar a otro(pah-rah eer deh oon loo-gahr ah oh-troh)Sometimes you or your employee may need to ask for directions or formore information on how to get to a place.I am lost. Estoy perdido/perdida. (ehs-toh-eepehr-dee-doh/pehr-dee-dah)Would you tell me where . . . is? ¿Podría decirme dónde está...? (poh-dree-ah deh-seer-meh dohn-dehehs-tah...)86 Spanish Around the HouseIt is . . . Está... (ehs-tah...)at the intersection of . . . en el cruce de... (ehn ehl kroo-sehdeh...)behind . . . detrás de... (deh-trahs deh...)down the street. calle abajo. (kah-yeh ah-bah-hoh)downstairs. abajo. (ah-bah-hoh)facing . . . frente a... (frehn-teh ah...)far away. lejos. (leh-hohs)in front of . . . enfrente de... (ehn-frehn-tehdeh...)inside. adentro. (ah-dehn-troh)nearby. cerca. (sehr-kah)next to . . . al lado de... (ahl lah-doh deh...)on the corner. en la esquina. (ehn lah ehs-kee-nah)on the next block. en la próxima cuadra. (ehn lahprohk-see-mah kwah-drah)on the first (second/third . . . ) en el primer (segundo/tercer...) floor. piso. (ehn ehl pree-mehr [seh-goon-doh/tehr-sehr...] pee-soh)outside. afuera. (ah-fweh-rah)over there. allí. (ah-yee)to the east. al este. (ahl ehs-teh)to the north. al norte. (ahl nohr-teh)to the south. al sur. (ahl soor)to the west. al oeste. (ahl oh-ehs-teh)up the street. calle arriba. (kah-yeh ah-rree-bah)upstairs. arriba. (ah-rree-bah)X minutes away. a X minutos. (ah... mee-noo-tohs)X blocks away. a X cuadras. (ah... kwah-drahs)On foot you have to . . . A pie Ud. tiene que... (ah pyeh oos-tehd tyeh-neh keh...)continue straight ahead. seguir derecho. (seh-geer deh-reh-choh)cross . . . cruzar... (kroo-sahr...)Places Around Town 87take the first (second/ tomar la primera (segunda/tercera...)third . . .) street. calle. (toh-mahr lah pree-meh-rah [seh-goon-dah/tehr-seh-rah...]kah-yeh)turn left. doblar a la izquierda. (doh-blahrah lah ees-kyehr-dah)turn right. doblar a la derecha. (doh-blahr ahlah deh-reh-chah)You should take . . . Ud. debe tomar... (oos-tehd deh-behtoh-mahr...)a bus. un autobús. (oon ah-oo-toh-boos)a cab. un taxi. (oon tahk-see)a subway. un metro. (oon meh-troh)You should get off at . . . Ud. debe bajarse en... (oos-tehd deh-beh bah-hahr-seh ehn...)At the BankEn el banco(ehn ehl bahn-koh)At times, one of your employees may need to run a personal errand at thebank, or you may need to discuss finances in general. Here is a list ofvocabulary terms you may use:account la cuenta (lah kwehn-tah)ATM el cajero automático (ehl kah-heh-rohah-oo-toh-mah-tee-koh)bill el billete (ehl bee-yeh-teh)cash el dinero en efectivo (ehl dee-neh-rohehn eh-fek-tee-boh)change (loose coins) el suelto/el cambio (ehl swehl-toh/ehlkahm-byoh)check el cheque (ehl cheh-keh)checking account la cuenta corriente (lah kwehn-tahkoh-rryehn-teh)coin(s) la(s) moneda(s) (lah[s] moh-neh-dah[s])88 Spanish Around the Housecredit card la tarjeta de crédito (lah tahr-heh-tahdeh kreh-dee-toh)loan el préstamo (ehl prehs-tah-moh)money el dinero (ehl dee-neh-roh)savings account la cuenta de ahorros (lah kwehn-tahdeh ah-oh-rrohs)teller el cajero/la cajera (ehl kah-heh-roh/lahkah-heh-rah)traveler’s check el cheque de viajero (ehl cheh-keh dehbyah-heh-roh)window la ventanilla (lah behn-tah-nee-yah)Verbsto borrow pedir (i) prestado (peh-deer prehs-tah-doh)to cash cobrar/cambiar (koh-brahr/kahm-byahr)to deposit depositar/hacer un depósito (deh-poh-see-tahr/ah-sehr oon deh-poh-see-toh)to exchange cambiar (kahm-byahr)to save ahorrar (ah-oh-rrahr)to withdraw sacar (sah-kahr)At the Post OfficeEn la oficina de correos(ehn lah oh-fee-see-nah deh koh-rreh-ohs)Do you need some errands done at the post office? Here is a list of expres-sions you may use when asking someone to do an errand for you at thepost office:address la dirección (lah dee-rehk-syohn)airmail el correo aéreo (ehl koh-rreh-oh ah-eh-reh-oh)certified certificado (sehr-tee-fee-kah-doh)envelope el sobre (ehl soh-breh)Places Around Town 89express urgente (oor-hehn-teh)letter la carta (lah kahr-tah)mail carrier el cartero (ehl kahr-teh-roh)mailbox el buzón (ehl boo-sohn)money order el giro postal (ehl hee-roh pohs-tahl)package el paquete (ehl pah-keh-teh)post office box el apartado postal (ehl ah-pahr-tah-doh pohs-tahl)postcard la tarjeta postal (lah tahr-heh-tahpohs-tahl)sender el remitente (ehl rreh-mee-tehn-teh)shipping charge el costo de envío (ehl kohs-toh deh ehn-bee-oh)stamp la estampilla/el sello (lah ehs-tahm-pee-yah/ehl seh-yoh)zip code la zona postal (lah soh-nah pohs-tahl)Verbsto deliver repartir (rreh-pahr-teer)to pick up recoger (rreh-koh-hehr)to mail echar al correo (eh-chahr ahl koh-rreh-oh)to send enviar/mandar (ehn-byahr/mahn-dahr)to take llevar (yeh-bahr)In the Barbershop/Beauty SalonEn la barbería/la peluquería(ehn lah bahr-beh-ree-ah/lah peh-loo-keh-ree-ah)Many barbershops and beauty salons are operated by Spanish speakers.You’ll create an excellent impression if you can request services in Span-ish. (Note that, as before, we list adjectives in their masculine singular formonly.)90 Spanish Around the Houseappointment la cita (lah see-tah)beard la barba (lah bahr-bah)curly rizado (rree-sah-doh)dry seco (seh-koh)gray hair la cana (lah kah-nah)greasy grasoso (grah-soh-soh)hair color el tinte (ehl teen-teh)hair el pelo/el cabello (ehl peh-loh/ehl kah-beh-yoh)hair conditioner el acondicionador de pelo (ehl ah-kohn-dee-syoh-nah-dohr deh peh-loh)hairbrush el cepillo de pelo (ehl seh-pee-yoh dehpeh-loh)haircut el corte de pelo (ehl kohr-teh deh peh-loh)hairdresser el barbero; el peluquero/la peluquera(ehl bahr-beh-roh; ehl peh-loo-keh-roh/lah peh-loo-keh-rah)hairpin la horquilla (lah ohr-kee-yah)hairspray la laca para el pelo (lah lah-kah pah-rah ehl peh-loh)long largo (lahr-goh)manicure la manicura (lah mah-nee-koo-rah)massage el masaje (ehl mah-sah-heh)moustache el bigote (ehl bee-goh-teh)nail la uña (lah oo-nyah)nail file la lima de uñas (lah lee-mah deh oo-nyahs)nail polish la pintura de uñas (lah peen-too-rahdeh oo-nyahs)pedicure la pedicura (lah peh-dee-koo-rah)shampoo el champú (ehl chahm-poo)short corto (kohr-toh)sideburn la patilla (lah pah-tee-yah)straight lacio (lah-syoh)trim el recorte (ehl rreh-kohr-teh)Places Around Town 91wavy ondulado (ohn-doo-lah-doh)wet mojado (moh-hah-doh)Verbsto blow dry secar a mano (seh-kahr ah mah-noh)to curl rizar (rree-sahr)to cut cortar (kohr-tahr)to dry secar (seh-kahr)to dye teñir (i) (teh-nyeer)to file limar (lee-mahr)to paint pintar (peen-tahr)to shave afeitar (ah-feh-ee-tahr)to wash lavar (lah-bahr)92 Spanish Around the HouseYour employee may drive the family car, get gas, or take the car in forrepairs. You may also find it is useful to communicate in Spanish withSpanish-speaking personnel at your service station or repair shop. In anyof these situations, you will find the following vocabulary helpful:Types of VehiclesTipos de vehículos(tee-pohs deh beh-ee-koo-lohs)car el carro/el coche (ehl kah-rroh/ehl koh-cheh)motorcycle la motocicleta/la moto (lah moh-toh-see-kleh-tah/lah moh-toh)SUV el SUV (ehl eh-seh oo beh)truck el camión (ehl kah-myohn)van la camioneta (lah kah-myoh-neh-tah)938At the Service/Gas StationEn el taller de reparaciones/la gasolinera(ehn ehl tah-yehr deh rreh-pah-rah-syoh-nehs/lah gah-soh-lee-neh-rah)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. The Car (Inside and Out)El coche/el carro (por dentro y por fuera)(ehl koh-cheh/ehl kah-rroh pohr dehn-troh ee pohr fweh-rah)baby seat la sillita de seguridad para niños (lahsee-yee-tah deh seh-goo-ree-dahdpah-rah nee-nyohs)battery la batería (lah bah-teh-ree-ah)brakes el freno (ehl freh-noh)bumper el parachoques (ehl pah-rah-choh-kehs)car seat el asiento (ehl ah-syehn-toh)clutch el embrague (ehl ehm-brah-geh)cylinder el cilindro (ehl see-leen-droh)dashboard el tablero de instrumentos (ehl tah-bleh-roh deh eens-troo-mehn-tohs)distributor el delco (ehl dehl-koh)door la puerta (lah pwehr-tah)engine el motor (ehl moh-tohr)exhaust el escape (ehl ehs-kah-peh)fanbelt la correa del ventilador (lah koh-rreh-ah dehl behn-tee-lah-dohr)gear el engranaje (ehl ehn-grah-nah-heh)gear box la caja de cambios (lah kah-hah dehkahm-byohs)gearshift la palanca de cambio (lah pah-lahn-kah deh kahm-byoh)glove compartment la guantera (lah gwahn-teh-rah)grease el engrase (ehl ehn-grah-seh)hood el capó (ehl kah-poh)horn la bocina (lah boh-see-nah)horsepower los caballos de fuerza (lohs kah-bah-yohs deh fwehr-sah)hubcap el tapacubos (ehl tah-pah-koo-bohs)inner tube la cámara (de aire) (lah kah-mah-rah[deh ah-ee-reh])jack el gato (ehl gah-toh)94 Spanish Around the Houselicense plate el número de la matrícula (ehl noo-meh-roh deh lah mah-tree-koo-lah)lights las luces (lahs loo-sehs)mirror el espejo (ehl ehs-peh-hoh)motor el motor (ehl moh-tohr)mudguard el guardafango (ehl gwahr-dah-fahn-goh)muffler el silenciador (ehl see-lehn-syah-dohr)piston el émbolo (ehl ehm-boh-loh)radiator el radiador (ehl rrah-dyah-dohr)roof el techo (ehl teh-choh)spare tire la llanta de repuesto (lah yahn-tah dehrreh-pwehs-toh)spark plug la bujía (lah boo-hee-ah)spring el muelle (ehl mweh-yeh)starter el motor de arranque (ehl moh-tohrdeh ah-rrahn-keh)steering wheel el volante (ehl boh-lahn-teh)suspension la suspensión (lah soos-pehn-syohn)tire la llanta (lah yahn-tah)tire pressure la presión de los neumáticos (lah preh-syohn deh lohs neh-oo-mah-tee-kohs)transmission la transmisión (lah trahns-mee-syohn)transmission shaft el eje de transmisión (ehl eh-heh dehtrahns-mee-syohn)trunk el maletero (ehl mah-leh-teh-roh)valve la válvula (lah bahl-boo-lah)wheel la rueda (lah rrweh-dah)windshield el parabrisas (ehl pah-rah-bree-sahs)Verbsto accelerate acelerar (ah-seh-leh-rahr)to brake (stop) frenar (freh-nahr)to shift gears cambiar de velocidad (kahm-byahr dehbeh-loh-see-dahd)At the Service/Gas Station 95to start (the car) poner (el coche/el carro) en marcha(poh-nehr [ehl koh-cheh/ehl kah-rroh] ehn mahr-chah)to throw into gear embragar (ehm-brah-gahr)to throw out of gear desembragar (deh-sehm-brah-gahr)to turn off apagar (ah-pah-gahr)to work funcionar (foon-syoh-nahr)At the Gas StationEn la gasolinera(ehn lah gah-soh-lee-neh-rah)antifreeze el anticongelante (ehl ahn-tee-kohn-heh-lahn-teh)brake fluid el líquido de frenos (ehl lee-kee-dohdeh freh-nohs)gas can el bidón de gasolina (ehl bee-dohn dehgah-soh-lee-nah)gas pump la bomba de gasolina (lah bohm-bahdeh gah-soh-lee-nah)gas tank el tanque de gasolina (ehl tahn-keh dehgah-soh-lee-nah)gasoline la gasolina (lah gah-soh-lee-nah)motor oil el aceite (ehl ah-seh-ee-teh)Things to Do at the Service/Gas StationLo que se hace en el taller de reparaciones/lagasolinera(loh keh seh ah-seh ehn ehl tah-yehr deh rreh-pah-rah-syoh-nehs/lah gah-soh-lee-neh-rah)Please . . . Haga el favor de... (ah-gah ehl fah-bohr deh...)change theoil. cambiar el aceite. (kahm-byahr ehl ah-seh-ee-teh)96 Spanish Around the Housechange the wind- cambiar los limpiaparabrisas. (kahm-byahrshield wipers. lohs leem-pyah-pah-rah-bree-sahs)change the tire. cambiar la llanta. (kahm-byahr lah yahn-tah)check the brakes. revisar los frenos. (rreh-bee-sahr lohs freh-nohs)check the oil level. revisar el nivel de aceite. (rreh-bee-sahr ehlnee-behl deh ah-seh-ee-teh)check the tires. revisar las llantas. (rreh-bee-sahr lahsyahn-tahs)clean the windshield. limpiar el parabrisas. (leem-pyahr ehl pah-rah-bree-sahs)fill the gas tank. llenar el tanque de gasolina. (yeh-nahr ehltahn-keh deh gah-soh-lee-nah)fix the car. arreglar el coche/el carro. (ah-rreh-glahrehl koh-cheh/ehl kah-rroh)park. estacionar. (ehs-tah-syoh-nahr)push the car. empujar el coche/el carro. (ehm-poo-hahrehl koh-cheh/ehl kah-rroh)put air in the tires. inflar las llantas. (een-flahr lahs yahn-tahs)repair the car. reparar el coche/el carro. (rreh-pah-rahrehl koh-cheh/ehl kah-rroh)replace the spark reemplazar las bujías. (rrehm-plah-sahrplugs. lahs boo-hee-ahs)start the car. poner el coche (el carro) en marcha. (poh-nehr ehl koh-cheh [el kah-rroh] ehnmahr-chah)turn off the lights. apagar las luces. (ah-pah-gahr lahs loo-sehs)turn off the motor. apagar el motor. (ah-pah-gahr ehl moh-tohr)turn on the lights. encender las luces. (ehn-sehn-dehr lahsloo-sehs)At the Service/Gas Station 97Check-Ups and Repairs of the CarEl mantenimiento y arreglo del coche(ehl mahn-teh-nee-myehn-toh ee ah-rreh-gloh dehl koh-cheh)All cars need to be checked from time to time to keep them running well.When a car is malfunctioning, it is important to explain clearly what youwant done and to be specific about the problem. The following phrases willhelp you at the gas station or at the mechanic’s shop. Let’s hope you don’tneed them too often!Is there a mechanic here? ¿Hay un mecánico? (ah-ee oon meh-kah-nee-koh)Are you a mechanic? ¿Es Ud. mecánico? (ehs oos-tehd meh-kah-nee-koh)The car doesn’t run (well). El coche no anda (bien). (ehl koh-chehnoh ahn-dah [byehn])There is a knock in the motor. El motor tiene un ruido. (ehl moh-tohrtyeh-neh oon rrwee-doh)The battery is dead. La batería no funciona. (lah bah-teh-ree-ah noh foon-syoh-nah)Please check the car. Haga el favor de revisar el coche/elcarro. (ah-gah ehl fah-bohr deh rreh-bee-sahr ehl koh-cheh/ehl kah-rroh)What’s wrong? ¿Qué tiene? (keh tyeh-neh)How long will it take to fix ¿Cuánto tiempo necesita Ud. para the problem? arreglar el problema? (kwahn-tohtyehm-poh neh-seh-see-tah oos-tehdpah-rah ah-rreh-glahr ehl proh-bleh-mah)It is going to take X days. Va a tomar X días. (bah ah toh-mahr...dee-ahs)Verbsto have a breakdown tener una avería (teh-nehr oo-nah ah-beh-ree-ah)to have a dent tener una abolladura (teh-nehr oo-nahah-boh-yah-doo-rah)98 Spanish Around the Houseto have a flat tire tener un pinchazo/una llanta pinchada(teh-nehr oon peen-chah-soh/oo-nahyahn-tah peen-chah-dah)to have a leak in the tire tener un escape en la llanta (teh-nehroon ehs-kah-peh ehn lah yahn-tah)to run out of gas quedarse sin gasolina (keh-dahr-sehseen gah-soh-lee-nah)At the Service/Gas Station 99This page intentionally left blank.TransactionsLas transacciones(lahs trahn-sahk-syoh-nehs)With the growing Hispanic population in the United States, you may attimes need to communicate with Spanish-speaking personnel at a store.Wouldn’t it be nice to go to the grocery store, la bodega (lah boh-deh-gah),and do your shopping in Spanish? Let’s begin with some of the generalquestions needed for any kind of shopping, from the bodega to the depart-ment store.A salesperson may ask you:How can I help you? ¿En qué puedo servirle? (ehn keh pweh-doh sehr-beer-leh)You’ll need to learn a few ways to ask for a particular item.Do you have . . . ? ¿Tiene Ud...? (tyeh-neh oos-tehd...)I need . . . Necesito... (neh-seh-see-toh...)What brand is it? ¿De qué marca es? (deh keh mahr-kahehs)1019ShoppingDe compras(deh kohm-prahs)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. How much does it cost? ¿Cuánto cuesta? (kwahn-toh kwehs-tah)Can I pay with . . . ¿Puedo pagar con... (pweh-doh pah-gahr kohn...)a credit card? una tarjeta de crédito? (oo-nahtahr-heh-tah deh kreh-dee-toh)a check/a traveler’s check? un cheque/un cheque de viajero?(oon cheh-keh/oon cheh-keh dehbyah-heh-roh)Is tax included? ¿Está incluido el impuesto? (ehs-taheen-klwee-doh ehl eem-pwehs-toh)Sometimes you may find that you have to return an item you havebought. First, try to find the right person to talk to.I need to speak with the . . . Necesito hablar con... (neh-seh-see-tohah-blahr kohn...)manager. el/la gerente. (ehl/lah heh-rehn-teh)owner. el dueño/la dueña. (ehl dweh-nyoh/lah dweh-nyah)person in charge. el encargado/la encargada. (ehlehn-kahr-gah-doh/lah ehn-kahr-gah-dah)salesperson. el dependiente/la dependienta. (ehldeh-pehn-dyehn-teh/lah deh-pehn-dyehn-tah)Why do you want to return . . . ? ¿Por qué quiere devolver...? (pohr-kehkyeh-reh deh-bohl-behr...)I want/need to return . . . Quiero/Necesito devolver... porque...because . . . (kyeh-roh/neh-seh-see-toh deh-bohl-behr... pohr-keh...)It is not the brand I want. No es de la marca que quiero. (noh ehsdeh lah mahr-kah keh kyeh-roh)It is too . . . Es demasiado... (ehs deh-mah-syah-doh...)large. grande. (grahn-deh)small. pequeño/pequeña. (peh-keh-nyoh/peh-keh-nyah)102 Spanish Around the HouseI don’t like it. No me gusta. (noh meh goos-tah)I want my money back. Quiero que me devuelva el dinero.(kyeh-roh keh meh deh-bwehl-bah ehldee-neh-roh)Can you exchange it for ¿Me lo puede cambiar por otro/otra?another one? (meh loh pweh-deh kahm-byahr pohroh-troh/oh-trah)Shopping VocabularyVocabulario para hacer las compras(boh-kah-boo-lah-ryoh pah-rah ah-sehr lahs kohm-prahs)Here is a list of vocabulary terms useful for any type of shopping:aisle el pasillo (ehl pah-see-yoh)bag la bolsa (lah bohl-sah)bargain la ganga (lah gahn-gah)basket la cesta/la canasta (lah sehs-tah/lahkah-nahs-tah)bill (banknote) el billete (ehl bee-yeh-teh)bill (statement) la cuenta (lah kwehn-tah)box la caja (lah kah-hah)cart el carrito (ehl kah-rree-toh)cash register la caja (lah kah-hah)cashier el cajero/la cajera (ehl kah-heh-roh/lahkah-heh-rah)cent el centavo (ehl sehn-tah-boh)change (coins) el cambio (ehl kahm-byoh)change (money returned) la vuelta (lah bwehl-tah)check el cheque (ehl cheh-keh)checkout la caja (lah kah-hah)coin(s) la(s) moneda(s)/el cambio (lah[s] moh-neh-dah[s]/ehl kahm-byoh)counter el mostrador (ehl mohs-trah-dohr)coupon el cupón (ehl koo-pohn)credit card la tarjeta de crédito (lah tahr-heh-tahdeh kreh-dee-toh)Shopping 103debit card la tarjeta de cargo automático/de débito(lah tahr-heh-tah deh kahr-goh ah-oo-toh-mah-tee-koh/deh deh-bee-toh)dime diez centavos (dyehs sehn-tah-bohs)discount el descuento (ehl dehs-kwehn-toh)dollar el dólar (ehl doh-lahr)money el dinero (ehl dee-neh-roh)nickel cinco centavos (seen-koh sehn-tah-bohs)penny el centavo (ehl sehn-tah-boh)price el precio (ehl preh-syoh)quarter veinte y cinco centavos (beh-een-teh eeseen-koh sehn-tah-bohs)receipt el recibo (ehl rreh-see-boh)sales (reductions) las rebajas (lahs rreh-bah-hahs)shopping list la lista de compras (lah lees-tah dehkohm-prahs)size la talla/el tamaño (lah tah-yah/ehl tah-mah-nyoh)store window la vitrina (lah bee-tree-nah)Verbsto cost costar (ue) (kohs-tahr)to exchange cambiar (kahm-byahr)to need necesitar (neh-seh-see-tahr)to pay pagar (pah-gahr)to return devolver (ue) (deh-bohl-behr)to wrap envolver (ue) (ehn-bohl-behr)For more detailed lists relating to clothing, shoes, and jewelry, go toChapter 10.104Spanish Around the HouseAt the Grocery StoreEn la tienda de comestibles(ehn lah tyehn-dah deh koh-mehs-tee-blehs)Although large supermarkets sell almost anything that you need to feed afamily, specialized stores are still often available in many neighborhoods.They may include the following:bakery la panadería (lah pah-nah-deh-ree-ah)butcher shop la carnicería (lah kahr-nee-seh-ree-ah)dairy store la lechería (lah leh-cheh-ree-ah)farmer’s market el mercado al aire libre (ehl mehr-kah-doh ahl ah-ee-reh lee-breh)fish market la pescadería (lah pehs-kah-deh-ree-ah)fruit store la frutería (lah froo-teh-ree-ah)grocery store la bodega (lah boh-deh-gah)market el mercado (ehl mehr-kah-doh)pastry shop la pastelería (lah pahs-teh-leh-ree-ah)supermarket el supermercado (ehl soo-pehr-mehr-kah-doh)vegetable (produce) store la verdulería (lah behr-doo-leh-ree-ah)In addition to large supermarkets, your city may have bodegas (boh-deh-gahs), small grocery stores that are often owned and staffed by His-panics. Regardless of where you shop, you’ll enjoy having some vocabularyto communicate with Spanish-speaking employees. Review Chapter 4,which contains many lists of foods separated by categories. In the market,you’ll also need to ask where the different sections are. Here are the basics:bread el pan (ehl pahn)cleaning products los productos para la limpieza (lohsproh-dook-tohs pah-rah lah leem-pyeh-sah)condiments los condimentos (lohs kohn-dee-mehn-tohs)eggs los huevos (lohs weh-bohs)fish el pescado (ehl pehs-kah-doh)Shopping 105frozen food los alimentos congelados (lohs ah-lee-mehn-tohs kohn-heh-lah-dohs)meat la carne (lah kahr-neh)milk la leche (lah leh-cheh)pasta la pasta (lah pahs-tah)vegetables los vegetales (lohs beh-heh-tah-lehs)Verbsto look bad (an item) tener mala pinta (teh-nehr mah-lah peen-tah)to look good (an item) tener buena pinta (teh-nehr bweh-nahpeen-tah)Here are some basic questions and phrases:How much do you need? ¿Cuánto necesita? (kwahn-toh neh-seh-see-tah)How many do you need? ¿Cuántos/Cuántas necesita? (kwahn-tohs/kwahn-tahs neh-seh-see-tah)I need . . . Necesito... (neh-seh-see-toh...)a bag of . . . una bolsa de... (oo-nah bohl-sahdeh...)a bottle of . . . una botella de... (oo-nah boh-teh-yahdeh...)a box of . . . una caja de... (oo-nah kah-hah deh...)a bunch of . . . un atado/un racimo de... (oon ah-tah-doh/oon rrah-see-moh deh...)a can of . . . una lata de... (oo-nah lah-tah deh...)a dozen (of ) . . . una docena de... (oo-nah doh-seh-nahdeh...)a jar of . . . un pote/un jarro de... (oon poh-teh/oon hah-rroh deh...)a package of . . . un paquete de... (oon pah-keh-tehdeh...)a pair of . . . un par de... (oon pahr deh...)a pound of . . . una libra de... (oo-nah lee-brah deh...)one/two . . . uno/dos... (oo-noh/dohs...)106 Spanish Around the HouseA more detailed list of how to express quantities appears in Chapter 4on page 58; numbers are presented in Chapter 14.At the Pharmacy/DrugstoreEn la farmacia(ehn lah fahr-mah-syah)The most important things sold at a pharmacy are prescription and over-the-counter medications. You may want your employee to pick up a pre-scription medication at the pharmacy for you or a family member. Hereare some words and expressions that may be helpful. (Don’t forget thatyour employee may require written permission or a phone call to yourpharmacy in order to be able to pick up a prescription in your name.)Take this prescription to the Lleve esta receta a la farmacia, désela al drugstore, give it to the farmacéutico y espere allí. (yeh-beh pharmacist, and wait there. ehs-tah rre-seh-tah ah lah fahr-mah-syah, deh-seh-lah ahl fahr-mah-seh-oo-tee-koh ee ehs-peh-reh ah-yee)Remedies/CuresLos remedios(lohs rreh-meh-dyohs)antacids los antiácidos (lohs ahn-tyah-see-dohs)antibiotics los antibióticos (lohs ahn-tee-byoh-tee-kohs)antihistamines los antihistamínicos (lohs ahn-tees-tah-mee-nee-kohs)aspirin la aspirina (lah ahs-pee-ree-nah)bandages las vendas (lahs behn-dahs)band-aids las curitas (lahs koo-ree-tahs)cough syrup el jarabe para la tos (ehl hah-rah-behpah-rah lah tohs)creams las pomadas (lahs poh-mah-dahs)lotions las lociones (lahs loh-syoh-nehs)penicillin la penicilina (lah peh-nee-see-lee-nah)Shopping 107pills las píldoras (lahs peel-doh-rahs)thermometer el termómetro (ehl tehr-moh-meh-troh)throat lozenges las pastillas para la garganta (lahspahs-tee-yahs pah-rah lah gahr-gahn-tah)vitamins las vitaminas (lahs bee-tah-mee-nahs)ToiletriesLos artículos de tocador(lohs ahr-tee-koo-lohs deh toh-kah-dohr)blow dryer la secadora de pelo (lah seh-kah-doh-rah deh peh-loh)comb el peine (ehl peh-ee-neh)cotton el algodón (ehl ahl-goh-dohn)dental floss el hilo dental (ehl ee-loh dehn-tahl)deodorant el desodorante (ehl deh-soh-doh-rahn-teh)perfume el perfume (ehl pehr-foo-meh)powder (talcum) el talco (ehl tahl-koh)razor la navaja (lah nah-bah-hah)sanitary napkins los paños higiénicos (lohs pah-nyohsee-hyeh-nee-kohs)scissors (small) las tijeritas (lahs tee-heh-ree-tahs)shampoo el champú (ehl chahm-poo)soap el jabón (ehl hah-bohn)tampon el tampón (ehl tahm-pohn)toilet paper el papel higiénico (ehl pah-pehl ee-hyeh-nee-koh)toothbrush el cepillo de dientes (ehl seh-pee-yohdeh dyehn-tehs)toothpaste la pasta de dientes (lah pahs-tah dehdyehn-tehs)tweezers las pinzas (lahs peen-sahs)Unlike in Spanish-speaking countries, in the United States most toi-letries and personal hygiene items can be found at the drugstore, in addi-tion to prescription and over-the-counter medications.108 Spanish Around the HouseMake-UpLos cosméticos(lohs kohs-meh-tee-kohs)eye shadow la sombra de ojos (lah sohm-brah dehoh-hohs)eyebrow pencil el lápiz de cejas (ehl lah-pees deh seh-hahs)eyeliner el lápiz de ojos (ehl lah-pees deh oh-hohs)face powder el polvo (ehl pohl-boh)lip gloss el brillo de labios (ehl bree-yoh dehlah-byohs)lipstick el lápiz de labios (ehl lah-pees deh lah-byohs)rouge el colorete (ehl koh-loh-reh-teh)Other Pharmacy ItemsOtras cosas en la farmacia(oh-trahs koh-sahs ehn lah fahr-mah-syah)batteries las pilas (lahs pee-lahs)candles las velas (lahs beh-lahs)cigarettes los cigarrillos (lohs see-gah-rree-yohs)cigars los cigarros (lohs see-gah-rrohs)disposable cameras las cámaras desechables (lahs kah-mah-rahs deh-seh-chah-blehs)envelopes los sobres (lohs soh-brehs)film los rollos de película (lohs rroh-yohsdeh peh-lee-koo-lah)flashlights las linternas (lahs leen-tehr-nahs)greeting cards las tarjetas (las tahr-heh-tahs)lightbulbs los bombillas (lohs bohm-bee-yahs)magazines las revistas (lahs rreh-bees-tahs)matches los fósforos (lohs fohs-foh-rohs)newspapers los periódicos (lohs peh-ryoh-dee-kohs)Shopping 109postcards las tarjetas postales/las postales (lahstahr-heh-tahs pohs-tah-lehs/lahspohs-tah-lehs)sunglasses los anteojos de sol (lohs ahn-teh-oh-hohs deh sohl)suntan lotion los bronceadores (lohs brohn-seh-ah-doh-rehs)110 Spanish Around the HouseWith the exception of a few garments, men and women often wear thesame types of clothing. This greatly simplifies vocabulary learning.Articles of ClothingLas prendas de vestir(lahs prehn-dahs deh behs-teer)bathing suit el traje de baño (ehl trah-heh deh bah-nyoh)blazer la americana (lah ah-meh-ree-kah-nah)coat el abrigo/el sobretodo (ehl ah-bree-goh/ehl soh-breh-toh-doh)jacket el saco/la chaqueta (ehl sah-koh/lahchah-keh-tah)jeans los blue jeans/los vaqueros (lohs blooyeens/lohs bah-keh-rohs)overalls el overol (ehl oh-beh-rohl)pajamas el piyama (ehl pee-yah-mah)11110ClothingLa ropa(lah rroh-pah)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. pants los pantalones (lohs pahn-tah-loh-nehs)raincoat la gabardina/el impermeable (lahgah-bar-dee-nah/ehl eem-pehr-meh-ah-bleh)shirt la camisa (lah kah-mee-sah)shorts los pantalones cortos (lohs pahn-tah-loh-nehs kohr-tohs)socks los calcetines (lohs kahl-seh-tee-nehs)suit el traje (ehl trah-heh)sweater el suéter (ehl sweh-tehr)sweatshirt la sudadera (lah soo-dah-deh-rah)tee shirt la camiseta (lah kah-mee-seh-tah)uniform el uniforme (ehl oo-nee-fohr-meh)vest el chaleco (ehl chah-leh-koh)For WomenPara las damas(pah-rah lahs dah-mahs)blouse la blusa (lah bloo-sah)bra el sostén (ehl sohs-tehn)dress el vestido (ehl behs-tee-doh)evening dress el traje de noche (ehl trah-heh dehnoh-cheh)girdle la faja (lah fah-hah)panties las bragas (lahs brah-gahs)pantyhose los pantis/las pantimedias (lohs pahn-tees/lahs pahn-tee-meh-dyahs)skirt la falda (lah fahl-dah)slip la enagua (lah eh-nah-gwah)stockings (hose) las medias (lahs meh-dyahs)tights los leotardos (lohs leh-oh-tahr-dohs)112 Spanish Around the HouseFor MenPara los caballeros(pah-rah lohs kah-bah-yeh-rohs)briefs los calzoncillos (lohs kahl-sohn-see-yohs)tuxedo/black tie el traje de etiqueta (ehl trah-heh deheh-tee-keh-tah)undershirt la camiseta (lah kah-mee-seh-tah)When you want to say “a pair,” use un par de (oon pahr deh) � (nameof article of clothing).a pair of socks un par de calcetines (oon pahr dehkahl-seh-tee-nehs)To learn more vocabulary about the care and laundering of your cloth-ing or how to take various articles to the dry cleaners, go to Chapter 3 onpages 39–42. Also, see later in this chapter, “Clothing Accessories,” “Partsof Garments,” and “Materials.”Clothing AccessoriesLos complementos para la ropa(lohs kohm-pleh-mehn-tohs pah-rah lah rroh-pah)belt el cinturón (ehl seen-too-rohn)buckle la hebilla (lah eh-bee-yah)cap la gorra (lah goh-rrah)glove el guante (ehl gwahn-teh)handkerchief el pañuelo (ehl pah-nyweh-loh)hat el sombrero (ehl sohm-breh-roh)pocketbook el bolso/la cartera (ehl bohl-soh/lahkahr-teh-rah)purse el bolso/la cartera (ehl bohl-soh/lahkahr-teh-rah)scarf la bufanda (lah boo-fahn-dah)suspenders los tirantes (lohs tee-rahn-tehs)Clothing 113tie la corbata (lah kohr-bah-tah)wallet la billetera/la cartera (lah bee-yeh-teh-rah/lah kahr-teh-rah)ShoesLos zapatos(lohs sah-pah-tohs)Some words and expressions that you may need are:athletic shoes los zapatos deportivos (lohs sah-pah-tohs deh-pohr-tee-bohs)boots las botas (lahs boh-tahs)heel el tacón (ehl tah-kohn)pair el par (ehl pahr)sandals las sandalias (lahs sahn-dah-lyahs)shoe polish el betún (ehl beh-toon)shoelaces los cordones (lohs kohr-doh-nehs)size el número (ehl noo-meh-roh)sole la suela (lah sweh-lah)Parts of GarmentsLas partes de las prendas de vestir(lahs pahr-tehs deh lahs prehn-dahs deh behs-teer)button el botón (ehl boh-tohn)collar el cuello (ehl kweh-yoh)cuff el puño (ehl poo-nyoh)hem el falso (ehl fahl-soh)pocket el bolsillo (ehl bohl-see-yoh)sleeve la manga (lah mahn-gah)Verbsto fix arreglar (ah-rreh-glahr)to get dressed vestirse (i) (behs-teer-seh)to put on ponerse (poh-nehr-seh)114 Spanish Around the Houseto show mostrar (ue) (mohs-trahr)to take off quitarse (kee-tahr-seh)to undress desvestirse (i) (dehs-behs-teer-seh)to wear llevar (yeh-bahr)Note that many verbs used with clothing are reflexive. You may want toreview how to use reflexive verbs in Appendix B on pages 187–88.Shopping for ClothesPara comprar ropa(pah-rah kohm-prahr rroh-pah)When you go shopping, you often have in mind the size, style, color, andmaterial of the garment you want to buy. It will be important to know howto express your preferences to the salesperson. After all, as we say in Span-ish, “El hábito hace al monje” (ehl ah-bee-toh ah-seh ahl mohn-heh),which loosely translates as “Clothes make the man.”Talking About SizePara hablar de tamaño(pah-rah ah-blahr deh tah-mah-nyoh)What size is it? ¿De qué tamaño es? (deh keh tah-mah-nyoh ehs)It is large/medium/small. Es grande/mediano/pequeño. (ehsgrahn-deh/meh-dyah-noh/peh-keh-nyoh)What is the size of . . . ? ¿De qué talla es...? (deh keh tah-yahehs...)It is size . . . Es la talla número... (ehs lah tah-yahnoo-meh-roh...)Clothing 115Describing ClothingPara describir la ropa(pah-rah dehs-kree-beer lah rroh-pah)It is . . . Es... (ehs...)elegant. elegante. (eh-leh-gahn-teh)expensive. caro. (kah-roh)in bad taste. de mal gusto. (deh mahl goos-toh)in good taste. de buen gusto. (deh bwehn goos-toh)inexpensive. barato. (bah-rah-toh)pretty. lindo/bonito. (leen-doh/boh-nee-toh)ugly. feo. (feh-oh)It is . . . Está... (ehs-tah...)in style. de moda. (deh moh-dah)out of style. pasado de moda. (pah-sah-doh deh moh-dah)Verbsto fit loosely quedarle ancho (keh-dahr-leh ahn-choh)to fit tightly quedarle estrecho (keh-dahr-leh ehs-treh-choh)to fit (well/badly) quedarle (bien/mal) (keh-dahr-leh[byehn/mahl])to match hacer juego con (ah-sehr hweh-gohkohn)ColorsLos colores(lohs koh-loh-rehs)To ask the color of an object in Spanish, use the following question:What color is (the blouse)? ¿De qué color es (la blusa)? (deh kehkoh-lohr ehs [lah bloo-sah])(The blouse) is red. (La blusa) es roja. ([lah bloo-sah] ehsrroh-hah)116 Spanish Around the HouseRemember that colors are descriptive adjectives, and they must agreewith the noun they describe in gender and number. Also note that color,like most adjectives, is placed after the noun.Here is a list of some colors:black negro (neh-groh)blue azul (ah-sool)brown marrón (mah-rrohn)gray gris (grees)green verde (behr-deh)navy blue azul marino (ah-sool mah-ree-noh)orange anaranjado (ah-nah-rahn-hah-doh)pink rosado (rroh-sah-doh)purple violeta (byoh-leh-tah)red rojo (rroh-hoh)violet morado (moh-rah-doh)white blanco (blahn-koh)yellow amarillo (ah-mah-ree-yoh)When expressing dark and light colors, use oscuro (ohs-koo-roh) for“dark,” claro (klah-roh) for “light.” For example: azul oscuro (ah-sool ohs-koo-roh), verde claro (vehr-deh klah-roh), etc.PatternsLos diseños(lohs dee-seh-nyohs)The material is . . . La tela es... (lah teh-lah ehs...)flowered. floreada/de florecitas. (floh-re-ah-dah/dehfloh-reh-see-tahs)plaid. a cuadros. (ah kwah-drohs)polka dotted. de bolitas/de lunares. (deh boh-lee-tahs/deh loo-nah-rehs)printed. estampada. (ehs-tahm-pah-dah)striped. a rayas. (ah rrah-yahs)Clothing 117MaterialsLas telas(lahs teh-lahs)Knowing the materials your clothes are made of is important, not only forcomfort and durability, but also for their care.What is it made of? ¿De qué es? (deh keh ehs)It is made of . . . Es de... (ehs deh...)acrylic. acrílico. (ah-kree-lee-koh)corduroy. pana. (pah-nah)cotton. algodón. (ahl-goh-dohn)denim. mezclilla. (mehs-klee-yah)flannel. franela. (frah-neh-lah)fur. piel. (pyehl)lace. encaje. (ehn-kah-heh)leather. cuero. (kweh-roh)linen. lino. (lee-noh)nylon. nilón. (nee-lohn)polyester. poliéster. (poh-lyehs-tehr)rayon. rayón. (rrah-yohn)satin. satín. (sah-teen)silk. seda. (seh-dah)suede. ante. (ahn-teh)velvet. terciopelo. (tehr-syoh-peh-loh)wool. lana. (lah-nah)JewelryLas joyas(lahs hoh-yahs)Here are the names of some items of jewelry, for both men and women:It goes well with that/those . . . Va bien con ese/esa/esos/esas... (bahbyehn kohn eh-seh/eh-sah/eh-sohs/eh-sahs...)bracelet. (el) brazalete/(la) pulsera. ([ehl] brah-sah-leh-teh/[lah] pool-seh-rah)118 Spanish Around the Housebrooch. (el) broche. ([ehl] broh-cheh)chain. (la) cadena. ([lah] kah-deh-nah)cufflinks. (los) gemelos. ([lohs] heh-meh-lohs)earrings. (los) aretes/(los) pendientes. ([lohs] ah-reh-tehs/[lohs] pehn-dyehn-tehs)medallion. (la) medalla. ([lah] meh-dah-yah)necklace. (el) collar. ([ehl] koh-yahr)pendant. (la) medalla. ([lah] meh-dah-yah)pin. (el) alfiler. ([ehl] ahl-fee-lehr)ring. (el) anillo. ([ehl]ah-nee-yoh)wristwatch. (el) reloj de pulsera. ([ehl] reh-lohdeh pool-seh-rah)You’ll want to find out what your jewelry or proposed jewelry purchasesare made of. To make sure you are getting what you want—and canafford—here is some useful vocabulary:Of what (material) is it made? ¿De qué es? (deh keh ehs)It is made of . . . Es de... (ehs deh...)diamonds. diamantes. (dyah-mahn-tehs)emeralds. esmeraldas. (ehs-meh-rahl-dahs)gold. oro. (oh-roh)pearls. perlas. (pehr-lahs)rubies. rubíes. (rroo-bee-ehs)sapphires. zafiros. (sah-fee-rohs)silver. plata. (plah-tah)Clothing 119This page intentionally left blank.At the Doctor’s OfficeEn el consultorio del médico(ehn ehl kohn-sool-toh-ryoh dehl meh-dee-koh)Whether a family member is going in for a routine medical checkup orsomeone gets sick and needs medical attention (especially if it is a child oran elder) it is essential to have all the information at hand and to be famil-iar with basic medical terminology.Our doctor’s/pediatrician’s Nuestro médico/Nuestra médica;name is . . . Nuestro/Nuestra pediatra se llama...(nwehs-troh meh-dee-koh/nwehs-trah meh-dee-kah; nwehs-troh/nwehs-trah peh-dyah-trah seh yah-mah...)His/Her phone number is . . . Su número de teléfono es... (soo noo-meh-roh deh teh-leh-foh-noh ehs...)(Name) is allergic . . . Es alérgico/alérgica... (ehs ah-lehr-hee-koh/ah-lehr-hee-kah)to aspirin. a la aspirina. (ah lah ahs-pee-ree-nah)12111Family Health and Well-BeingLa salud y el bienestar de la familia(lah sah-lood ee ehl byehn-ehs-tahr deh lah fah-mee-lyah)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. to antibiotics. a los antibióticos. (ah lohs ahn-tee-byoh-tee-kohs)to bee stings. a la mordedura de las abejas. (ahlah mohr-deh-doo-rah deh lahsah-beh-hahs)to dust. al polvo. (ahl pohl-boh)to grass. a la hierba. (ah lah yehr-bah)to peanuts. al maní/a los cacahuetes. (ahlmah-nee/ah lohs kah-kah-weh-tehs)to perfume. al perfume. (ahl pehr-foo-meh)to pollen. al polen. (ahl poh-lehn)to shellfish. a los mariscos. (ah lohs mah-rees-kohs)I’m sick. Estoy enfermo/enferma. (ehs-toh-eeehn-fehr-moh/ehn-fehr-mah)Please call the doctor. Llame al médico, por favor. (yah-mehahl meh-dee-koh pohr fah-bohr)I have to go . . . Tengo que ir... (tehn-goh keh eer...)to the doctor’s office. a la consulta del médico/de lamédica. (ah lah kohn-sool-tahdehl meh-dee-koh/deh lah meh-dee-kah)to the hospital. al hospital. (ahl ohs-pee-tahl)Additional words that you may need include:allergy la alergia (lah ah-lehr-hyah)antidote el antídoto (ehl ahn-tee-doh-toh)appointment la cita (lah see-tah)contagious contagioso (kohn-tah-hyoh-soh)doctor el médico/la médica (ehl meh-dee-koh/lah meh-dee-kah)nurse el enfermero/la enfermera (ehl ehn-fehr-meh-roh/lah ehn-fehr-meh-rah)office hours las horas de consulta (lahs oh-rahs dehkohn-sool-tah)patient el/la paciente (ehl/lah pah-syehn-teh)122 Spanish Around the Houseprescription la receta (lah rreh-seh-tah)remedies los remedios (los rreh-meh-dyohs)specialist el/la especialista (ehl/lah ehs-peh-syah-lees-tah)vaccination la vacuna (lah bah-koo-nah)waiting room la sala de espera (lah sah-lah deh ehs-peh-rah)wound la herida (lah eh-ree-dah)Parts of the BodyLas partes del cuerpo(lahs pahr-tehs dehl kwehr-poh)ankle el tobillo (ehl toh-bee-yoh)arm el brazo (ehl brah-soh)back la espalda (lah ehs-pahl-dah)blood la sangre (lah sahn-greh)brain el cerebro (ehl seh-reh-broh)cheek la mejilla (lah meh-hee-yah)chest el pecho (ehl peh-choh)chin la barbilla (lah bahr-bee-yah)ear la oreja (lah oh-reh-hah)elbow el codo (ehl koh-doh)eye el ojo (ehl oh-hoh)eyebrow la ceja (lah seh-hah)face la cara (lah kah-rah)finger el dedo (ehl deh-doh)foot el pie (ehl pyeh)forehead la frente (lah frehn-teh)hair el pelo/el cabello (ehl peh-loh/ehl kah-beh-yoh)hand la mano (lah mah-noh)head la cabeza (lah kah-beh-sah)heart el corazón (ehl koh-rah-sohn)hip la cadera (lah kah-deh-rah)inner ear el oído (ehl oh-ee-doh)Family Health and Well-Being 123knee la rodilla (lah rroh-dee-yah)leg la pierna (lah pyehr-nah)lip el labio (ehl lah-byoh)mouth la boca (lah boh-kah)nail la uña (lah oo-nyah)neck el cuello (el kweh-yoh)nose la nariz (lah nah-rees)shoulder el hombro (ehl ohm-broh)skin la piel (lah pyehl)stomach el estómago (ehl ehs-toh-mah-goh)thigh el muslo (ehl moos-loh)throat la garganta (lah gahr-gahn-tah)toe el dedo del pie (ehl deh-doh dehl pyeh)tongue la lengua (lah lehn-gwah)tooth el diente (ehl dyehn-teh)waist la cintura (lah seen-too-rah)wrist la muñeca (lah moo-nyeh-kah)SymptomsLos síntomas(lohs seen-toh-mahs)I have . . . Tengo... (tehn-goh...)chills. escalofríos. (ehs-kah-loh-free-ohs)a cough. tos. (tohs)diarrhea. diarrea. (dyah-rreh-ah)dizziness. mareos. (mah-reh-ohs)an earache. dolor de oído. (doh-lohr deh oh-ee-doh)fever. fiebre. (fyeh-breh)gas. gases. (gah-sehs)a headache. dolor de cabeza. (doh-lohr deh kah-beh-sah)indigestion. indigestión. (een-dee-hehs-tyohn)phlegm. flema. (fleh-mah)a rash. una erupción. (oo-nah eh-roop-syohn)124 Spanish Around the Housea sore throat. dolor de garganta. (doh-lohr deh gahr-gahn-tah)a stomachache. dolor de estómago. (doh-lohr deh ehs-toh-mah-goh)I am . . . Estoy... (ehs-toh-ee...)anxious. ansioso. (ahn-syoh-soh)depressed. deprimido. (deh-pree-mee-doh)dizzy. mareado. (mah-reh-ah-doh)exhausted. agotado. (ah-goh-tah-doh)nauseous. mareado. (mah-reh-ah-doh)nervous. nervioso. (nehr-byoh-soh)out of breath. sin respiración. (seen rrehs-pee-rah-syohn)tired. cansado. (kahn-sah-doh)weak. débil. (deh-beel)Remember that for adjectives that end in -o, the -o changes to -a toform the feminine.Verbsto cough toser (toh-sehr)to faint desmayarse (dehs-mah-yahr-seh)to get dizzy marearse (mah-reh-ahr-seh)to sneeze estornudar (ehs-tohr-noo-dahr)to vomit vomitar (boh-mee-tahr)IllnessesLas enfermedades(lahs ehn-fehr-meh-dah-dehs)acne el acné (ehl ahk-neh)asthma el asma (ehl ahs-mah)bronchitis la bronquitis (lah brohn-kee-tees)chicken pox la varicela (lah bah-ree-seh-lah)a cold el resfriado/el catarro (ehl rrehs-fryah-doh/ehl kah-tah-rroh)Family Health and Well-Being 125constipation el estreñimiento (ehl ehs-treh-nyee-myehn-toh)diabetes la diabetes (lah dyah-beh-tehs)flu la gripe (lah gree-peh)measles el sarampión (ehl sah-rahm-pyohn)mononucleosis la mononucleosis (lah moh-noh-noo-kleh-oh-sees)mumps las paperas (lahs pah-peh-rahs)pneumonia la pulmonía (lah pool-moh-nee-ah)rubella la rubiola (lah rroo-byoh-lah)RecommendationsLas recomendaciones(lahs rreh-koh-mehn-dah-syoh-nehs)In order to get better, you Para mejorarse, Ud. debe... (pah-rah must . . . meh-hoh-rahr-seh oos-tehd deh-beh...)stay in bed. guardar cama. (gwahr-dahr kah-mah)take care of yourself. cuidarse. (kwee-dahr-seh)Here is the prescription. Aquí tiene la receta. (ah-kee tyeh-nehlah rreh-seh-tah)You have to take . . . Tiene que tomar... (tyeh-neh keh toh-mahr...)antibiotics. antibióticos. (ahn-tee-byoh-tee-kohs)antihistamines. antihistamínicos. (ahn-tees-tah-mee-nee-kohs)antacids. antiácidos. (ahn-tyah-see-dohs)aspirin. aspirina. (ahs-pee-ree-nah)cough syrup. jarabe para la tos. (hah-rah-behpah-rah lah tohs)penicillin. penicilina. (peh-nee-see-lee-nah). . . tablets (lozenges). pastillas de.... (pahs-tee-yahs deh...)vitamins. vitaminas. (bee-tah-mee-nahs)126 Spanish Around the HousePut on . . . Póngase... (pohn-gah-seh...)this antiseptic. este antiséptico. (ehs-teh ahn-tee-sehp-tee-koh)this cream. esta pomada. (ehs-tah poh-mah-dah)iodine. yodo. (yoh-doh)this liniment. este linimento. (ehs-teh lee-nee-mehn-toh)this lotion. esta loción. (ehs-tah loh-syohn)this powder. este polvo. (ehs-teh pohl-boh)Drink a lot of water. Tomemucha agua. (toh-meh moo-chah ah-gwah)Giving Medication to ChildrenPara darles medicina a los niños(pah-rah dahr-lehs meh-dee-see-nah ah lohs nee-nyohs)It is very important to make it clear to the caretaker what medications canbe given to a child, how much should be given, and when to give it.Give him/her . . . Déle... (deh-leh...)Don’t give him/her . . . No le dé... (noh leh deh...)How much should he/she take? ¿Cuánto debe tomar? (kwahn-toh deh-beh toh-mahr)He/She should take . . . Debe tomar... (deh-beh toh-mahr...)one (two . . . ) pill(s). una (dos...) píldora(s). (oo-nah[dohs...] peel-doh-rah[s])a teaspoonful. una cucharadita. (oo-nah koo-chah-rah-dee-tah)a tablespoonful. una cucharada. (oo-nah koo-chah-rah-dah)How often should he/she take ¿Cada cuánto tiempo tiene que tomar lathe medicine? medicina? (kah-dah kwahn-tohtyehm-poh tyeh-neh keh toh-mahrlah meh-dee-see-nah)Family Health and Well-Being 127He/She has to take the Tiene que tomar la medicina... (tyeh-medicine . . . neh keh toh-mahr lah meh-dee-see-nah...)every X hours. cada X horas. (kah-dah... oh-rahs)once a day. una vez al día. (oo-nah behs ahldee-ah)X times a day. X veces al día. (... beh-sehs ahldee-ah)X times a week. X veces a la semana. (... beh-sehsah lah seh-mah-nah)in the morning. por la mañana. (pohr lah mah-nyah-nah)in the afternoon. por la tarde. (pohr lah tahr-deh)at night. por la noche. (pohr lah noh-cheh)between meals. entre comidas. (ehn-treh koh-mee-dahs)before breakfast/ antes del desayuno/del almuerzo/lunch/dinner. de la cena. (ahn-tehs dehl deh-sah-yoo-noh/dehl ahl-mwehr-soh/deh lah seh-nah)with food. con comida. (kohn koh-mee-dah)after meals. después de las comidas. (dehs-pwehs deh lahs koh-mee-dahs)AccidentsLos accidentes(lohs ahk-see-dehn-tehs)Many of the verbs used to talk about accidents are reflexive verbs. Forexample:to break romperse (rrohm-pehr-seh)to burn quemarse (keh-mahr-seh)to cut cortarse (kohr-tahr-seh)to fall caerse (kah-ehr-seh)to hit golpearse (gohl-peh-ahr-seh)to sprain torcerse (tohr-sehr-seh)128 Spanish Around the HouseTo review the conjugation of reflexive verbs, go to Appendix B on pages187–88. You will need to use the preterite tense to talk about what hap-pened to you or to someone else. To review the Spanish preterite, see alsoAppendix B on pages 193–97.What happened to him/her? ¿Qué le pasó? (keh leh pah-soh)He/She broke his/her . . . Se rompió el/la/los/las (part of body)(part of body) (seh rrohm-pyoh ehl/lah/lohs/lahs...)He/She has a(n) . . . (part Tiene el/la... (part of body) (tyeh-neh of body). ehl/lah...)broken roto (rroh-toh)burned quemado (keh-mah-doh)infected infectado (een-fehk-tah-doh)swollen hinchado (een-chah-doh)twisted torcido (tohr-see-doh)It is necessary . . . Hay que... (ah-ee keh...)to bandage the wound. vendar la herida. (behn-dahr laheh-ree-dah)to clean the wound. limpiar la herida. (leem-pyahr laheh-ree-dah)Medical Equipment and DevicesLos aparatos médicos(lohs ah-pah-rah-tohs meh-dee-kohs)band-aid la curita (lah koo-ree-tah)bandage la venda (lah behn-dah)cane el bastón (ehl bahs-tohn)cast el yeso (ehl yeh-soh)crutches las muletas (lahs moo-leh-tahs)stitches los puntos (lohs poon-tohs)thermometer el termómetro (ehl tehr-moh-meh-troh)wheelchair la silla de ruedas (lah see-yah dehrrweh-dahs)Family Health and Well-Being 129In an EmergencyEn una emergencia(ehn oo-nah eh-mehr-hehn-syah)We hope that you and your employees will never encounter any emergen-cies, but in the event that you do, it is important to have a routine in place.First, your family members and anyone who is involved in your family’swell-being must know how to call 911 (or other local emergency numbers),give the relevant address, and state the problem. In case of fire, all mem-bers of the household should know what your plan of escape is. For exam-ple: everyone must get out of the house or apartment, meet at a certainplace, and call 911, the fire department, or other emergency services (ifthey have not yet been summoned).Call 911. Llame al 911. (yah-meh ahl nweh-behohn-seh)The address is . . . La dirección es... (lah dee-rehk-syohnehs...)Call the police. Llame a la policía. (yah-meh ah lahpoh-lee-see-ah)There is a fire at . . . Hay un fuego en... (ah-ee oon fweh-goh ehn...)Call the fire department. Llame a los bomberos. (yah-meh ahlohs bohm-beh-rohs)Someone has robbed the house. Alguien ha saqueado la casa. (ahl-gyehn ah sah-keh-ah-doh lah kah-sah)There has been an accident. Ha habido un accidente. (ah ah-bee-doh oon ahk-see-dehn-teh)He/She is . . . Está... (ehs-tah...)bleeding. sangrando. (sahn-grahn-doh)choking. asfixiándose. (ahs-feek-syahn-doh-seh)dizzy. mareado. (mah-reh-ah-doh)suffocating. asfixiándose. (ahs-feek-syahn-doh-seh)unconscious. inconsciente. (een-kohn-syehn-teh)vomiting. vomitando. (boh-mee-tahn-doh)wounded. herido. (eh-ree-doh)130 Spanish Around the HouseHe/She can’t breathe. No puede respirar. (noh pweh-dehrrehs-pee-rahr)He/She has . . . Tiene... (tyeh-neh...)a burn. una quemadura. (oo-nah keh-mah-doo-rah)convulsions. convulsiones. (kohn-bool-syoh-nehs)a rash. una erupción. (oo-nah eh-roop-syohn)A dog bit him/her. Un perro lo/la mordió. (oon peh-rrohloh/lah mohr-dyoh)He/She fell into the pool. Se cayó en la piscina. (seh kah-yoh ehnlah pee-see-nah)I need an ambulance. Necesito una ambulancia. (neh-seh-see-toh oo-nah ahm-boo-lahn-syah)Here are some words that can be shouted in an emergency.Be careful! ¡Cuidado! (kwee-dah-doh)Fire! ¡Fuego! (fweh-goh)Help! ¡Socorro! (soh-koh-rroh)Hurry up! ¡Dese prisa! (deh-seh pree-sah)Listen! ¡Escuche! (ehs-koo-cheh)Look! ¡Mire! (mee-reh)Police! ¡Policía! (poh-lee-see-ah)At the Dentist’s OfficeEn el consultorio del dentista(ehn ehl kohn-sool-toh-ryoh dehl dehn-tees-tah)Nowadays, going to the dentist is not the unpleasant experience it used to be.Here are some words and expressions related to dental care:baby teeth los dientes de leche (lohs dyehn-tehsdeh leh-cheh)brace el corrector (ehl koh-rrehk-tohr)cavity la caries (lah kah-ryehs)Family Health and Well-Being 131dental floss el hilo dental (ehl ee-loh dehn-tahl)dentist’s office el consultorio del dentista (ehl kohn-sool-toh-ryoh dehl dehn-tees-tah)filling el empaste (ehl ehm-pahs-teh)gum la encía (lah ehn-see-ah)wisdom tooth la muela del juicio (lah mweh-lah dehlhwee-syoh)Ouch! ¡Ay! (ah-ee)Verbsto brush your teeth cepillarse los dientes (seh-pee-yahr-sehlohs dyehn-tehs)to extract a tooth sacar una muela (sah-kahr oo-nahmweh-lah)to fill a tooth empastar una muela (ehm-pahs-tahroo-nah mweh-lah)to have a toothache tener dolor de muelas (teh-nehr doh-lohr deh mweh-lahs)to hurt doler (ue) (doh-lehr)Eye CareEl cuidado de los ojos(ehl kwee-dah-doh deh lohs oh-hohs)Here are some words and expressions related to eye care:contact lenses los lentes de contacto (lohs lehn-tehsdeh kohn-tahk-toh)eye doctor el oculista (ehl oh-koo-lees-tah)eyeglasses los anteojos (lohs ahn-teh-oh-hohs)sunglasses los anteojos de sol (lohs ahn-teh-oh-hohs deh sohl)You can study the verb doler (to hurt) in greater detail in Appendix Bon pages 192–93.132 Spanish Around the HouseMaking sure that the children in the household are safe and sound (sanosy salvos) (sah-nohs ee sahl-bohs) is of utmost importance. You’ll needsome words to help your caretaker fulfill this important task.In the Children’s BedroomEn el dormitorio de los niños(ehn ehl dohr-mee-toh-ryoh deh lohs nee-nyohs)Here are some things you may find in a young child’s bedroom:baby bottle el biberón (ehl bee-beh-rohn)baby carriage el cochecito (ehl koh-cheh-see-toh)baby wipes los trapitos para limpiar al bebé (lohstrah-pee-tohs pah-rah leem-pyahr ahlbee-beh)bib el babero (ehl bah-beh-roh)car seat el asiento de seguridad para niños (ehlah-syehn-toh deh seh-goo-ree-dahdpah-rah nee-nyohs)crib la cuna (lah koo-nah)13312Taking Care of the ChildrenEl cuidado de los niños(ehl kwee-dah-doh deh lohs nee-nyohs)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. diaper el pañal (ehl pah-nyahl)diaper pin el imperdible (ehl eem-pehr-dee-bleh)disposable diaper el pañal desechable (ehl pah-nyahl deh-seh-chah-bleh)lotion la loción (lah loh-syohn)pacifier el chupete (ehl choo-peh-teh)rattle el sonajero (ehl soh-nah-heh-roh)rocking chair la mecedora (lah meh-seh-doh-rah)stroller el cochecito (ehl koh-cheh-see-toh)toy el juguete (ehl hoo-geh-teh)Verbsto change a dirty diaper cambiar un pañal sucio (kahm-byahroon pah-nyahl soo-syoh)to put on a clean diaper ponerle un pañal limpio (poh-nehr-lehoon pah-nyahl leem-pyoh)Toys and PlaythingsLos juguetes y otras cosas para jugar(lohs hoo-geh-tehs ee oh-trahs koh-sahs pah-rah hoo-gahr)Children have many playthings, and it will be helpful to know what theyare called, in English and in Spanish.balloon el globo (ehl gloh-boh)blocks (wood) los bloques de madera (lohs bloh-kehsdeh mah-deh-rah)coloring book el libro de colorear (ehl lee-broh dehkoh-loh-reh-ahr)costume el disfraz (ehl dees-frahs)jump rope la cuerda de saltar (lah kwehr-dah dehsahl-tahr)kite la cometa (lah koh-meh-tah)puppet el títere (ehl tee-teh-reh)skates los patines (lohs pah-tee-nehs)stuffed animal el animal de peluche (ehl ah-nee-mahldeh peh-loo-cheh)134 Spanish Around the Housetop el trompo (ehl trohm-poh)wagon el carretón (ehl kah-rreh-tohn)It is common to refer to stuffed animals with the ending -ito (-ita), usedto indicate affection or endearment. For example: toy bear el osito (ehl oh-see-toh), toy cat el gatito (ehl gah-tee-toh), toy dog el perrito (ehl peh-rree-toh), etc. The diminutive ending -ito (-ita) is also used with people’snames to indicate endearment. You will hear, for example, Juanito for Juan,or Teresita for Teresa.Children’s Likes and DislikesLo que les gusta o no les gusta a los niños(loh keh lehs goos-tah oh noh lehs goos-tah ah lohs nee-nyohs)It is important for a caretaker to know a child’s likes, dislikes, and favoriteactivities. Here are some of the things a child may like to do at or nearhome:He/She likes . . . Le gusta... (leh goos-tah...)to color. colorear. (koh-loh-reh-ahr)to draw. dibujar. (dee-boo-hahr)to go to the park. ir al parque. (eer ahl pahr-keh)to hear stories. oír cuentos. (oh-eer kwehn-tohs)to paint. pintar. (peen-tahr)to play . . . jugar (ue)... (hoo-gahr...)board games. juegos de mesa. (hweh-gohs deh meh-sah)cards. a las cartas. (ah lahs kahr-tahs)checkers. a las damas. (ah lahs dah-mahs)chess. al ajedrez. (ahl ah-heh-drehs)computer games. juegos de computadora. (hweh-gohs dehkohm-poo-tah-doh-rah)“dress up.” a disfrazarse. (ah dees-frah-sahr-seh)“house.” a la casita. (ah lah kah-see-tah)video games. juegos de vídeo. (hweh-gohs deh bee-deh-oh)Taking Care of the Children 135to play in the yard. jugar en el patio. (hoo-gahr ehn ehl pah-tyoh)to put puzzles armar rompecabezas. (ahr-mahr rrohm-peh-together. kah-beh-sahs)to read stories. leer cuentos. (leh-ehr kwehn-tohs)to ride . . . montar... (mohn-tahr...)a bicycle. en bicicleta. (ehn bee-see-kleh-tah)a sled. en trineo. (ehn tree-neh-oh)a swing. en columpio. (ehn koh-loom-pyoh)a tricycle. en triciclo. (ehn tree-see-kloh)a skateboard. en monopatín. (ehn moh-noh-pah-teen)to rollerblade. patinar con patines en línea. (pah-tee-nahrkohn pah-tee-nehs ehn lee-neh-ah)to tell stories. contar cuentos. (kohn-tahr kwehn-tohs)Rules of Behavior for ChildrenLas reglas de comportamiento para los niños(lahs rreh-glahs deh kohm-pohr-tah-myehn-toh pah-rah lohs nee-nyohs)Each family has its own standards concerning what children ought to learnand how to teach it. To work as your ally in this most important task, acaretaker must know the behavior you expect from your children. He orshe must also know what consequences there will be when family rulesare not followed, and who will administer these consequences. You needto be able to explain your family’s system of rewards and punishments.Do you expect your caretaker to administer them or explain to you whatmay have occurred? What type of rewards and punishments do you con-sider appropriate?Daily RoutineLa rutina diaria(lah rroo-tee-nah dyah-ryah)It’s time . . . Es hora de... (ehs oh-rah deh...)to get up. levantarse. (leh-bahn-tahr-seh)to take a nap/rest. dormir (ue) la siesta/descansar. (dohr-meerlah syehs-tah/dehs-kahn-sahr)136 Spanish Around the Houseto go to bed. acostarse (ue). (ah-kohs-tahr-seh)Children have . . . Los niños tienen que... (lohs nee-nyohs tyeh-nehn keh...)to bathe. bañarse. (bah-nyahr-seh)to brush their teeth. cepillarse los dientes. (seh-pee-yahr-seh lohs dyehn-tehs)to comb their hair. peinarse. (peh-ee-nahr-seh)to do their homework. hacer la tarea. (ah-sehr lah tah-reh-ah)to dress themselves. vestirse. (behs-teer-seh)to play quietly jugar tranquilamente antes de la hora de before bedtime. acostarse (ue). (hoo-gahr trahn-kee-lah-mehn-teh ahn-tehs deh lah oh-rah dehah-kohs-tahr-seh)to put on their shoes/ ponerse los zapatos/la ropa. (poh-nehr-clothes. seh lohs sah-pah-tohs/lah rroh-pah)to study. estudiar. (ehs-too-dyahr)to tie their shoelaces. abrocharse los cordones. (ah-broh-chahr-seh lohs kohr-doh-nehs)to wash up. lavarse. (lah-bahr-seh)Other ObligationsOtras obligaciones(oh-trahs oh-blee-gah-syoh-nehs)Children must . . . Los niños deben... (lohs nee-nyohs deh-behn...)have good manners. tener buenos modales. (teh-nehr bweh-nohs moh-dah-lehs)share. compartir sus cosas. (kohm-pahr-teersoos koh-sahs)treat others with respect. tratar a los demás con respeto. (trah-tahrah lohs deh-mahs kohn rrehs-peh-toh)Be sure to inform your caretaker of any weekly or daily chores yourchildren are supposed to do around the house. Here are some choreschildren may be involved in:Taking Care of the Children 137clean their room limpiar su cuarto (leem-pyahr soo kwahr-toh)clear the table quitar la mesa (kee-tahr lah meh-sah)make their bed hacer la cama (ah-sehr lah kah-mah)pick up their clothes recoger su ropa (rre-koh-hehr soo rroh-pah)put away their toys guardar sus juguetes (gwahr-dahr soos hoo-geh-tehs)set the table poner la mesa (poh-nehr lah meh-sah)take care of their pets cuidar de sus animales domésticos (kwee-dahr deh soos ah-nee-mah-lehs doh-mehs-tee-kohs)Children should not . . . Los niños no deben... (lohs nee-nyohs nohdeh-behn...)bite. morder. (mohr-dehr)fight. pelear. (peh-leh-ahr)hit. dar golpes. (dahr gohl-pehs)kick. dar patadas. (dahr pah-tah-dahs)push. empujar. (ehm-poo-hahr)run in the house. correr dentro de la casa. (koh-rrehrdehn-troh deh lah kah-sah)say bad words. decir malas palabras. (deh-seer mah-lahs pah-lah-brahs)talk to strangers. hablar con desconocidos. (ah-blahr kohndehs-koh-noh-see-dohs)watch . . . on TV. mirar... en la televisión. (mee-rahr...ehn lah teh-leh-bee-syohn)To find out if a child has behaved in the way you have outlined, ask:Did he/she behave? ¿Se portó bien? (seh pohr-toh byehn)How did he/she behave? ¿Cómo se portó? (koh-moh seh pohr-toh)Or:What did he/she do today? ¿Qué hizo hoy? (keh ee-soh oh-ee)One of the most important aspects of taking care of children is mak-ing sure that they stay healthy and that any illness is promptly addressed.For words and expressions that will help a caretaker do this, review “Acci-dents” and “In an Emergency” on pages 128–29 and 130–31 in Chapter 11.138 Spanish Around the HouseWhat is expected on a day-to-day basis must be made clear to the care-taker. Here we list some things you may want (or not want) the caretakerto do:Please. . . Haga el favor de... (ah-gah ehl fah-bohr deh...)bathe the children. bañar a los niños. (bah-nyahr ah lohs nee-nyohs)change their clothes. cambiarlos de ropa. (kahm-byahr-lohs dehrroh-pah)dress them. vestirlos. (behs-teer-lohs)feed them. darles de comer. (dahr-lehs deh koh-mehr)help them to . . . ayudarlos a... (ah-yoo-dahr-lohs ah...)pick them up at . . . recogerlos en... (rreh-koh-hehr-lohs ehn...)put them to acostarlos a la/las X. (ah-kohs-tahr-lohs ah bed at X. lah/lahs...)scold them if . . . regañarlos si... (rreh-gah-nyahr-lohs see...)take them to . . . llevarlos a... (yeh-bahr-lohs ah...)wake them up at X. despertarlos a la/las X. (dehs-pehr-tahr-lohs ah lah/lahs...)Good supervision is the key to avoiding accidents.Please supervise them Haga el favor de supervisarlos while they . . . mientras... (ah-gah ehl fah-bohr deh soo-pehr-bee-sahr-lohs myehn-trahs...)bathe. se bañan. (seh bah-nyahn)do their homework. hacen la tarea. (ah-sehn lah tah-reh-ah)play. juegan. (hweh-gahn)play video/computer juegan con vídeos/la computadora. (hweh-games. gahn kohn bee-deh-ohs/lah kohm-poo-tah-doh-rah)watch TV. miran la tele. (mee-rahn lah teh-leh)It is also very important to make clear what not to do.Please do not . . . Haga el favor de no... (ah-gah ehl fah-bohr dehnoh...)leave the children dejar a los niños solos. (deh-hahr ah lohs alone. nee-nyohs soh-lohs)Taking Care of the Children 139leave the doors dejar las puertas abiertas. (deh-hahr lahs open. pwehr-tahs ah-byehr-tahs)let anyone in permitir que nadie entre en la casa. (pehr-the house. mee-teer keh nah-dyeh ehn-treh ehn lahkah-sah)Please do not let Haga el favor de no permitir que los niños... (ah-the children . . . gah ehl fah-bohr deh noh pehr-mee-teer kehlohs nee-nyohs...)ride their bikes monten en bicicleta sin casco. (mohn-tehn without a helmet. ehn bee-see-kleh-tah seen kahs-koh)be near the pool estén cerca de la piscina solos. (ehs-tehnby themselves. sehr-kah deh lah pee-see-nah soh-lohs)swim by themselves. naden solos. (nah-dehn soh-lohs)talk to strangers. hablen con desconocidos. (ah-blehn kohndehs-koh-noh-see-dohs)touch . . . toquen... (toh-kehn...)use the oven/ usen el horno/el microondas solos. (oo-sehn microwave by ehl ohr-noh/ehl mee-kroh-ohn-dahs themselves. soh-lohs)Dangers Around the HouseLos peligros en la casa(lohs peh-lee-grohs ehn lah kah-sah)As you know, children get into everything, and every household containsthings that are potentially dangerous. It is important to go over possibledangers with anyone who helps you at home. Three areas of the home areparticularly dangerous: the kitchen, the bathroom, and the tool shed andyard.ammonia el amoníaco (ehl ah-moh-nee-ah-koh)bleach el blanqueador/el cloro (ehl blahn-keh-ah-dohr/ehlkloh-roh)chemicals los productos químicos (lohs proh-dook-tohs kee-mee-kohs)electrical outlets los enchufes (lohs ehn-choo-fehs)140 Spanish Around the Housepills las píldoras (lahs peel-doh-rahs)plastic bags las bolsas plásticas (lahs bohl-sahs plahs-tee-kahs)Talking About SchoolPara hablar sobre la escuela(pah-rah ah-blahr soh-breh lah ehs-kweh-lah)At times you may need to get some feedback from an employee who takesyour child to school. You may even want to use your Spanish to speak withsomeone who works in the school.When addressing a Spanish speaker, using the titles señor (seh-nyohr)(sir), señora (seh-nyoh-rah) (madam), or señorita (seh-nyoh-ree-tah)(miss) is a sign of respect (even if you are not using the individual’s name).For example:Yes, sir. Sí, señor. (see seh-nyohr)When talking (in the third person) about a teacher (or about any otherperson) in Spanish, use the definite article with the titles señor (seh-nyohr),señora (seh-nyoh-rah), or señorita (seh-nyoh-ree-tah).Mister (Mr.) Díaz el señor (Sr.) Díaz (ehl seh-nyohr dee-ahs)Mrs. Nadel la señora (Sra.) Nadel (lah seh-nyoh-rah nah-dehl)Miss Mosco la señorita (Srta.) Mosco (lah seh-nyoh-ree-tah mohs-koh)For example:Mr. Díaz is the Spanish teacher. El señor Díaz es el maestro de español.(ehl seh-nyohr dee-ahs ehs ehl mah-ehs-troh deh ehs-pah-nyohl)Here is some vocabulary you will need to talk about school-relatedsubjects:backpack la mochila (lah moh-chee-lah)book el libro (ehl lee-broh)chalkboard la pizarra (lah pee-sah-rrah)Taking Care of the Children 141classroom el salón de clases/el aula (ehl sah-lohndeh klah-sehs/ehl ah-oo-lah)grade (level)1 el grado (ehl grah-doh)grade (mark) la nota (lah noh-tah)homework la tarea (lah tah-reh-ah)lesson la lección (lah lehk-syohn)notebook el cuaderno (ehl kwah-dehr-noh)pencil el lápiz (ehl lah-pees)principal el director/la directora (ehl dee-rehk-tohr/lah dee-rehk-toh-rah)recess el recreo (ehl rreh-kreh-oh)report (paper) el informe (ehl een-fohr-meh)report card el boletín (ehl boh-leh-teen)schedule el horario (ehl oh-rah-ryoh)school year el año escolar (ehl ah-nyoh ehs-koh-lahr)student el/la estudiante (ehl/lah ehs-too-dyahn-teh)subject (course) la asignatura (lah ah-seeg-nah-too-rah)teacher el maestro/la maestra (ehl mah-ehs-troh/lah mah-ehs-trah)test el examen/la prueba (ehl ehk-sah-mehn/lah prweh-bah)School SubjectsLas asignaturas(lahs ah-seeg-nah-too-rahs)Art el arte (ehl ahr-teh)Computer Science la informática (lah een-fohr-mah-tee-kah)English el inglés (ehl een-glehs)French el francés (ehl frahn-sehs)142 Spanish Around the House1. For a list of ordinal numbers go to Chapter 14 on pages 158–159.History la historia (lah ees-toh-ryah)Mathematics las matemáticas (lahs mah-teh-mah-tee-kahs)Physical Education la educación física (lah eh-doo-kah-syohn fee-see-kah)Science la ciencia (lah syehn-syah)Spanish el español (ehl ehs-pah-nyohl)Verbsto attend asistir a (ah-sees-teer ah)to be absent estar ausente (ehs-tahr ah-oo-sehn-teh)to behave badly portarse mal (pohr-tahr-seh mahl)to behave well portarse bien (pohr-tahr-seh byehn)to know (information or facts) saber (sah-behr)to know (to be familiar with conocer 2 (koh-noh-sehr)a person/place/subject)to learn aprender (ah-prehn-dehr)to teach enseñar (ehn-seh-nyahr)to understand comprender (kohm-prehn-dehr)Taking Care of the Children 1432. For more on the use of saber and conocer go to Appendix B on pages 190–91.This page intentionally left blank.People of all cultures value their family and friends and gather on specialoccasions to celebrate together. Whatever the program of activities, it isimportant for everyone to have a good time.Have a good time! ¡Que se diviertan!/¡Que lo pasen bien!(keh seh dee-byehr-tahn/keh loh pah-sehn byehn)Family Celebrations/PartiesLas celebraciones familiares/las fiestas(lahs seh-leh-brah-syoh-nehs fah-mee-lyah-rehs/lahs fyehs-tahs)Each family has its own customs and days when they celebrate. Youremployees will appreciate your remembering their special dates. You willappreciate their learning something about yours.anniversaries los aniversarios (lohs ah-nee-behr-sah-ryohs)births los nacimientos (lohs nah-see-myehn-tohs)14513Social and Cultural ActivitiesLas actividades sociales y culturales(lahs ahk-tee-bee-dah-dehs soh-syah-lehs ee kool-too-rah-lehs)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. birthday(s) el/los cumpleaños (ehl/lohs koom-pleh-ah-nyohs)graduations las graduaciones (lahs grah-dwah-syoh-nehs)weddings las bodas (lahs boh-dahs)To express congratulations, say:Congratulations! ¡Felicidades!/¡Enhorabuena! (feh-lee-see-dah-dehs/eh-noh-rah-bweh-nah)Happy anniversary! ¡Feliz aniversario! (feh-lees ah-nee-behr-sah-ryoh)Happy birthday! ¡Feliz cumpleaños! (feh-lees koom-pleh-ah-nyohs)National and Religious HolidaysLas fiestas nacionales y religiosas(lahs fyehs-tahs nah-syoh-nah-lehs ee rreh-lee-hyoh-sahs)Celebratingnational and religious holidays is an important part of anyculture. Some of the holidays we celebrate in the United States are:Christmas la Navidad (lah nah-bee-dahd)Columbus Day el día de la Raza (ehl dee-ah deh lahrrah-sah)Easter la Pascua de Resurrección (lah pahs-kwah deh rreh-soo-rrehk-syohn)Halloween la víspera de Todos los Santos (lah bees-peh-rah deh toh-dohs lohs sahn-tohs)Hanukkah la Fiesta de las Luces (lah fyehs-tah dehlahs loo-sehs)Labor Day el día del trabajador (ehl dee-ah dehltrah-bah-hah-dohr)New Year’s Day el día de Año Nuevo (ehl dee-ah dehah-nyoh nweh-boh)Presidents’ Day el día de los Presidentes (ehl dee-ah dehlohs preh-see-dehn-tehs)Ramadan Ramadán (rrah-mah-dahn)146 Spanish Around the HouseRosh Hashanah el día de Año Nuevo Judío (ehl dee-ahdeh ah-nyoh nweh-boh hoo-dee-oh)Thanksgiving el día de Acción de Gracias (ehl dee-ahdeh ahk-syohn deh grah-syahs)Valentine’s Day el día de los Enamorados (ehl dee-ahdeh lohs eh-nah-moh-rah-dohs)To express good wishes, say:Happy Easter! ¡Felices Pascuas! (feh-lee-sehs pahs-kwahs)Merry Christmas! ¡Feliz Navidad! (feh-lees nah-bee-dahd)Happy New Year! ¡Feliz/Próspero Año Nuevo! (feh-lees/prohs-peh-roh ah-nyohnweh-boh)Renting VideosPara alquilar vídeos(pah-rah ahl-kee-lahr bee-deh-ohs)Watching videos and DVDs at home is a favorite family pastime. Here aresome words that will come in handy:actor el actor (ehl ahk-tohr)actress la actriz (lah ahk-trees)adventure films las películas de aventuras (lahs peh-lee-koo-lahs deh ah-behn-too-rahs)DVD el DVD (ehl deh beh deh)comedies las comedias (lahs koh-meh-dyahs)horror films las películas de horror (lahs peh-lee-koo-lahs deh oh-rrohr)popcorn las palomitas de maíz (lahs pah-loh-mee-tahs deh mah-ees)movies las películas (lahs peh-lee-koo-lahs)musicals las comedias musicales (lahs koh-meh-dyahs moo-see-kah-lehs)Social and Cultural Activities 147videos los vídeos (lohs bee-deh-ohs)video store la tienda de vídeos (lah tyehn-dah dehbee-deh-ohs)Verbsto rent alquilar (ahl-kee-lahr)to return devolver (ue) (deh-bohl-behr)To describe a movie, say:The movie is . . . La película es... (lah peh-lee-koo-lahehs...)boring. aburrida. (ah-boo-rree-dah)funny. cómica. (koh-mee-kah)exciting. emocionante. (eh-moh-syoh-nahn-teh)interesting. interesante. (een-teh-reh-sahn-teh)long. larga. (lahr-gah)sad. triste. (trees-teh)Verbsto be about tratarse de (trah-tahr-seh deh)to watch mirar (mee-rahr)At the MuseumEn el museo(ehn ehl moo-seh-oh)There are many different types of museums. In your city, or when youtravel, you may visit . . .an art museum. un museo de arte. (oon moo-seh-ohdeh ahr-teh)a natural history museum. un museo de historia natural. (oon moo-seh-oh deh ees-toh-ryah nah-too-rahl)a science museum. un museo de ciencia. (oon moo-seh-ohdeh syehn-syah)148 Spanish Around the HouseDiscussing ArtPara hablar de arte(pah-rah ah-blahr deh ahr-teh)art el arte (ehl ahr-teh)artist el/la artista (ehl/lah ahr-tees-tah)drawing el dibujo (ehl dee-boo-hoh)exhibit la exposición (lah ehs-poh-see-syohn)gallery la galería (lah gah-leh-ree-ah)painting la pintura/el cuadro (lah peen-too-rah/ehl kwah-droh)Sports and ExerciseLos deportes y el ejercicio(lohs deh-pohr-tehs ee ehl eh-hehr-see-syoh)Many people like to practice a sport, attend games, or watch sports eventson TV. Is anyone in your family interested in the following?(Name) likes to play . . . A... le gusta jugar al... (ah... leh goos-tah hoo-gahr ahl...)basketball. básquetbol. (bahs-keht-bohl)baseball. béisbol. (beh-ees-bohl)football. fútbol americano. (foot-bohl ah-meh-ree-kah-noh)ice hockey. hockey sobre el hielo. (hoh-keesoh-breh ehl yeh-loh)soccer. fútbol. (foot-bohl)tennis. tenis. (teh-nees)volleyball. volibol. (boh-lee-bohl)Did you notice the similarities in the English and Spanish names of thesports?Social and Cultural Activities 149Sports- and Fitness-Related VocabularyEl vocabulario deportivo(ehl boh-kah-boo-lah-ryoh deh-pohr-tee-boh)baseball la pelota de béisbol (lah peh-loh-tahdeh beh-ees-bohl)basketball el balón de básquetbol (ehl bah-lohndeh bahs-keht-bohl)basket la canasta (lah kah-nahs-tah)bat el bate (ehl bah-teh)court la cancha (lah kahn-chah)field el campo deportivo (ehl kahm-pohdeh-pohr-tee-boh)golf club el palo (ehl pah-loh)gym el gimnasio (ehl heem-nah-syoh)helmet el casco (ehl kahs-koh)match (game) el partido (ehl pahr-tee-doh)net la red (lah rrehd)player el jugador/la jugadora (ehl hoo-gah-dohr/lah hoo-gah-doh-rah)racket la raqueta (lah rrah-keh-tah)referee el árbitro (ehl ahr-bee-troh)soccer ball el balón de fútbol (ehl bah-lohn dehfoot-bohl)stadium el estadio (ehl ehs-tah-dyoh)team el equipo (ehl eh-kee-poh)tennis ball la pelota de tenis (lah peh-loh-tah dehteh-nees)tournament el torneo (ehl tohr-neh-oh)Verbsto do aerobics hacer ejercicios aeróbicos (ah-sehr eh-hehr-see-syohs ah-eh-roh-bee-kohs)to exercise hacer ejercicios (ah-sehr eh-hehr-see-syohs)to go to the gym ir al gimnasio (eer ahl heem-nah-syoh)150 Spanish Around the Houseto hike dar una caminata (dahr oo-nah kah-mee-nah-tah)to jog trotar (troh-tahr)to jump saltar (sahl-tahr)to lift weights levantar pesas (leh-bahn-tahr peh-sahs)to lose perder (ie) (pehr-dehr)to practice practicar (prahk-tee-kahr)to run correr (koh-rrehr)to score (a goal) marcar (un tanto) (mahr-kahr [oontahn-toh])to shoot tirar (tee-rahr)to sweat sudar (soo-dahr)to throw lanzar (lahn-sahr)to win ganar (gah-nahr)In addition to the team sports listed on page 149, some other popularsports are:to box boxear (bohk-seh-ahr)to bowl bolear (boh-leh-ahr)to fish pescar (pehs-kahr)to golf jugar (ue) golf (hoo-gahr gohlf )to hunt cazar (kah-sahr)to ride horses montar a caballo (mohn-tahr ah kah-bah-yoh)to sail navegar en barco de vela (nah-beh-gahrehn bahr-koh deh beh-lah)to skate patinar (pah-tee-nahr)to ski esquiar (ehs-kee-ahr)to swim nadar (nah-dahr)to surf correr las olas (koh-rrehr lahs oh-lahs)Social and Cultural Activities 151Talking About the WeatherPara hablar del tiempo(pah-rah ah-blahr dehl tyehm-poh)If you want to discuss the weather, keep in mind that most of the Spanishexpressions you will need make use of the verb hacer (ah-sehr). To talkabout what the weather is like, you can say:How is the weather? ¿Qué tiempo hace? (keh tyehm-poh ah-seh)The weather is good. Hace buen tiempo. (ah-seh bwehn tyehm-poh)The weather is bad. Hace mal tiempo. (ah-seh mahl tyehm-poh)It is . . . Hace... (ah-seh...)(very) cold. (mucho) frío. ([moo-choh] free-oh)(very) hot. (mucho) calor. ([moo-choh] kah-lohr)cool. fresco. (frehs-koh)sunny. sol. (sohl)windy. viento. (byehn-toh)If you want to talk about the weather in the past, it is easy to remem-ber to use hizo (ee-soh) instead of hace (ah-seh).Yesterday it was hot. Ayer hizo calor. (ayehr ee-soh kah-lohr)Now, if you want to talk about what the weather will be like in thefuture, substitute va a hacer (bah ah ah-sehr) whenever you use hace (ah-seh) in the present. If you want to learn or review the simple future con-struction, go to Appendix B on pages 197–98.What is the weather going ¿Qué tiempo va a hacer mañana? (keh to be like tomorrow? tyehm-poh bah ah ah-sehr mah-nyah-nah)Tomorrow it is going to Mañana va a hacer viento. (mah-nyah-nahbe windy. bah ah ah-sehr byehn-toh)With the following expressions of weather you’ll need to use the verbestar (ehs-tahr) (to be):It is . . . Está... (ehs-tah...)cloudy. nublado. (noo-blah-doh)clear. despejado. (dehs-peh-hah-doh)152 Spanish Around the Housesunny. soleado. (soh-leh-ah-doh)rainy. lluvioso. (yoo-byoh-soh)These two expressions of weather have their own verb:to rain llover (ue) (yoh-behr)It is raining. Llueve./Está lloviendo. (yweh-beh/ehs-tahyoh-byehn-doh)to snow nevar (ie) (neh-bahr)It is snowing. Nieva./Está nevando. (nyeh-bah/ehs-tahneh-bahn-doh)The SeasonsLas estaciones(lahs ehs-tah-syoh-nehs)You may find it interesting to talk with your employee about the climate ofhis or her home country. Here are the seasons in Spanish:autumn el otoño (ehl oh-toh-nyoh)spring la primavera (lah pree-mah-beh-rah)summer el verano (ehl beh-rah-noh)winter el invierno (ehl een-byehr-noh)It will be useful for you to know some other terms dealing with climateand the weather:fog la neblina (lah neh-blee-nah)hail el granizo (ehl grah-nee-soh)lightening el relámpago (ehl reh-lahm-pah-goh)rain la lluvia (lah yoo-byah)shower (heavy) el aguacero (ehl ah-gwah-seh-roh)snow la nieve (lah nyeh-beh)thunder el trueno (ehl trweh-noh)weather forecast el pronóstico del tiempo (ehl proh-nohs-tee-koh dehl tyehm-poh)Social and Cultural Activities 153Natural DisastersLos desastres naturales(lohs deh-sahs-trehs nah-too-rah-lehs)Depending on the part of the country you live in, hopefully the followingevents will never occur!blackouts los apagones (lohs ah-pah-goh-nehs)earthquakes los terremotos (lohs teh-rreh-moh-tohs)floods las inundaciones (lahs ee-noon-dah-syoh-nehs)hurricanes los huracanes (lohs oo-rah-kah-nehs)snowstorms las nevadas (lahs neh-bah-dahs)thunderstorms las tormentas (lahs tohr-mehn-tahs)tornados los tornados (lohs tohr-nah-dohs)154 Spanish Around the HouseCardinal NumbersLos números cardinales(lohs noo-meh-rohs kahr-dee-nah-lehs)zero 0 cero (seh-roh)one 1 un(o)/una (oon, oo-noh/oo-nah)two 2 dos (dohs)three 3 tres (trehs)four 4 cuatro (kwah-troh)five 5 cinco (seen-koh)six 6 seis (seh-ees)seven 7 siete (syeh-teh)eight 8 ocho (oh-choh)nine 9 nueve (nweh-beh)ten 10 diez (dyehs)eleven 11 once (ohn-seh)twelve 12 doce (doh-seh)thirteen 13 trece (treh-seh)fourteen 14 catorce (kah-tohr-seh)fifteen 15 quince (keen-seh)15514NumbersLos números(lohs noo-meh-rohs)Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. sixteen 16 dieciséis (dyeh-see-seh-ees)seventeen 17 diescisiete (dyeh-see-syeh-teh)eighteen 18 dieciocho (dyeh-see-oh-choh)nineteen 19 diecinueve (dyeh-see-nweh-beh)twenty 20 veinte (beh-een-teh)twenty-one 21 veinte y uno (beh-een-teh ee oo-noh)twenty-two 22 veinte y dos (beh-een-teh ee dohs)twenty-three 23 veinte y tres (beh-een-teh eetrehs)twenty-four 24 veinte y cuatro (beh-een-teh eekwah-troh)twenty-five 25 veinte y cinco (beh-een-teh eeseen-koh)twenty-six 26 veinte y seis (beh-een-teh ee seh-ees)twenty-seven 27 veinte y siete (beh-een-teh eesyeh-teh)twenty-eight 28 veinte y ocho (beh-een-teh ee oh-choh)twenty-nine 29 veinte y nueve (beh-een-teh eenweh-beh)thirty 30 treinta (treh-een-tah)forty 40 cuarenta (kwah-rehn-tah)fifty 50 cincuenta (seen-kwen-tah)sixty 60 sesenta (seh-sehn-tah)seventy 70 setenta (seh-tehn-tah)eighty 80 ochenta (oh-chehn-tah)ninety 90 noventa (noh-behn-tah)one hundred 100 ciento/cien (syehn-toh/syehn)one hundred one 101 ciento un(o)/una (syehn-tohoon/oo-noh/oo-nah)one hundred two 102 ciento dos (syehn-toh dohs)two hundred 200 doscientos/doscientas (doh-syehn-tohs/doh-syehn-tahs)three hundred 300 trescientos/trescientas (treh-syehn-tohs/treh-syehn-tahs)156 Spanish Around the Housefour hundred 400 cuatrocientos/cuatrocientas (kwah-troh-syehn-tohs/kwah-troh-syehn-tahs)five hundred 500 quinientos/quinientas (kee-nyehn-tohs/kee-nyehn-tahs)six hundred 600 seiscientos/seiscientas (seh-ee-syehn-tohs/seh-ee-syehn-tahs)seven hundred 700 setecientos/setecientas (seh-teh-syehn-tohs/seh-teh-syehn-tahs)eight hundred 800 ochocientos/ochocientas (oh-choh-syehn-tohs/oh-choh-syehn-tahs)nine hundred 900 novecientos/novecientas (noh-beh-syehn-tohs/noh-beh-syehn-tahs)one (a) thousand 1,000 mil (meel)two thousand 2,000 dos mil (dohs meel)one hundred thousand 100,000 cien mil (syehn meel)two hundred thousand 200,000 doscientos/doscientas mil (dohs-syehn-tohs/dohs-syehn-tahs meel)one (a) million 1,000,000 un millón (de � noun) (oon mee-yohn [deh �...])two million 2,000,000 dos millones (de � noun) (dohsmee-yoh-nehs [deh �...])one (a) billion 1,000,000,000 mil millones (de � noun) (meelmee-yoh-nehs [deh �...])FractionsLas fracciones(lahs frahk-syoh-nehs)one-half 1⁄2 un medio (oon meh-dyoh)one and one-half 11⁄2 uno y medio (oo-noh ee meh-dyoh)two and one-half . . . 21⁄2 . . . dos y medio... (dohs ee meh-dyoh...)one-third 1⁄3 un tercio (oon tehr-syoh)two-thirds 2⁄3 dos tercios (dohs tehr-syohs)three-thirds . . . 3⁄3 . . . tres tercios... (trehs tehr-syohs...)one-fourth 1⁄4 un cuarto (oon kwar-toh)two-fourths 2⁄4 dos cuartos (dohs kwahr-tohs)Numbers 157three-fourths . . . 3⁄4 . . . tres cuartos... (trehs kwahr-tohs...)one-fifth 1⁄5 un quinto (oon keen-toh)two-fifths 2⁄5 dos quintos (dohs keen-tohs)three-fifths . . . 3⁄5 . . . tres quintos... (trehs keen-tohs...)one-sixth 1⁄6 un sexto (oon sehs-toh)two-sixths 2⁄6 dos sextos (dohs sehs-tohs)three-sixths . . . 3⁄6 . . . tres sextos... (trehs sehs-tohs...)one-seventh 1⁄7 un séptimo (oon sehp-tee-moh)two-sevenths 2⁄7 dos séptimos (dohs sehp-tee-mohs)three-sevenths . . . 3⁄7 . . . tres séptimos... (trehs sehp-tee-mohs...)one-eighth 1⁄8 un octavo (oon ohk-tah-boh)two-eighths 2⁄8 dos octavos (dohs ohk-tah-bohs)three-eighths . . . 3⁄8 . . . tres octavos... (trehs ohk-tah-bohs...)one-ninth 1⁄9 un noveno (oon noh-beh-noh)two-ninths 2⁄9 dos novenos (dohs noh-beh-nohs)three-ninths . . . 3⁄9 . . . tres novenos... (trehs noh-beh-nohs...)one-tenth 1⁄10 un décimo (oon deh-see-moh)two-tenths 2⁄10 dos décimos (dohs deh-see-mohs)three-tenths . . . 3⁄10 . . . tres décimos... (trehs deh-see-mohs...)Ordinal NumbersLos números ordinales(lohs noo-meh-rohs ohr-dee-nah-lehs)first primer; primero/primera (pree-mehr; pree-meh-roh/pree-meh-rah)second segundo/segunda (seh-goon-doh/seh-goon-dah)third tercer; tercero/tercera (tehr-sehr; tehr-seh-roh/tehr-seh-rah)fourth cuarto/cuarta (kwahr-toh/kwahr-tah)fifth quinto/quinta (keen-toh/keen-tah)sixth sexto/sexta (sehs-toh/sehs-tah)seventh séptimo/séptima (sehp-tee-moh/sehp-tee-mah)eighth octavo/octava (ohk-tah-boh/ohk-tah-bah)ninth noveno/novena (noh-beh-noh/noh-beh-nah)tenth décimo/décima (deh-see-moh/deh-see-mah)158 Spanish Around the HouseDays and DatesLos días y las fechas(lohs dee-ahs ee lahs feh-chahs)Working out the schedule (el horario [ehl oh-rah-ryoh]) with youremployee is of the utmost importance. In this section you will learn howto talk about the days of the week and dates and how to tell time. You willalso find a list of idiomatic expressions dealing with time.In Spanish all the days of the week are masculine and are not capitalized.Can you come on Mondays? ¿Puede Ud. venir los lunes? (pweh-dehoos-tehd beh-neer lohs loo-nehs)Monday lunes (loo-nehs)Tuesday martes (mahr-tehs)Wednesday miércoles (myehr-koh-lehs)Thursday jueves (hweh-behs)Friday viernes (byehr-nehs)Saturday sábado (sah-bah-doh)Sunday domingo (doh-meen-goh)To express dates in Spanish, you will first need to learn the months ofthe year:January enero (eh-neh-roh)February febrero (feh-breh-roh)March marzo (mahr-soh)April abril (ah-breel)May mayo (mah-yoh)June junio (hoo-nyoh)July julio (hoo-lyoh)August agosto (ah-gohs-toh)September septiembre (sehp-tyehm-breh)October octubre (ohk-too-breh)November noviembre (noh-byehm-breh)December diciembre (dee-syehm-breh)Numbers 159If you need to find out today’s date in Spanish, here are some questionsyou may use:What is today’s date? ¿A cómo estamos hoy? (ah koh-mohehs-tah-mohs oh-ee)Today is December fourteenth. Hoy estamos a catorce de diciembre.(oh-ee ehs-tah-mohs ah kah-tohr-sehdeh dee-syehm-breh)The date of an event can be found by asking:What is the date of . . . ? ¿Cuál es la fecha de...? (kwahl ehs lahfeh-chah deh...)It’s July twenty-fifth. Es el veinte y cinco de julio. (ehs ehlbeh-een-teh ee seen-koh deh hoo-lyoh)Did you notice that in Spanish the cardinal numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.) areused for the dates? The only time you will need to use an ordinal number(first, second, third, etc.) is to express the first of the month.It’s the first of January. Es el primero de enero. (ehs ehl pree-meh-roh deh eh-neh-roh)TimeLa hora(lah oh-rah)You’ll need to be able to set an exact schedule with your employee. Ofcourse, that will include the time of day. The verb ser (sehr) is always usedto tell time in Spanish. If you need to find out the exact time at a givenmoment, you may ask:What time is it? ¿Qué hora es? (keh oh-rah ehs)It’s one o’clock. Es la una. (ehs lah oo-nah)It’s two o’clock. Son las dos. (sohn lahs dohs)Note that you use es (ehs) when it is one o’clock and son (sohn) for allother hours. Y (ee) (and) is used to tell time between the hour and halfpast the hour.160 Spanish Around the HouseIt is three ten. Son las tres y diez. (sohn lahs trehs eedyehs)After the half hour you usually use menos (meh-nohs) (minus).It’s seven thirty-five. Son las ocho menos veinte y cinco. (sohnlahs oh-choh meh-nohs beh-een-tee eeseen-koh)The quarter and half hour in Spanish can be expressed by using:quarter cuarto (kwahr-toh)half media (meh-dyah)It’s a quarter after one. Es la una y cuarto. (ehs lah oo-nah eekwar-toh)It’s half past five. Son las cinco y media. (sohn lahs seen-koh ee meh-dyah)When stating the time, use the following to specify morning, afternoon,or evening:in the morning de la mañana (deh lah mah-nyah-nah)in the afternoon de la tarde (deh lah tahr-deh)in the evening de la noche (deh lah noh-cheh)For example:It is three o’clock in Son las tres de la tarde. (sohn lahs trehsthe afternoon. deh lah tahr-deh)You will also need to find out at what time your employee is going tostart to do certain things, and you will want to tell your employee at whattime you want him or her to be at a certain place. Here is the appropriatequestion:At what time (can you begin)? ¿A qué hora (puede Ud. empezar)? (ahkeh oh-rah [pweh-deh oos-tehd ehm-peh-sahr])Numbers 161And some possible replies:I can begin . . . Puedo empezar... (pweh-doh ehm-peh-sahr)at noon. al mediodía. (ahl meh-dyoh-dee-ah)at midnight. a la medianoche. (ah lah meh-dyah-noh-cheh)at about . . . a eso de... (ah eh-soh deh...)To ask the question “when?” use ¿cuándo? (kwahn-doh). To express“sharp” or “on the dot,” use en punto (ehn poon-toh).When do we start? ¿Cuándo empezamos? (kwahn-dohehm-peh-sah-mohs)We begin at two o’clock sharp. Empezamos a las dos en punto. (ehm-peh-sah-mos ah lahs dohs ehnpoon-toh)Here are some more phrases you can use to express time:at once/immediately en seguida/inmediatamente (ehn seh-gee-dah/een-meh-dyah-tah-mehn-teh)at the beginning of a principios de (ah preen-see-pyohsdeh)at the end of a fines de (ah fee-nehs deh)early temprano (tehm-prah-noh)from time to time de vez en cuando (deh behs ehnkwahn-doh)in or about the middle of a mediados de (ah meh-dyah-dohsdeh)last month el mes pasado (ehl mehs pah-sah-doh)last week la semana pasada (lah seh-mah-nahpah-sah-dah)last year el año pasado (ehl ah-nyoh pah-sah-doh)late tarde (tahr-deh)later más tarde (mahs tahr-deh)next month el mes próximo (ehl mehs prohk-see-moh)162 Spanish Around the Housenext week la semaña próxima (lah seh-mah-nahprohk-see-mah)next year el año próximo (ehl ah-nyoh prohk-see-moh)not yet todavía no (toh-dah-bee-ah noh)often a menudo (ah meh-noo-doh)right now ahora mismo (ah-oh-rah mees-moh)sometimes a veces (ah beh-sehs)starting from/on a partir de (ah pahr-teer deh)today hoy (oh-ee)tomorrow mañana (mah-nyah-nah)tomorrow afternoon mañana por la tarde (mah-nyah-nahpohr lah tahr-deh)tomorrow morning mañana por la mañana (mah-nyah-nah pohr lah mah-nyah-nah)tomorrow night mañana por la noche (mah-nyah-nahpohr lah noh-cheh)whenever you can cuando pueda (kwahn-doh pweh-dah)whenever you have time cuando tenga tiempo (kwahn-dohtehn-gah tyehm-poh)whenever you like cuando quiera (kwahn-doh kyeh-rah)yesterday ayer (ah-yehr)yesterday afternoon ayer por la tarde (ah-yehr pohr lahtahr-deh)yesterday morning ayer por la mañana (ah-yehr pohr lahmah-nyah-nah)last night ayer por la noche (ah-yehr pohr lahnoh-cheh)Numbers 163This page intentionally left blank.Appendix AThe Sounds of SpanishGood news! Spanish pronunciation is much more uniform than English.With few exceptions, Spanish consonants and vowels have one sound andone length. Once you know the correct pronunciation of each letter, youcan simply put them together into syllables to build each full word.When you speak, remember to use body language in addition to spo-ken language. Even if you mispronounce a word, body language will helpto get your meaning across. So, don’t be afraid of trying!All Spanish words, expressions, and sentences given in this book arefollowed by their pronunciation transcribed in parentheses. Each Spanishword has one stressed syllable. The stressed syllable appears in bold-facecharacters in the transcription of the pronunciation.Listen closely to any native speakers of Spanish you encounter, as wellas to radio and TV broadcasts, films, and videos. Imitate the pronuncia-tion and intonation patterns that you hear. The more you listen, the morecomprehensible your speech will become.Pronouncing Spanish VowelsPronouncing the vowels correctly is essential to authentic Spanish pro-nunciation and, therefore, to communication. Spanish vowels are crisperand shorter than English vowels. In order to obtain clipped vowels, it is agood idea to add an “h” (not pronounced) after a, e, and o (ah, eh, oh).The Spanish vowels i and u will be represented in our transcriptions by“ee” and “oo.” This phonetic spelling may look a little awkward to you atfirst. For instance, the Spanish words sábado (Saturday), libro (book), andcomputadora (computer) are transcribed as “sah-bah-doh,” “lee-broh,”and “kohm-poo-tah-doh-rah.” However, you may find that once you have165Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. fully learned the basic pronunciation rules, you will not need to refer tothe transcriptions very often.a The Spanish a is pronounced like the “a” in the English word“father.” Examples: habla (ah-blah), terraza (teh-rrah-sah).e The Spanish e is pronounced like a shortened version of the “e”in the English word “café.” Examples: mesa (meh-sah), teléfono(teh-leh-foh-noh).When followed by a consonant in the same syllable, e ispronounced like the “e” in “met.” Examples: el (ehl), usted (oos-tehd).i The Spanish i is pronounced like the “ee” in the English word“see.” Examples: silla (see-yah), día (dee-ah).o The Spanish o is pronounced like the “o” in the English word“obey,” but it is clipped short. Examples: no (noh), mucho (moo-choh).When followed by a consonant in the same syllable, o ispronounced like the “o” in “for.” Examples: postre (pohs-treh),mostaza (mohs-tah-sah).u The Spanish u is pronounced like the “u” in the English word“rule.” Examples: una (oo-nah), azul (ah-sool).Pronouncing Spanish DiphthongsThe so-called “weak” vowels (i, [y], u) may combine with strong vowels(a, e, o) or with each other to form diphthongs. Their vowel sounds do notchange, but they blend together to form a single syllable. Note, however,that in some of the pronunciation examples given, the sounds are expressedas two separate syllables to show that each vowel retains its own individ-ual sound.-ai/ay The Spanish diphthong -ai/ay is pronounced like the “i” in theEnglish word “mine.” Examples:hay (ah-ee), vainilla (bah-ee-nee-yah).-au The Spanish diphthong -au is pronounced like the “ow” in theEnglish word “owl.” Examples: autobús (ah-oo-toh-boos),restaurante (rrehs-tah-oo-rahn-teh).166 Appendix A-ei/ey The Spanish diphthong -ei/ey is pronounced like the “a” in theEnglish word “late.” Examples: seis (seh-ees), afeitar (ah-feh-ee-tahr).-eu The Spanish diphthong -eu has no close English equivalent. Itsounds like a combination of the clipped English “e” in “eh” andthe “oo” in the English word “boot.” Examples: reunión (rreh-oo-nyohn), Europa (eh-oo-roh-pah).-oi/oy The Spanish diphthong -oi/oy is pronounced like the “oy” in theEnglish word “boy.” Examples: soy (soh-ee), estoy (ehs-toh-ee).-ou The Spanish diphthong -ou is pronounced like the “o” in theEnglish word “note.” Example: lo usamos (loh oo-sah-mos).-ia The Spanish diphthong -ia has no close English equivalent. Thesound can be closely reproduced by combining the sound of aweak English “y” in the English word “yes” with the sound ofthe “a” in the English word “papa.” Examples: gracias (grah-syahs), Colombia (koh-lohm-byah).-ie The Spanish diphthong -ie is pronounced somewhat like theEnglish word “yea!” Examples: bien (byehn), invierno (een-byehr-noh).-io The Spanish diphthong -io is pronounced like the “eo” in theEnglish word “video.” Examples: adiós (ah-dyohs), rubio (rroo-byoh).-iu The Spanish diphthong -iu is pronounced similarly to theEnglish word “you.” Example: ciudad (syoo-dahd).-ua The Spanish diphthong -ua has no close English equivalent. Thesound can be closely reproduced by combining the sound of the“w” in the English word “wet” with the sound of the “a” in theEnglish word “papa.” Examples: cuarto (kwahr-toh), situación(see-twah-syohn).-ue The Spanish diphthong -ue has no English equivalent. Pro-nouncing the “we” in the English word “wet” as a single soundclosely reproduces the sound of -ue. Examples: nueve (nweh-beh), puerta (pwehr-tah).-ui/uy The Spanish diphthong -ui/uy is pronounced like the Englishword “we.” Examples: ruido (rrwee-doh), cuidado (kwee-dah-doh).The Sounds of Spanish 167-uo The Spanish diphthong -uo has no real English equivalent. Thesound can be closely reproduced by combining the sound of the“w” in the English word “wet” with the sound of the “o” in theEnglish word “note.” Be sure to combine these two sounds into asingle sound. Examples: antiguo (ahn-tee-gwoh), cuota (kwoh-tah).When they come together, two strong vowels (a, e, o) form twoseparate syllables. Examples: correo (koh-rreh-oh), aéreo (ah-eh-reh-oh).When a weak vowel (i, u) is adjacent to a strong vowel (a, e, o), notethe following:• If there is a written accent on the weak vowel, the diphthong is bro-ken and the two vowels are pronounced separately. Examples: dí-a(dee-ah), dú-o (doo-oh).• If there is a written accent on the strong vowel, it simply indicates thestressed syllable, and the two vowels are pronounced together. Exam-ples: adiós (ah-dyohs), también (tahm-byehn).Pronouncing Spanish ConsonantsSpanish consonants are not pronounced as strongly as English consonantsand are never followed by the “h” sound that often follows Englishconsonants.b/v The Spanish b and v are pronounced exactly alike. These lettershave two distinct sounds:At the beginning of a word and after m or n, they closelyresemble the “b” in the word “boy.” Examples: banco (bahn-koh), voy (boh-ee), hombre (ohm-breh).In other positions, especially between vowels, b and v arepronounced like an English “b” in which the lips touch verylightly. (This is a sound that does not exist in English.)Examples: vivir (bee-beer), escribo (ehs-kree-boh).c The Spanish c has two separate sounds:Before e or i, in Latin America and in southern Spain, it ispronounced like the “s” in the English word “sent.” In central168 Appendix Aand northern Spain it is pronounced like the “th” in the Englishword “thin.” In this book, we will use only the first (largely LatinAmerican) pronunciation. Examples: césped (sehs-pehd),cocinar (koh-see-nahr).When appearing in the combinations ca, co, and cu, thepronunciation of c closely resembles the English “k” sound. Thedifference is that when the hard Spanish c is pronounced, thereis no puff of air, as there is with the English “k.” Examples: casa(kah-sah), balcón (bahl-kohn), cubiertos (koo-byehr-tohs).Before e and i, the hard Spanish c sound is represented by qu.Examples: queso (keh-soh), mantequilla (mahn-teh-kee-yah).ch The Spanish ch is pronounced like the “ch” in the English word“chief.” Examples: chimenea (chee-meh-neh-ah), techo (teh-choh).d The Spanish d has two separate sounds:At the beginning of a word and after n or l, the Spanish dclosely resembles the “d” in the word “dog,” but with the tip ofthe tongue touching the inner surface of the upper front teeth.Examples: dorar (doh-rahr), diente (dyehn-teh).In other cases, particularly between two vowels, the tonguedrops even lower and the sound resembles the “th” sound in theEnglish word “this.” Examples: entrada (ehn-trah-dah), batidora(bah-tee-doh-rah).f The Spanish f is pronounced like the English “f.” Examples: grifo(gree-foh), frenos (freh-nohs).g The Spanish g has three separate sounds:Before e or i, g is pronounced like the “h” in the English word“halt,” but with a raspier, throatier sound. Example: gengibre(hehn-hee-breh).After a pause and when followed by a, o, u, and also when itfollows the letter n, the Spanish g closely resembles the “g” in theEnglish word “go.” Examples: albóndiga (ahl-bohn-dee-gah),langosta (lahn-gohs-tah), vengo (behn-goh). Spanish gufollowed by e or i also closely resembles the “g” in the Englishword “go.” Examples: guisado (gee-sah-doh), juguete (hoo-geh-teh).The Sounds of Spanish 169Between two vowels the g sound is much weaker and does notresemble any English sound. Examples: digo (dee-goh), luego(lweh-goh).h The Spanish letter h is always silent. Examples: hoy (oh-ee),hablar (ah-blahr).j The Spanish j is pronounced like the “h” in the English word“halt,” except that it is a raspier, throatier sound. Examples:cajón (kah-hohn), verja (behr-hah).l The Spanish l is similar to, but not exactly like, the “l” in theEnglish word “call.” Examples: papel (pah-pehl), alarma (ah-lahr-mah).ll The Spanish ll is pronounced like the “y” in the English word“yes” in most of Latin America and in some regions of Spain. Inother parts of Spain it is pronounced like the “lli” in the Englishword “million.” In this book we will use only the first (largelyLatin American) pronunciation. Examples: bombilla (bohm-bee-yah), tortilla (tohr-tee-yah).m The Spanish m is pronounced like the English “m.” Examples:mesa (meh-sah), alfombra (ahl-fohm-brah).n The Spanish n is usually pronounced like the “n” in the Englishword “no.” Examples: poner (poh-nehr), una (oo-nah).However, before b, v, and p, n is pronounced like an English“m.” Examples: convenir (kohm-beh-neer), convertir (kohm-behr-teer).Before c, gu, g, and j, n is pronounced like “n” in the Englishword “sing.” Examples: blanco (blahn-koh), congelado (kohn-heh-lah-doh).ñ The Spanish ñ is pronounced somewhat like the “ny” in theEnglish word “canyon.” Examples: soñar (soh-nyahr), bañarse(bah-nyahr-seh).p The Spanish p is pronounced like the English “p” but withoutthe puff of air that often accompanies the “p” in English.Examples: papel (pah-pehl), pico (pee-koh).q The Spanish q—which always appears in combination with theletter u—is pronounced like the “c” in the word “cat,” butwithout the puff of air that often accompanies the hard “c” in170 Appendix AEnglish. Examples: queso (keh-soh), mantequilla (mahn-teh-kee-yah).r The Spanish r has two separate sounds, depending on whetheror not it is the first (initial) letter of a word:Whenit is at the beginning of a word, the Spanish r ispronounced like the Spanish rr (see rr below).When r is not the first letter of a word, it is pronounced muchlike the “dd” of the English word “ladder.” (Well, it’s not exactlythe same, but it’s much closer to this “dd” sound than it is to theEnglish “r” sound.) Examples: harina (ah-ree-nah), merendar(meh-rehn-dahr).rr The Spanish double rr is a vibrating or trilling sound.(Remember that the single “r” is also pronounced this way whenit is the first letter of a Spanish word.) Examples: arroz (ah-rrohs), radio (rrah-dyoh).s The Spanish s is pronounced like the “s” in the English word“salt,” except that the sound is more clipped, a bit shorter.Examples: jugoso (hoo-goh-soh), secar (seh-kahr).However, when s comes before b, d, g, l, ll, m, n, r, v, and y, itis pronounced like the “s” in the English word “rose.” Examples:mismo (mees-moh), desde (dehs-deh).t The Spanish t is pronounced with the tip of the tongue touchingthe back of the upper front teeth (instead of the ridge above theteeth as in English), but without the puff of air that accompaniesthe “t” in English. Examples: techo (teh-choh), gusta (goos-tah).v See b/v above.x The Spanish x has three separate sounds:Before a consonant, x is pronounced like the “s” in theEnglish word “sent.” Examples: explicar (ehs-plee-kahr),experiencia (ehs-peh-ryehn-syah).Between vowels, x usually has a double sound that is like the“ks” in the English word “talks.” Examples: examen (ehks-sah-mehn), existir (ehks-sees-teer).X is pronounced like the English letter “h” in certain words.Examples: México (meh-hee-koh), mexicano (meh-hee-kah-noh).The Sounds of Spanish 171y Depending upon the region, the Spanish y might sound like the“y” in the English word “yes” or the “j” in the English word“joy.” In this book we will use the first pronunciation (yes).Examples: mayonesa (mah-yoh-neh-sah), yema (yeh-mah).z The Spanish z has two different pronunciations:In Latin America and in southern Spain, z is pronounced likethe “s” in the English word “sent.” Examples: lápiz (lah-pees),zapato (sah-pah-toh).In central and northern Spain, z is pronounced like the “th”in the English word “thin.” This book does not use thispronunciation.Note: In Spanish, the letters k and w are found only in foreign words. Thek is pronounced like an English “k” without the puff of air. Example:kilogramo (kee-loh-grah-moh). The Spanish w is pronounced like theSpanish b/v when it occurs between vowels.General Guidelines for Speaking Spanish“Stress” refers to the emphasis—in practical terms, the loudness—of a syl-lable. Stress is important in Spanish because it can completely change themeaning of a word. Note the similarity of the following words, except forthe location of the stressed syllable. Note also the differences in meaning:father papá (pah-pah) he bought compró (kohm-proh)potato papa (pah-pah) I buy compro (kohm-proh)In Spanish, note the following:• Most words ending in a vowel or n or s are stressed on the next to thelast syllable. Examples: banco (bahn-koh), hablas (ah-blahs).• Most words ending in a consonant other than n or s are stressed onthe last syllable. Examples: colador (koh-lah-dohr), mantel (mahn-tehl).• Words that are not pronounced according to the above rules use awritten accent to show where the word is stressed. Examples: desván(dehs-bahn), árbol (ahr-bohl), higiénico (ee-hyeh-nee-koh).172 Appendix AThe written accent—there is a single, acute written accent in Spanish—is also used:• to distinguish between some words that are spelled alike but havedifferent meanings:el (ehl) the él (ehl) hesi (see) if sí (see) yes• on the stressed vowel of all question words:qué (keh) what cuándo (kwan-doh) when“Intonation” refers to pitch, or the rise and fall of one’s voice at thelevel of a sentence or question. Intonation is important because it canchange the meaning of an utterance. In Spanish,• Normal statements end in a falling pitch.I want salad. Quiero ensalada. (kyeh-roh ehn-sah-lah-dah)• Questions that elicit information end in a falling pitch. This is thesame pattern as normal statements in Spanish. However, informationquestions are never confused with statements because they alwaysbegin with question words.What do you want? ¿Qué quieres? (keh kyeh-rehs)• Simple yes/no questions end in a rising pitch, which convey a senseof uncertainty.Do you want salad? ¿Quieres ensalada? (kyeh-rehs ehn-sah-lah-dah)• When a question elicits an answer that is a choice between two ormore alternatives, the pitch rises with each choice, and then falls withthe final option.Do you want salad or ¿Quieres ensalada o papas?potatoes? (kyeh-rehs ehn-sah-lah-dah oh pah-pahs)Linking Groups of Spanish WordsIn speaking and in reading out loud, Spanish words are linked together sothat two or more words may sound like one long word. The sounds of theThe Sounds of Spanish 173final letters of a word often depend on the initial letter of the followingword:• When the last letter of one word is the same as the first letter of thenext word, they are pronounced as a single sound. Example: laalfombra (lahl-fohm-brah).• When a word that ends in a vowel is followed by a word that beginswith a vowel or h followed by a vowel, those vowels are “linked” intoone syllable, even if they are different. Example: su hijo (swee-hoh).• When a word that ends in a consonant is followed by a word thatbegins with a vowel, the final consonant is “linked” with the initialvowel sound. Example: el papel higiénico (ehl pah-peh-lee-hyeh-nee-koh). In the examples given in this book the words are not linked.Division of Words into SyllablesSome general rules for dividing Spanish words into syllables are:• A single consonant (including ch, ll, and rr) is pronounced with thevowel that follows it. Examples: ca-sa (kah-sah), no-che (noh-cheh),bu-rro (boo-rroh).• Two consonants are usually divided. Examples: tar-de (tahr-deh), es-pa-ñol (ehs-pah-nyohl).However, consonants followed by l or r are generally pronouncedtogether and go with the following vowel. Examples: po-si-ble (poh-see-bleh), a-brir (ah-breer).• Three or more consonants in a row are divided in the following way:the final consonant in the series begins a new syllable. Example: ins-crip-ción (eens-kreep-syohn).• When the final consonant in a series is l or r, it is pronounced withthe consonant that immediately precedes. Examples: en-trar (ehn-trahr), in-glés (een-glehs).• Two adjacent strong vowels (a, e, o) occur in separate syllables.Examples: ve-o (beh-oh), tra-e (trah-eh).174 Appendix AThe Sounds of Spanish 175• Combinations of a weak (i, u) and a strong vowel (a, e, o) or of twoweak vowels are part of the same syllable. Examples: ciu-dad (syoo-dahd), bue-nos (bweh-nohs), gra-cias (grah-syahs).In combinations of a weak and a strong vowel or two weak vowels,note the following:• If there is a written accent on the weak vowel, the two vowels are pro-nounced separately. Examples: dí-a (dee-ah), tí-o (tee-oh).• If there is a written accent on the strong vowel, the two vowels arepronounced together. Examples: a-diós (ah-dyohs), lección (lehk-syohn).This page intentionally left blank.Appendix BGrammar EssentialsNouns and ArticlesGender of NounsUnlike English nouns, all Spanish nouns are either masculine or feminine.In most cases the gender of a noun has to be memorized, but there aresome helpful guidelines:• Nouns that refer to males are masculine. Example: el hombre (theman).• Nouns that refer to females are feminine. Example: la mujer (thewoman).• Nouns ending in -ista are both feminine and masculine. Examples: eldentista/la dentista (the dentist).• Nouns ending in -dad, -tad, -tud, -ción, and -sión are feminine.Examples: la libertad(the liberty), la televisión (the television).• Nouns ending in -o are usually masculine. Example: el vaso (theglass).• Nouns ending in -a are usually feminine. Example: la casa (thehouse).To remember the gender of a noun, always learn it with its definitearticle (meaning “the”). In Spanish, both definite and indefinite articlesalso have masculine and feminine forms, according to the gender of thenoun they modify.177Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. Definite ArticlesThe definite article has four forms in Spanish (all of which mean “the”):two singular: el (masculine) and la (feminine)two plural: los (masculine) and las (feminine)el masculine singular el árbol the treela feminine singular la casa the houselos masculine plural los árboles the treeslas feminine plural las casas the housesNote the following contractions with el:a � el � al Voy al cine. I’m going to the movies.de � el � del Es la casa del doctor. It is the doctor’s house.Indefinite ArticlesThe indefinite article (“a”/“an,” “some”) has four forms in Spanish:two singular: un (masculine) and una (feminine), meaning “a”/“an.”two plural: unos (masculine) and unas (feminine), meaning “some.”un masculine singular un árbol a treeuna feminine singular una casa a houseunos masculine plural unos árboles some treesunas feminine plural unas casas some housesAdjectivesAdjectives are words that describe nouns. Unlike English adjectives, Span-ish adjectives usually follow the noun. For example: el abrigo rojo (the redcoat).Note that, in Spanish, adjectives also have masculine and feminineforms, according to the gender of the noun they describe. Here are somegeneral guidelines for adjectives:178 Appendix B• Adjectives ending in -o in the masculine singular change the -o to -ain the feminine singular.the tall man el hombre alto the tall woman la mujer alta• Adjectives of nationality ending in a consonant add -a for the femi-nine form.the Spanish man el hombre españolthe Spanish woman la mujer española• Most other adjectives have the same form for the masculine and thefeminine.the brave man el hombre valientethe brave woman la mujer valientePlural of Nouns and AdjectivesFor nouns, number (i.e., whether the word is singular or plural) worksexactly as in English: the singular form is used when referring to one per-son, place, or thing and the plural form is used when referring to two ormore. But, unlike in English, in Spanish, the article and the adjective arealso number sensitive (i.e., singular or plural).To form the plural of nouns and adjectives in Spanish, add -s to thosethat end in a vowel.a black blouse una blusa negrasome black blouses unas blusas negrasOr add -es to those that end in a consonant.the easy lesson la lección fácilthe easy lessons las lecciones fácilesPossessive AdjectivesBoth English and Spanish use possessive adjectives to indicate ownership.Furthermore, in Spanish, as in English, possessive adjectives precede thenoun. But, like all Spanish adjectives, possessive adjectives agree in genderand number with the noun they are limiting (i.e., with the possession, notwith the owner).Grammar Essentials 179One Possession More than One Possessionmy toy mi juguete my toys mis juguetesyour (familiar) toy tu juguete your (familiar) tus juguetestoysyour (formal) toy su juguete your (formal) sus juguetestoyshis/her toy su juguete his/her toys sus juguetesour toy nuestro juguete our toys nuestros juguetestheir toy su juguete their toys sus juguetesThe only possessive adjective listed above that changes according togender is nuestro/nuestros which changes to nuestra/nuestras when the pos-session is feminine.our home nuestra casa our homes nuestras casasAnother way Spanish speakers express ownership is by using the verbser � the possession � de � the owner. For example:It is María’s computer. Es la computadora de María.I am Juan’s sister. Yo soy la hermana de Juan.Ser means “to be” and in the present tense is conjugated as follows: yosoy, tú eres, él/ella es, Ud. es, nosotros/nosotras somos, ellos/ellas son, Uds.son.Demonstrative AdjectivesDemonstrative adjectives point out specific people and things. Theyprecede the noun they are pointing out and agree with it in gender andnumber.The demonstrative adjective “this” has four forms in Spanish:este masculine singular este vaso this glassesta feminine singular esta taza this cupestos masculine plural estos vasos these glassesestas feminine plural estas tazas these cups180 Appendix BThere are two ways to say “that” in Spanish:• When referring to something or someone relatively far from you, butnear the person to whom you are speaking, use ese.• When referring to something or someone far from both you and theperson with whom you are speaking, use aquel.Ese and aquel have four forms each:ese masculine singular ese periódico that newspaperesa feminine singular esa revista that magazineesos masculine plural esos periódicos those newspapersesas feminine plural esas revistas those magazinesaquel masculine singular aquel periódico that newspaperaquella feminine singular aquella revista that magazineaquellos masculine plural aquellos periódicos those newspapersaquellas feminine plural aquellas revistas those magazinesAdverbsMany Spanish adverbs are formed by adding -mente (equivalent to “-ly”in English) to the feminine singular of adjectives. Note that adverbs, unlikeadjectives, have only one form. For example:slow lento (masculine) lenta (feminine) slowly lentamenteSubject PronounsSince verb endings in Spanish indicate the person about whom one isspeaking, Spanish speakers very rarely use subject pronouns. As you beginlearning Spanish, however, we recommend that you use them. These pro-nouns will help the listener know who the subject is, even if (at first) yourverb endings are not perfectly correct.Grammar Essentials 181I yo we nosotrosyou (informal) tú we (all females) nosotrashe él they ellosshe ella they (all females) ellasyou (formal) usted (Ud.) you (plural) ustedes (Uds.)In this book, we generally recommend that you use the more formalusted (Ud.) when speaking to a person in Spanish. It is always appropriate(some Spanish-speaking parents also use it when talking to their children),and using it limits the number of forms you need to learn.In the verb section we have included the informal tú forms for the pres-ent, past, and future tenses. You will also find a section on using the infor-mal tú commands. Over time, you will gradually learn to use the tú formswith your most intimate friends, many of your family members, youngchildren, and pets.Remember always to use ustedes (Uds.) when talking to more than oneperson. There is an informal way to address more than one person in Span-ish, but it is rarely used in the Americas. We have not included it here.VerbsPresent TenseMeanings and Uses of the Present TenseThe present tense in Spanish can be translated into several meanings inEnglish:Yo trabajo mucho. I work a lot.I am working a lot.I do work a lot.Regular VerbsWhen talking about what you do, are doing, or will do in the near future,and to describe, use the present tense. For example:The soup is cold. La sopa está fría.She is washing the car. Ella lava el coche.I’ll dust the rooms later. (Yo) Sacudo los cuartos luego.182 Appendix BIn the third example above, the word luego makes the meaning clearer. Seea list of words and expressions on pages 197–98 that indicate that the actionwill take place in the future.The present tense can also be used in a question to ask for instructions:Shall I close the window? ¿Cierro la ventana?The infinitive of verbs in English is expressed by “to � verb.” The infini-tive of verbs in Spanish ends ineither -ar, -er, or -ir.The present tense of regular Spanish verbs is formed by dropping theinfinitive endings (-ar, -er, -ir) and adding the following endings:For verbs ending in -ar:For Add For Addyo -o nosotros/nosotras -amostú -asél/ella -a ellos/ellas -anUd. -a Uds. -ancomprar (to buy)yo compro I buy nosotros/ we buynosotras compramostú compras you buyél/ella compra he/she buys ellos/ellas compran they buyUd. compra you buy Uds. compran you (plural) buyFor verbs ending in -er:For Add For Addyo -o nosotros/ -emosnosotrastú -esél/ella -e ellos/ellas -enUd. -e Uds. -envender (to sell)yo vendo I sell nosotros/ we sellnosotras vendemostú vendes you sellél/ella vende he/she sells ellos/ellas venden they sellUd. vende you sell Uds. venden you (plural) sellGrammar Essentials 183For verbs ending in -ir:For Add For Addyo -o nosotros/nosotras -imostú -esél/ella -e ellos/ellas -enUd. -e Uds. -enabrir (to open)yo abro I open nosotros/nosotras we openabrimostú abres you openél/ella abre he/she opens ellos/ellas abren they openUd. abre you open Uds. abren you (plural) openIrregular VerbsVerbs that do not follow the patterns shown above are called irregularverbs. Some important verbs that are irregular in the yo form are:dar (to give)yo doy I give nosotros/ we givenosotras damostú das you giveél/ella da he/she gives ellos/ellas dan they giveUd. da you give Uds. dan you (plural) giveponer (to put/place)yo pongo I put nosotros/ we putnosotras ponemostú pones you putél/ella pone he/she puts ellos/ellas ponen they putUd. pone you put Uds. ponen you (plural) puthacer (to do/make)yo hago I do nosotros/ we donosotras hacemostú haces you doél/ella hace he/she does ellos/ellas hacen they doUd. hace you do Uds. hacen you (plural) do184 Appendix Bsalir (to leave/go out)yo salgo I leave nosotros/ we leavenosotras salimostú sales you leaveél/ella sale he/she leaves ellos/ellas salen they leaveUd. sale you leave Uds. salen you (plural) leavetraer (to bring)yo traigo I bring nosotros/ we bringnosotras traemostú traes you bringél/ella trae he/she brings ellos/ellas traen they bringUd. trae you bring Uds. traen you (plural) bringver (to see)yo veo I see nosotros/ we seenosotras vemostú ves you seeél/ella ve he/she sees ellos/ellas ven they seeUd. ve you see Uds. ven you (plural) seeThe following verbs are irregular in the present tense:decir (to say)yo digo I say nosotros/ we saynosotras decimostú dices you sayél/ella dice he/she says ellos/ellas dicen they sayUd. dice you say Uds. dicen you (plural) sayir (to go)yo voy I go nosotros/ we gonosotras vamostú vas you goél/ella va he/she goes ellos/ellas van they goUd. va you go Uds. van you (plural) goGrammar Essentials 185Note that the verb ir is often followed by a (meaning “to”) and a place.If the place is masculine in gender, the combination a � el forms the con-traction al, as in the following examples:I’m going to the movies. Yo voy al cine.John is going to the beach. Juan va a la playa.tener (to have)yo tengo I have nosotros/ we havenosotras tenemostú tienes you haveél/ella tiene he/she has ellos/ellas tienen they haveUd. tiene you have Uds. tienen you (plural) havevenir (to come)yo vengo I come nosotros/ we comenosotras venimostú vienes you comeél/ella viene he/she comes ellos/ellas vienen they comeUd. viene you come Uds. vienen you (plural) comeVerbs with Special ChangesWhen you remove the -ar, -er, or -ir from the infinitive of a Spanish verb,the remaining portion is called “the stem.” In the present tense, there aremany common Spanish verbs that have the following changes in the stemof all the forms except nosotros/nosotras: e to ie, o to ue, e to i.In this book, when these verbs appear in the infinitive form they willbe followed by (ie), (ue), or (i). For example: cerrar (ie) (to close), dormir(ue) (to sleep), servir (i) (to serve).When you use these verbs in the present tense you need to make thestem change in all persons except nosotros/nosotras. For example:cerrar (ie) (to close)yo cierro I close nosotros/ we closenosotras cerramostú cierras you closeél/ella cierra he/she closes ellos/ellas cierran they closeUd. cierra you close Uds. cierran you (plural) close186 Appendix Bdormir (ue) (to sleep)yo duermo I sleep nosotros/ we sleepnosotras dormimostú duermes you sleepél/ella he/she sleeps ellos/ellas they sleepduerme duermenUd. duerme you sleep Uds. duermen you (plural) sleepservir (i) (to serve)yo sirvo I serve nosotros/ we servenosotras servimostú sirves you serveél/ella sirve he/she serves ellos/ellas sirven they serveUd. sirve you serve Uds. sirven you (plural) serveReflexive VerbsWhen you talk about many day-to-day activities, you will find that in Span-ish you will need to use reflexive verbs. These verbs are called “reflexive”because they indicate that the subject is acting upon himself or herself.How can you tell the difference between a reflexive verb and verbs that arenot reflexive? Look at the ending of the infinitive. In Spanish, when reflex-ive verbs appear in the infinitive form, -se is attached to the end. Here aresome useful examples:to get up levantarseto wash up lavarseto brush one’s teeth cepillarse los dientesto get dressed vestirse (i)As you use this book you will discover useful verbs related to the par-ticular theme of a given section. Remember that reflexive verbs will have-se attached to the end of the infinitive. When you use these verbs, don’tforget to use the following reflexive pronouns. The pronouns precede theconjugated verb unless you are ordering someone to do something.me myself nos ourselveste yourself (familiar)se himself/herself se themselvesse yourself (formal) se yourselvesGrammar Essentials 187For example:levantarse (to get up [to raise oneself])(yo) me levanto I get up (nosotros/nosotras) we get upnos levantamos(tú) te levantas you get up(él/ella) se he/she gets up (ellos/ellas) se they get uplevanta levantan(Ud.) se levanta you get up (Uds.) se levantan you (plural) get upBy the way, once you learn these pronouns you can also use them withreflexive verbs to talk about the past and the future (you will learn moreabout the past and the future tenses later on in this appendix). For example:Yesterday I got up early. Ayer me levanté temprano.Tomorrow I am going to get up late. Mañana me voy a levantartarde.There Is/There AreHay means “There is . . .” and “There are . . .” ¿Hay...? means “Isthere . . . ?” and “Are there . . . ?” For example:Are there books on the bookshelves? ¿Hay libros en los estantes?Yes, there are many. Sí, hay muchos.The Verb “to Be” in SpanishSer/EstarThere are two ways to translate the verb “to be” into Spanish: ser or estar.These two Spanish verbs (ser and estar) are not interchangeable, that is,each one has its own uses.ser (to be)yo soy I am nosotros/ we arenosotras somostú eres you areél/ella es he/she is ellos/ellas son they areUd. es you are Uds. son you (plural) are188 Appendix BTo express “It is” (“It’s”) using the verb ser, say es.Use the verb ser:• to find out or state the identity of people, places, and things:What is it? ¿Qué es?It’s a book. Es un libro.Who is it/he/she? ¿Quién es?It is Elena. Es Elena.• to find out or state ownership:Whose is it? ¿De quién es?It is my brother’s. Es de mi hermano.• to find out or state the origin or nationality of someone or something:Where is it/he/she from? ¿De dónde es?It/He/She is from Mexico. Es de México.What nationality is he/she? ¿De qué nacionalidad es?He/She is Mexican. Es mexicano/mexicana.• to find out or state what material something is made of:What is it made of? ¿De qué es?It’s made of wood. Es de madera.• to find out or state the characteristicsof someone or something:What is it/he/she like? ¿Cómo es?It’s/He’s/She’s very interesting. Es muy interesante.For a list of adjectives that can be used with the verb ser, go to Chap-ter 2 on pages 23–25.estar (to be)yo estoy I am nosotros/ we arenosotras estamostú estás you areél/ella está he/she is ellos/ellas están they areUd. está you are Uds. están you (plural) areTo express “It is” (It’s) using the verb estar, say está.Use the verb estar:• to find out or state where someone or something is located:Where is he/she/it? ¿Dónde está?He/She/It is at work. Está en el trabajo.Grammar Essentials 189• to find out or state the temporary physical or emotional condition ofa person or thing:How are they? ¿Cómo están?They are nervous. Están nerviosos.How’s the soup? ¿Cómo está la sopa?It’s delicious. Está deliciosa.For a list of adjectives that can be used with the verb estar, go to Chap-ter 2 on pages 25–26.Idioms with TenerWhen talking about physical and emotional states, in addition to using theverb estar, Spanish speakers use the verb tener (yo tengo, tú tienes,él/ella/Ud. tiene, nosotros/nosotras tenemos, ellos/ellas/Uds. tienen) with cer-tain nouns. In these idioms the verb tener is translated as “to be” or “tofeel.”Some important idioms are:to be (feel) hungry tener hambre to be (feel) thirsty tener sed to be (feel) cold tener frío to be (feel) hot tener calorto be (feel) afraid tener miedo to be in a hurry tener prisato be lucky tener suerte to be (feel) sleepy tener sueñoThe Verb “to Know” in Spanish: Saber/ConocerThere are two ways to translate the verb “to know” into Spanish: saber orconocer. These two Spanish verbs (saber and conocer) are not interchange-able; that is, each one has its own uses.The verb saber means “to know information or facts,” such as names,dates, telephone numbers, etc. It can never be used to say that you know(� are acquainted with) a person or a place. Note that saber and conocerare irregular in the yo form of the present tense:190 Appendix Bsaber (to know)yo sé I know nosotros/ we knownosotras sabemostú sabes you knowél/ella sabe he/she knows ellos/ellas saben they knowUd. sabe you know Uds. saben you (plural) knowFor example:I know that the store is open. Yo sé que la tienda está abierta.She knows my address. Ella sabe mi dirección.When talking about what you know how to do, use the verb saber fol-lowed by an infinitive. For example:I know how to drive but I don’t Yo sé manejar pero no sé know how to park the car. estacionar el coche.The verb conocer means “to know” in the sense of “to be acquainted(i.e., familiar) with a person or a place.”conocer (to know)yo conozco I know nosotros/ we knownosotras conocemostú conoces you knowél/ella conoce he/she knows ellos/ellas conocen they knowUd. conoce you know Uds. conocen you (plural) knowFor example:Do you know Juan’s mother? ¿Conoces a la mamá de Juan?She knows New York. Ella conoce Nueva York.When conocer is followed by a person, you must add a after the verb as inthe first example above.Talking About What You Like: GustarWhen Spanish speakers talk about the things they like and what they liketo do, they use the verb gustar (meaning “to please, be pleasing to”). Notethat the pronouns me, te, le, nos, and les are always used with gustar:Grammar Essentials 191Singular PluralI like . . . Me gusta... We like . . . Nos gusta...You (familiar) Te gusta...like . . .He/She likes . . . Le gusta... They like . . . Les gusta...You like . . . Le gusta... You (plural) Les gusta...like . . .For example:I like to listen to music. Me gusta escuchar música.I like Cuban music. Me gusta la música cubana.When you like more than one thing, gusta changes to gustan.I like flowers. Me gustan las flores.When talking about what you or others don’t like, put no before me, te,le, nos, les.I don’t like to arrive late. No me gusta llegar tarde.He/She doesn’t like eggs. No le gustan los huevos.Talking About What Hurts (Aches): DolerWhen Spanish speakers talk about what hurts, they use the verb doler (ue)followed by the part of the body that hurts. For a list of parts of the bodygo to Chapter 11 on pages 123–24. Note that the pronouns me, te, le, nos,and les are always used with doler:My (part of body) hurts. Me duele � part of the body (with itsdefinite article).Your (part of body) hurts. Te duele � part of the body (with itsdefinite article).His/Her/Your (formal) (part Le duele � part of the body (with its of body) hurts. definite article).Our (part of body) hurts. Nos duele � part of the body (with itsdefinite article).Their/Your (plural) (part of Les duele � part of the body (with its body) hurts. definite article).192 Appendix BFor example:My head hurts. (I have a Me duele la cabeza.headache.)His stomach hurts. (He has Le duele el estómago.a stomachache.)When more than one part of the body hurts, duele changes to duelen.For example:My legs hurt. Me duelen las piernas.Their arms hurt. Les duelen los brazos.Talking About Something That Just Happened: Acabar DeWhen talking about something that just happened or something you justdid, use the following expression: acabar de � infinitive.I have just � verb Yo acabo de � infinitiveYou have just � verb Tú acabas de � infinitiveHe/She has just � verb Él/Ella acaba de � infinitiveYou (formal) have just � verb Ud. acaba de � infinitiveWe have just � verb Nosotros/Nosotras acabamos de � infinitiveThey have just � verb Ellos/Ellas acaban de � infinitiveYou (plural) have just � verb Uds. acaban de � infinitiveFor example:I have just eaten. Yo acabo de comer.You have just slept. Tú acabas de dormir.She has just arrived. Ella acaba de llegar.We have just gone. Nosotros acabamos de ir.Preterite TenseUses of the Preterite TenseThe preterite tense expresses an action or state completed within a definiteperiod of time in the past.Grammar Essentials 193The following words and expressions are useful when using the preteriteto talk about the past:yesterday ayerthe day before yesterday anteayerlast night anochethe night before last anteanochelast week la semana pasadalast weekend el fin de semana pasadolast Monday el lunes pasadolast summer el verano pasadoRegular VerbsThe preterite tense of regular Spanish verbs is formed by dropping theinfinitive endings (-ar, -er, -ir) and adding the following endings:For verbs ending in -ar:For Add For Addyo -é nosotros/nosotras -amostú -asteél/ella -ó ellos/ellas -aronUd. -ó Uds. -arontrabajar (to work)yo trabajé I worked nosotros/nosotras we workedtrabajamostú trabajaste you workedél/ella trabajó he/she worked ellos/ellas they workedtrabajaronUd. trabajó you worked Uds. trabajaron you (plural) workedFor verbs ending in -er:For Add For Addyo -í nosotros/nosotras -imostú -isteél/ella -ió ellos/ellas -ieronUd. -ió Uds. -ieron194 Appendix Bbarrer (to sweep)yo barrí I swept nosotros/nosotras we sweptbarrimostú barriste you sweptél/ella barrió he/she swept ellos/ellas they sweptbarrieronUd. barrió you swept Uds. barrieron you (plural) sweptFor verbs ending in -ir:For Add For Addyo -í nosotros/nosotras -imostú -isteél/ella -ió ellos/ellas -ieronUd. -ió Uds. -ieronescribir (to write)yo escribí I wrote nosotros/nosotras we wroteescribimostú escribiste you wroteél/ella escribió he/she wrote ellos/ellas they wroteescribieronUd. escribió you wrote Uds. escribieron you (plural) wroteIrregular VerbsSome verbs that are irregular in the preterite are:dar (to give)yo di I gave nosotros/nosotras we gavedimostú diste you gaveél/ella dio he/she gave ellos/ellas dieron they gaveUd. dio you gave Uds. dieron you (plural) gaveir (to go)yo fui I went nosotros/nosotras we wentfuimostú fuiste you wentél/ella fuehe/she went ellos/ellas fueron they wentUd. fue you went Uds. fueron you (plural) wentGrammar Essentials 195ser (to be)yo fui I was nosotros/nosotras we werefuimostú fuiste you wereél/ella fue he/she was ellos/ellas fueron they wereUd. fue you were Uds. fueron you (plural) werever (to see)yo vi I saw nosotros/nosotras we sawvimostú viste you sawél/ella vio he/she saw ellos/ellas vieron they sawUd. vio you saw Uds. vieron you (plural) sawVerbs with Special ChangesSome Spanish verbs have irregular stems in the preterite. For example:Verb Preterite Stemestar to be estuv-hacer to do/make hic-poner to put pus-venir to come vin-To form the preterite of these verbs, add the following to the irregularstem:For Add For Addyo -e nosotros/nosotras -imostú -isteél/ella -o ellos/ellas -ieronUd. -o Uds. -ieronFor example:I was at the museum yesterday. Yo estuve en el museo ayer.You did the chores. Tú hiciste los quehaceres.He put the books on the shelf. Él puso los libros en el estante.We came to the party at eight. Nosotros vinimos a la fiesta a lasocho.196 Appendix BThe following verbs also have an irregular stem:Verb Irregular Stemdecir to say/tell dij-traer to bring traj-To form the preterite of these verbs, add the following to the irregularstem:For Add For Addyo -e nosotros/nosotras -imostú -isteél/ella -o ellos/ellas -eronUd. -o Uds. -eronFor example:We told the truth. Nosotros dijimos la verdad.They brought the food. Ellos trajeron la comida.The FutureSpanish speakers use the present tense of the verb ir � a � an infinitive totalk about what they are going to do in the future. For example:When are you going to iron? ¿Cuándo vas a planchar?I am going to iron tomorrow. Voy a planchar mañana.Remember that when using a reflexive verb in any tense, you must alsouse the reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nos, and se). Note the followingexample using the verb vestirse:Are you going to get dressed for ¿Te vas a vestir para la fiesta?the party?The following words and expressions are useful when talking about thefuture:this morning esta mañanathis afternoon esta tardethis month este mesGrammar Essentials 197next month el mes próximotonight (this evening) esta nochetoday hoytomorrow mañanathe day after tomorrow pasado mañanathis year este añonext year el año próximothis spring esta primaveranext spring la primavera próximaCommandsTelling Someone to Do Something (Ud./Uds.)When addressing someone formally (Ud./Uds.), one way of telling him orher to do something is to give a direct command.To give this type of command in Spanish, remove the -o ending fromthe yo form of the present tense, and add one of the following endings:For -ar verbs, add:-e if the command is given to one person.-en if the command is given to more than one person.For -er and -ir verbs, add:-a if the command is given to one person.-an if the command is given to more than one person.Verb Yo Form Singular Command Plural Commandcortar corto corte cortenbarrer barro barra barranescribir escribo escriba escribanFor example:Mow the lawn. Corten (Uds.) el césped.Write a list. Escriba (Ud.) una lista.198 Appendix BIf the yo form of the present tense does not end in -o, the commandform is irregular. The following verbs are irregular in the command form:Infinitive Present Tense Yo Form Ud. Command Uds. Commanddar doy dé denestar estoy esté esténir voy vaya vayanser soy sea seansaber sé sepa sepanFor example:Go to the grocery store. Vaya (Ud.) a la bodega.Be here early. Estén (Uds.) aquí temprano.Telling Someone Not to Do Something (Ud./Uds.)To tell someone not to do something, put no before the command.Don’t put the wineglasses No ponga (Ud.) las copas in the dishwasher. en el lavaplatos.Don’t open the windows. No abran (Uds.) las ventanas.Telling Someone to Do Something (with Tú)If you want to use the more informal tú singular command, use the él formof the present tense (without the él).Eat the vegetables. Come los vegetales.Drink milk every day. Toma leche todos los días.Several important verbs are irregular in the tú command:be sé Be good. Sé bueno.come ven Come here. Ven acá.do haz Do the homework. Haz la tarea.go ve Go to the library. Ve a la biblioteca.leave sal Leave early. Sal temprano.put pon Put the books in the backpack. Pon los libros en la mochila.tell di Tell the truth. Di la verdad.Grammar Essentials 199Telling Someone Not to Do Something (with Tú)To tell someone (tú singular) not to do something, add -s to the negativeUd. command.For example:Negative TúEnglish Command Negative Ud. Command CommandDon’t come late. No venga tarde. No vengas tarde.Don’t open the door. No abra la puerta. No abras la puerta.Other Ways to Tell Someone to Do SomethingThere are many expressions that can be used with an infinitive to givecommands. Some important ones are:Do me the favor of . . . Haga el favor de � infinitiveIt is necessary to . . . Es necesario � infinitiveIt is important to . . . Es importante � infinitive. . . must be done Hay que � infinitiveIt is better to . . . Es mejor � infinitiveWould you . . . ? ¿Podría � infinitive?For example:Do me the favor of arriving Haga el favor de llegar tempranoearly tomorrow. mañana.It is better to wash the dishes. Es mejor fregar los platos.Of course, “please” (por favor) and “thank you” (gracias) always go along way.Asking QuestionsYes/No QuestionsThe simplest way to ask yes/no questions is to raise the pitch of your voiceat the end of the sentence:Are you coming tomorrow? ¿Viene Ud. mañana?200 Appendix BWhen asking for confirmation/rejection of a statement, the questionwords ¿verdad? or ¿no? (meaning “right?”) are added at the end of thestatement. Raise the pitch of your voice when saying ¿verdad? or ¿no?You like hamburgers, right? Te gustan las hamburguesas, ¿verdad?Questions Asking for a Specific Piece of InformationUse the following question words to obtain specific information:To Ask Use To Ask UseWhere? ¿Dónde? Who? ¿Quién?/¿Quiénes?From where? ¿De dónde? Whose? ¿De quién/quiénes?To where? ¿Adónde? With whom? ¿Con quién/quiénes?When? ¿Cuándo? For whom? ¿Para quién/quiénes?For when? ¿Para cuándo? Why? ¿Por qué?What? ¿Qué? How? ¿Cómo?With what? ¿Con qué? How many? ¿Cuántos?/¿Cuántas?For what? ¿Para qué? How much? ¿Cuánto?/¿Cuánta?For example:Where are you going? ¿Adónde va Ud.?When does Sonia arrive? ¿Cuándo llega Sonia?Whose computer is it? ¿De quiénes es la computadora?Negative SentencesTo make a sentence negative in Spanish, place no before the verb.I do not travel by subway. No viajo en metro.Other negative words that can be placed before the verb are:nada nothing nunca nevernadie no one/nobody tampoco neitherninguno(a) none/no oneGrammar Essentials 201These negative words can also be placed after the verb but, if they are,the sentence must have another negative word before the verb. Themeaning is exactly the same.Nobody is going. Nadie va. � No va nadie.The affirmative counterparts of the negative words are:Negative Affirmativenada nothing algo somethingnadie no one/nobody alguien someone/anybodyninguno(a) none/no one alguno(a) some/someonealgunos(as) some/anynunca never siempre alwaystampoco neither también also202 Appendix BAppendix CDictionaryEnglish-SpanishAa/an: un/una (oon/oo-nah)able (to be): poder (ue) (poh-dehr)accident: el accidente (ehl ahk-see-dehn-teh)add (to): añadir (ah-nyah-deer)address: la dirección (lah dee-rehk-syohn)afraid (to be [feel]): tener miedo (teh-nehr myeh-doh)after: después (dehs-pwehs)afternoon: la tarde (lah tahr-deh)again: de nuevo/otra vez (deh nweh-boh/oh-trah behs)agree (to): estar de acuerdo (ehs-tahr deh ah-kwehr-doh)air conditioner: el aire acondicionado (ehlah-ee-reh ah-kohn-dee-syoh-nah-doh)alarm: la alarma (lah ah-lahr-mah)alive: vivo (bee-boh)allergy: la alergia (lah ah-lehr-hyah)allow (to): permitir (pehr-mee-teer)also: también (tahm-byehn)always: siempre (syehm-preh)ambulance: la ambulancia (lah ahm-boo-lahn-syah)and: y (ee)ankle: el tobillo (ehl toh-bee-yoh)another: otro (oh-troh)apartment: el apartamento (ehl ah-pahr-tah-mehn-toh)203Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. apple: la manzana (lah mahn-sah-nah)application: la solicitud (lah soh-lee-see-tood)appointment: la cita (lah see-tah)arm: el brazo (ehl brah-soh)arrive (to): llegar (yeh-gahr)ask for (to)/request (to): pedir (i) (peh-deer)aspirin: la aspirina (lah ahs-pee-ree-nah)at least: por lo menos (pohr loh meh-nohs)ATM: el cajero automático (ehl kah-heh-roh ah-oo-toh-mah-tee-koh)attend (to): asistir a (ah-sees-teer ah)attic: el desván (ehl dehs-bahn)aunt: la tía (lah tee-ah)autumn: el otoño (ehl oh-toh-nyoh)available: disponible (dees-poh-nee-bleh)avenue: la avenida (lah ah-beh-nee-dah)Bbaby bottle: el biberón (ehl bee-beh-rohn)back (body): la espalda (lah ehs-pahl-dah)back (bottom): el fondo (ehl fohn-doh)backpack: la mochila (lah moh-chee-lah)backyard: el patio (ehl pah-tyoh)bacon: el tocino (ehl toh-see-noh)badly: mal (mahl)bag: la bolsa (lah bohl-sah)bakery: la panadería (lah pah-nah-deh-ree-ah)balcony: el balcón (ehl bahl-kohn)bald: calvo (kahl-boh)ball: la pelota/el balón (lah peh-loh-tah/ehl bah-lohn)ballpoint pen: el bolígrafo (ehl boh-lee-grah-foh)banana: el plátano (ehl plah-tah-noh)bandage (to): vendar (behn-dahr)band-aid: la curita (lah koo-ree-tah)bank: el banco (ehl bahn-koh)barbershop: la barbería (lah bahr-beh-ree-ah)bargain: la ganga (lah gahn-gah)basement: el sótano (ehl soh-tah-noh)204 Appendix Cbasket: la cesta/la canasta (lah sehs-ta/lah kah-nahs-tah)bathroom: el baño (ehl bah-nyoh)bathtub: la bañera (lah bah-nyeh-rah)battery: la batería/la pila (lah bah-teh-ree-ah/lah pee-lah)be (to): ser (irr.) (sehr)/estar (irr.) (ehs-tahr)beach: la playa (lah plah-yah) bean: el frijol (ehl free-hohl)bear: el oso (ehl oh-soh)beard: la barba (lah bahr-bah)beauty salon: la peluquería (lah peh-loo-keh-ree-ah)because: porque (pohr-keh)bed: la cama (lah kah-mah)bedroom: el dormitorio/el cuarto de dormir (ehl dohr-mee-toh-ryoh/ehl kwahr-toh deh dohr-meer)beef: la carne de vaca (lah kahr-neh deh bah-kah)beer: la cerveza (lah sehr-beh-sah)before: antes (ahn-tehs)begin (to): empezar (ie) (ehm-peh-sahr)behave (to): portarse (pohr-tahr-seh)behavior: el comportamiento (ehl kohm-pohr-tah-myehn-toh)behind: detrás (deh-trahs)belt: el cinturón (ehl seen-too-rohn)bench: el banco (ehl bahn-koh)between: entre (ehn-treh)bib: el babero (ehl bah-beh-roh)bicycle: la bicicleta (lah bee-see-kleh-tah)big: grande (grahn-deh)bill (account): la cuenta (lah kwehn-tah)bird: el pájaro (ehl pah-hah-roh)black: negro (neh-groh)blanket: la frazada: (lah frah-sah-dah)bleach: el blanqueador/el cloro/la lejía (ehl blahn-keh-ah-dohr/ehl kloh-roh/lah leh-hee-ah)block (toy): el bloque (ehl bloh-keh)blond: rubio (rroo-byoh)blood: la sangre (lah sahn-greh)blouse: la blusa (lah bloo-sah)Dictionary 205blue: azul (ah-sool)body: el cuerpo (ehl kwehr-poh)boil (to): hervir (ie) (ehr-beer)book: el libro (ehl lee-broh)bookcase: el estante (ehl ehs-tahn-teh)bookstore: la librería (lah lee-breh-ree-ah)borrow (to): pedir (i) prestado (peh-deer prehs-tah-doh)boss: el jefe/la jefa (ehl heh-feh/lah heh-fah)bottle: la botella (lah boh-teh-yah)bottom: el fondo (ehl fohn-doh)boulevard: el paseo (ehl pah-seh-oh)bowl: el tazón/el sopero (ehl tah-sohn/ehl soh-peh-roh)box: la caja (lah kah-hah)brace: el corrector (ehl koh-rrehk-tohr)branch: la rama (lah rrah-mah)brand: la marca (lah mahr-kah)brave: valiente (bah-lyehn-teh)bread: el pan (ehl pahn)break (to): romper (rrohm-pehr)breakfast: el desayuno (ehl deh-sah-yoo-noh)breathe (to): respirar (rrehs-pee-rahr)bridge: el puente (ehl pwehn-teh)bring (to): traer (irr.) (trah-ehr)broccoli: el brécol (ehl breh-kohl)broken: roto (rroh-toh)broom: la escoba (lah ehs-koh-bah)broth: el caldo (ehl kahl-do)brother: el hermano (ehl ehr-mah-noh)brother-in-law: el cuñado (ehl koo-nyah-doh)brown: marrón (mah-rrohn)brush (to): cepillar (seh-pee-yahr)brush: el cepillo (ehl seh-pee-yoh)bucket: el cubo (ehl koo-boh)building: el edificio (ehl eh-dee-fee-syoh)bulb: la bombilla (lah bohm-bee-yah)bunch: el atado/el manojo/el racimo (ehl ah-tah-doh/ehl mah-noh-hoh/ehl rrah-see-moh)206 Appendix Cburn: la quemadura (lah keh-mah-doo-rah)burn (to): quemar (keh-mahr)bus: el autobús (ehl ah-oo-toh-boos)bus stop: la parada de autobuses (lah pah-rah-dah deh ah-oo-toh-boo-sehs)bush: el arbusto (ehl ahr-boos-toh)busy: ocupado (oh-koo-pah-doh)butcher shop: la carnicería (lah kahr-nee-seh-ree-ah)butter: la mantequilla (lah mahn-teh-kee-yah)button: el botón (ehl boh-tohn)buy (to): comprar (kohm-prahr)Ccab: el taxi (ehl tahk-see)cabinet (display): la vitrina (lah bee-tree-nah)cage: la jaula (lah ha-oo-lah)call (to): llamar (yah-mahr)calm: tranquilo/quieto (trahn-kee-loh/kyeh-toh)can: la lata (lah lah-tah)can opener: el abrelatas (ehl ah-breh-lah-tahs)candle: la vela (lah beh-lah)cap: la gorra (lah goh-rrah)car: el coche/el carro (ehl koh-cheh/ehl kah-rroh)car seat: la sillita de seguridad para niños (lah see-yee-tah deh seh-goo-ree-dahd pah-rah nee-nyohs)care: el cuidado (ehl kwee-dah-doh)carpenter: el carpintero/la carpintera (ehl kahr-peen-teh-roh/lah kahr-peen-teh-rah)carpet: la alfombra (lah ahl-fohm-brah)carrot: la zanahoria (lah sah-nah-oh-ryah)carry (to): llevar (yeh-bahr)cart: el carrito (ehl kah-rree-toh)cash: el dinero en efectivo (ehl dee-neh-roh ehn eh-fehk-tee-boh)cash register: la caja (lah kah-hah)cat: el gato (ehl gah-toh)ceiling: el techo (ehl teh-choh)celery: el apio (ehl ah-pyoh)Dictionary 207cell phone: el teléfono celular (ehl teh-leh-foh-noh seh-loo-lahr)cement: el cemento (ehl seh-mehn-toh)cent: el centavo (ehl sehn-tah-boh)cereal: el cereal (ehl seh-reh-ahl)certified: certificado (sehr-tee-fee-kah-doh)chair: la silla (lah see-yah)change (to): cambiar (kahm-byahr)check: el cheque (ehl cheh-keh)checking account: la cuenta corriente (lah kwehn-tah koh-rryehn-teh)cheek: la mejilla (lah meh-hee-yah)cheese: el queso (ehl keh-soh)cherry: la cereza (lah seh-reh-sah)chest (body): el pecho (ehl peh-choh)chicken: el pollo (ehl poh-yoh)chimney: la chimenea (lah chee-meh-neh-ah)chin: la barbilla (lah bahr-bee-yah)choose (to): escoger (irr.) (ehs-koh-hehr)chores: los quehaceres (lohs keh-ah-seh-rehs)church: la iglesia (lah ee-gleh-syah)cinnamon: la canela (lah kah-neh-lah)clamp: la abrazadera (lah ah-brah-sah-deh-rah)clean (to): limpiar (leem-pyahr)clean: limpio (leem-pyoh)clinic: la clínica (lah klee-nee-kah)clock: el reloj (ehl rreh-loh)clogged: atascado (ah-tahs-kah-doh)close (to): cerrar (ie) (seh-rrahr)closed: cerrado (seh-rrah-doh)closet: el armario (ehl ahr-mah-ryoh)clothes: la ropa (lah rroh-pah)clutch (car): el embrague (ehl ehm-brah-geh)coat: el abrigo/el sobretodo (ehl ah-bree-goh/ehl soh-breh-toh-doh)coffee: el café (ehl kah-feh)coffee filter: el filtro de café (ehl feel-troh deh kah-feh)coffee pot: la cafetera (lah kah-feh-teh-rah)coffee shop: el café (ehl kah-feh)coffee table: la mesita de centro (lah meh-see-tah deh sehn-troh)208 Appendix Ccoin: la moneda (lah moh-neh-dah)cold (illness): el resfriado/el catarro (ehl rrehs-fryah-doh/ehl kah-tah-rroh)cold (temperature): frío (free-oh)collar: el collar (ehl koh-yahr)college (university): la universidad (lah oo-nee-behr-see-dahd)color: el color (ehl koh-lohr)comb: el peine (ehl peh-ee-neh)comb (to):peinar (peh-ee-nahr)come (to): venir (irr.) (beh-neer)compost (fertilizer): el abono (ehl ah-boh-noh)computer: la computadora (lah kohm-poo-tah-doh-rah)concrete: el hormigón/el concreto (ehl ohr-mee-gohn/ehl kohn-kreh-toh)condiment: el condimento (ehl kohn-dee-mehn-toh)confused: confundido (kohn-foon-dee-doh)container: el envase/el recipiente (ehl ehn-bah-seh/ehl rreh-see-pyehn-teh)contract: el contrato (ehl kohn-trah-toh)contractor: el/la contratista (ehl/lah kohn-trah-tees-tah)cook (to): cocinar (koh-see-nahr)cookie: la galleta (lah gah-yeh-tah)cool: fresco (frehs-koh)corkscrew: el sacacorchos (ehl sah-kah-kohr-chohs)corn: el maíz (ehl mah-ees)corner (inside): el rincón (ehl rreen-kohn)corner (outside): la esquina (lah ehs-kee-nah)cornmeal: la harina de maíz (lah ah-ree-nah deh mah-ees)cost (to): costar (ue) (kohs-tahr)cotton: el algodón (ehl ahl-goh-dohn)cough: la tos (lah tohs)cough (to): toser (toh-sehr)counter (store): el mostrador (ehl mohs-trah-dohr)country: el país (ehl pah-ees)coupon: el cupón (ehl koo-pohn)courteous: cortés (kohr-tehs)cousin: el primo/la prima (ehl pree-moh/lah pree-mah)Dictionary 209cover: la cubierta (lah koo-byehr-tah)cow: la vaca (lah bah-kah)crack: la grieta (lah gryeh-tah)cracker: la galleta salada (lah gah-yeh-tah sah-lah-dah)crazy: loco (loh-koh)cream: la crema (lah kreh-mah)credit card: la tarjeta de crédito (lah tahr-heh-tah deh kreh-dee-toh)crib: la cuna (lah koo-nah)criticize (to): criticar (kree-tee-kahr)cucumber: el pepino (ehl peh-pee-noh)cuff (shirt): el puño (ehl poo-nyoh)cup: la taza (lah tah-sah)cupboard: el armario/la alacena (ehl ahr-mah-ryoh/lah ah-lah-seh-nah)cure: el remedio (ehl rreh-meh-dyoh)curtain: la cortina (lah kohr-tee-nah)cushion: el cojín (ehl koh-heen)cut (to): cortar (kohr-tahr)cutlery: los cubiertos (lohs koo-byehr-tohs)cutting board: la tabla para cortar (lah tah-blah pah-rah kohr-tahr)Ddandelion: el diente de león (ehl dyehn-teh deh leh-ohn)dangerous: peligroso (peh-lee-groh-soh)dark: oscuro (ohs-koo-roh)date (on calendar): la fecha (lah feh-chah)date (with a person): la cita (lah see-tah)daughter: la hija (lah ee-hah)daughter-in-law: la nuera (lah nweh-rah)day: el día (ehl dee-ah)dead: muerto (mwehr-toh)deadbolt (lock): el pestillo (ehl pehs-tee-yoh)debit card: la tarjeta de cobro automático (lah tahr-heh-tah deh koh-broh ah-oo-toh-mah-tee-koh)delicious: delicioso/rico (deh-lee-syoh-soh/rree-koh)deliver (to): repartir (rreh-pahr-teer)denim: la mezclilla (lah mehs-klee-yah)deodorant: el desodorante (ehl deh-soh-doh-rahn-teh)210 Appendix Cdepartment store: el almacén (ehl ahl-mah-sehn)describe (to): describir (dehs-kree-beer)desk: el escritorio (ehl ehs-kree-toh-ryoh)dessert: el postre (ehl pohs-treh)detergent: el detergente (ehl deh-tehr-gehn-teh)device: el aparato (ehl ah-pah-rah-toh)dial tone: el tono de marcar (ehl toh-noh deh mahr-kahr)diaper: el pañal (ehl pah-nyahl)die (to): morir (ue) (moh-reer)dig (to): excavar (ehs-kah-bahr)dine (to): cenar (seh-nahr)dining room: el comedor (ehl koh-meh-dohr)dinner: la cena (lah seh-nah)dirty: sucio (soo-syoh)discount: el descuento (ehl dehs-kwehn-toh)discover (to): descubrir (dehs-koo-breer)discuss (to): discutir (dees-koo-teer)dishwasher: el lavaplatos (ehl lah-bah-plah-tohs)disinfect (to): desinfectar (deh-seen-fehk-tahr)disinfectant: el desinfectante (ehl deh-seen-fehk-tahn-teh)disorganized: desorganizado (deh-sohr-gah-nee-sah-doh)disposable: desechable (deh-seh-chah-bleh)do (to): hacer (irr.) (ah-sehr)doctor: el médico/la médica (ehl meh-dee-koh/lah meh-dee-kah)doctor’s office: el consultorio del médico(ehl kohn-sool-toh-ryoh dehlmeh-dee-koh)dog: el perro (ehl peh-rroh)dog food: la comida para perros (lah koh-mee-dah pah-rah peh-rrohs)dollar: el dólar (ehl doh-lahr)door: la puerta (lah pwehr-tah)doorbell: el timbre (ehl teem-breh)doorknob: el tirador (ehl tee-rah-dohr)doorman: el portero (ehl pohr-teh-roh)downstairs: abajo (ah-bah-hoh)downtown: el centro (ehl sehn-troh)dozen: la docena (lah doh-seh-nah)drain: el desagüe (ehl deh-sah-gweh)Dictionary 211drawer: el cajón (ehl kah-hohn)dress: el vestido (ehl behs-tee-doh)dress (to): vestirse (i) (behs-teer-se)dresser: la cómoda (lah koh-moh-dah)drill: el taladro (ehl tah-lah-droh)drink (to): beber/tomar (beh-behr/toh-mahr)drink: la bebida (lah beh-bee-dah)drive (to): conducir (irr.) (kohn-doo-seer)driver: el conductor (ehl kohn-dook-tohr)driver’s license: el permiso de conducir (ehl pehr-mee-soh deh kohn-doo-seer)driveway: la entrada (para carros) (lah ehn-trah-dah [pah-rah kah-rrohs])drop (liquid): la gota (lah goh-tah)drugstore: la farmacia (lah fahr-mah-syah)dry: seco (seh-koh)dry (to): secar (seh-kahr)dry cleaners: la tintorería (lah teen-toh-reh-ree-ah)dryer (clothes): la secadora (lah seh-kah-doh-rah)duct: el conducto (ehl kohn-dook-toh)dumb: tonto (tohn-toh)dump: el basurero (ehl bah-soo-reh-roh)dust (to): sacudir el polvo (sah-koo-deer ehl pohl-boh)dust: el polvo (ehl pohl-boh)DVD: el DVD (ehl deh beh deh)Eeach: cada (kah-dah)ear: la oreja (lah oh-reh-hah)ear (inner): el oído (ehl oh-ee-doh)earache: el dolor de oído (ehl doh-lohr deh oh-ee-doh)early: temprano (tehm-prah-noh)east: el este (ehl ehs-teh)eat (to): comer (koh-mehr)edge: el borde (ehl bohr-deh)egg: el huevo (ehl weh-boh)egg white: la clara (lah klah-rah)212 Appendix Cegg yolk: la yema (lah yeh-mah)eight: ocho (oh-choh)elbow: el codo (ehl koh-doh)electrical: eléctrico (eh-lehk-tree-koh)electrical cord: el cordón eléctrico (ehl kohr-dohn eh-lehk-tree-koh)electrical outlet: el enchufe (ehl ehn-choo-feh)elevator: el ascensor (ehl ah-sehn-sohr)emergency: la emergencia (lah eh-mehr-hehn-syah)employee: el empleado (ehl ehm-pleh-ah-doh)employment: el empleo (ehl ehm-pleh-oh)empty: vacío (bah-see-oh)empty (to): vaciar (bah-see-ahr)end: el fin (ehl feen)engine: el motor (ehl moh-tohr)entrance: la entrada (lah ehn-trah-dah)envelope: el sobre (ehl soh-breh)estimate: el presupuesto (ehl preh-soo-pwehs-toh)evening: la noche (lah noh-cheh)exercise: el ejercicio (ehl eh-hehr-see-syoh)exhaust (car): el escape (ehl ehs-kah-peh)exit: la salida (lah sah-lee-dah)expensive: caro (kah-roh)experience: la experiencia (lah ehs-peh-ryehn-syah)exterminator: el fumigador (ehl foo-mee-gah-dohr)eye: el ojo (ehl oh-hoh)eyebrow: la ceja (lah seh-hah)eyeglasses: los anteojos (lohs ahn-teh-oh-hohs)Fface: la cara (lah kah-rah)facing: frente a (frehn-teh ah)fall (to): caerse (irr.) (kah-ehr-seh)family: la familia (lah fah-mee-lyah)fan: el ventilador (ehl behn-tee-lah-dohr)far: lejos (leh-hohs)farm: la finca (lah feen-kah)fast: rápido (rrah-pee-doh)Dictionary 213fat: gordo/grueso (gohr-doh/grweh-soh)fat-free: sin grasa (seen grah-sah)father: el padre (ehl pah-dreh)father-in-law: el suegro (ehl sweh-groh)faucet: la llave/el grifo (lah yah-beh/ehl gree-foh)feather: la pluma (lah ploo-mah)feed (to): dar de comer/alimentar (dahr deh koh-mehr/ah-lee-mehn-tahr)fence: la cerca (lah sehr-kah)fertilizer: el abono (ehl ah-boh-noh)fever: la fiebre (lah fyeh-breh)field: el campo (ehl kahm-poh)file cabinet: el fichero (ehl fee-cheh-roh)filter: el filtro (ehl feel-troh)finally: por fin (pohr feen)finger: el dedo (ehl deh-doh)finish (to): terminar (tehr-mee-nahr)fire: el fuego (ehl fweh-goh)fire extinguisher: el extintor (ehl ehs-teen-tohr)fireplace: la chimenea (lah chee-meh-neh-ah)first: primer/primero (pree-mehr/pree-meh-roh)first aid kit: la caja de primeros auxilios (lah kah-hah deh pree-meh-rohs ah-oo-see-lyohs)fish (live): el pez (ehl pehs)fish (in a meal): el pescado (ehl pehs-kah-doh)five: cinco (seen-koh)fix (to): arreglar (ah-rreh-glahr)flagstone: la losa (lah loh-sah)flannel: la franela (lah frah-neh-lah)flashlight: la linterna (lah leen-tehr-nah)flat tire: la llanta pinchada (lah yahn-tah peen-chah-dah)floor (story): el piso (ehl pee-soh)flour: la harina (lah ah-ree-nah)flower: la flor (lah flohr)flower bed: el cantero (ehl kahn-teh-roh)flowerpot: la maceta/el tiesto (lah mah-seh-tah/ehl tyehs-toh)flu: la gripe (lah gree-peh)214 Appendix Cfold (to): doblar (doh-blahr)food: la comida (lah koh-mee-dah)food store: la tienda de comestibles (lah tyehn-dah deh koh-mehs-tee-blehs)foot: el pie (ehl pyeh)fork: el tenedor (ehl teh-neh-dohr)foundation: la fundación/el cimiento (lah foon-dah-syohn/ehl see-myehn-toh)fountain: la fuente (lah fwehn-teh)four: cuatro (kwah-troh)frame: la armadura (lah ahr-mah-doo-rah)free: libre (lee-breh)fresh: fresco (frehs-koh)Friday: el viernes (ehl byehr-nehs)fried: frito (free-toh)friendly: amistoso (ah-mees-toh-soh)from: de (deh)front: el frente (ehl frehn-teh)frozen: congelado (kohn-heh-lah-doh)fruit: la fruta (lah froo-tah)fry (to): freír (irr.) (freh-eer)frying pan: la sartén (lah sahr-tehn)full: lleno (yeh-noh)fun: divertido (dee-behr-tee-doh)fur: la piel (lah pyehl)furniture: los muebles (lohs mweh-blehs)fuse box: la caja de fusibles (lah kah-hah deh foo-see-blehs)Ggallon: el galón (ehl gah-lohn)garage door: la puerta del garaje (lah pwehr-tah dehl gah-rah-heh)garbage: la basura (lah bah-soo-rah)garbage can: el cubo de basura (ehl koo-boh deh bah-soo-rah)garden: el jardín (ehl hahr-deen)gardener: el jardinero/la jardinera (ehl hahr-dee-neh-roh/lah hahr-dee-neh-rah)garlic: el ajo (ehl ah-hoh)Dictionary 215gas: el gas (ehl gahs)gas station: la gasolinera (lah gah-soh-lee-neh-rah)gasoline: la gasolina (lah gah-soh-lee-nah)gate (garden): la verja (lah behr-hah)gear (car): el engranaje (ehl ehn-grah-nah-heh)gearshift: la palanca de cambio (lah pah-lahn-kah deh kahm-byoh)generous: generoso (heh-neh-roh-soh)get (to): conseguir (irr.)/obtener (irr.) (kohn-seh-geer/ob-teh-nehr)get off (to): bajarse de (bah-hahr-seh deh)get on (to): subir a (soo-beer ah)get up (to): levantarse (leh-bahn-tahr-seh)give (to): dar (irr.) (dahr)glass (material): el vidrio (ehl bee-dryoh)glass (drinking): el vaso (ehl bah-soh)glove: el guante (ehl gwahn-teh)glove compartment: la guantera (lah gwahn-teh-rah)glue: la cola/la goma (lah koh-lah/lah goh-mah)go (to): ir (irr.) (eer)go down (descend) (to): bajar (bah-hahr)go out (to): salir (irr.) (sah-leer)go shopping (to): ir de compras (eer deh kohm-prahs)go to bed (to): acostarse (ue) (ah-kohs-tahr-seh)godfather: el padrino (ehl pah-dree-noh)godmother: la madrina (lah mah-dree-nah)gold: el oro (ehl oh-roh)golf (to): jugar golf (hoo-gahr gohlf )good: bueno (bweh-noh)good-bye: adiós (ah-dyohs)grain: el grano (ehl grah-noh)gram: el gramo (ehl grah-moh)granddaughter: la nieta (lah nyeh-tah)grandfather: el abuelo (ehl ah-bweh-loh)grandmother: la abuela (lah ah-bweh-lah)grandson: el nieto (ehl nyeh-toh)grape: la uva (lah oo-bah)grapefruit: la toronja (lah toh-rohn-hah)grass: la hierba (lah yehr-bah)gravel: la grava (lah grah-bah)216 Appendix Cgray: gris (grees)great: estupendo (ehs-too-pehn-doh)green: verde (behr-deh)greet (to): saludar (sah-loo-dahr)grill: la parrilla (lah pah-rree-yah)grocery store: la bodega (lah boh-deh-gah)ground beef: la carne molida (lah kahr-neh moh-lee-dah)guest: el invitado/la invitada (ehl een-bee-tah-doh/lah een-bee-tah-dah)gym: el gimnasio (ehl heem-nah-syoh)Hhair: el pelo/el cabello (ehl peh-loh/ehl kah-beh-yoh)hairdresser: el barbero; el peluquero/la peluquera (ehl bahr-beh-roh; ehlpeh-loo-keh-roh/lah peh-loo-keh-rah)half: la mitad (lah mee-tahd)half: medio (meh-dyoh)hallway: el pasillo (ehl pah-see-yoh)ham: el jamón (ehl hah-mohn)hammer: el martillo (ehl mahr-tee-yoh)hand: la mano (lah mah-noh)handkerchief: el pañuelo (ehl pah-nyweh-loh)hanger: la percha (lah pehr-chah)happy: alegre/contento (ah-leh-greh/kohn-tehn-toh)hard (tough): duro (doo-roh)hard-working: trabajador (trah-bah-hah-dohr)hat: el sombrero (ehl sohm-breh-roh)have (to): tener (irr.) (teh-nehr)have a good time (to): divertirse (ie) (dee-behr-teer-seh)he: él (ehl)head: la cabeza (lah kah-beh-sah)headache: el dolor de cabeza (ehl doh-lohr deh kah-beh-sah)health: la salud (lah sah-lood)healthy: saludable/sano (sah-loo-dah-bleh/sah-noh)hear (to): oír (irr.) (oh-eer)heart: el corazón (ehl koh-rah-sohn)heat: la calefacción (lah kah-leh-fahk-syohn)heater: el calentador (ehl kah-lehn-tah-dohr)Dictionary 217heavy: pesado (peh-sah-doh)heel: el tacón (ehl tah-kohn)height: la altura (lah ahl-too-rah)helmet: el casco (ehl kahs-koh)help (to): ayudar (ah-yoo-dahr)helper: el/la ayudante (ehl/lah ah-yoo-dahn-teh)hem: el falso (ehl fahl-soh)her: su (soo)here: aquí (ah-kee)hinge: la bisagra (lah bee-sah-grah)hip: la cadera (lah kah-deh-rah)his: su (soo)hit (to): golpear (gohl-peh-ahr)hole: el hoyo (ehl oh-yoh)holiday: la fiesta nacional (lah fyehs-tah nah-syoh-nahl)holy day: la fiesta religiosa (lah fyehs-tah rreh-lee-hyoh-sah)homework: la tarea (lah tah-reh-ah)honest (trustworthy): honrado (ohn-rrah-doh)horn: la bocina (lah boh-see-nah)horse: el caballo (ehl kah-bah-yoh)horsepower: el caballo de fuerza (ehl kah-bah-yoh deh fwehr-sah)hose (garden): la manguera (lah mahn-geh-rah)hospital: el hospital (ehl ohs-pee-tahl)hot: caliente (kah-lyehn-teh)house: la casa (lah kah-sah)how: cómo (koh-moh)how many: cuántos/cuántas (kwahn-tohs/kwahn-tahs)how much: cuánto/cuánta (kwahn-toh/kwahn-tah)hungry (to be [feel]): tener hambre (teh-nehr ahm-breh)hurry (to): apresurarse/darse prisa (ah-preh-soo-rahr-seh/dahr-sehpree-sah)husband: el esposo (ehl ehs-poh-soh)hurt (ache) (to): doler (ue) (doh-lehr)II: yo (yoh)ice: el hielo (ehl yeh-loh)218 Appendix Cillness: la enfermedad (lah ehn-fehr-meh-dahd)immediately: en seguida/inmediatamente (ehn seh-gee-dah/een-meh-dyah-tah-mehn-teh)in: en (ehn)inch: la pulgada (lah pool-gah-dah)include (to): incluir (irr.) (een-kloo-eer)independent: independiente (ehn-deh-pehn-dyehn-teh)inexpensive: barato (bah-rah-toh)infected: infectado (een-fehk-tah-doh)ingredient: el ingrediente (ehl een-greh-dyehn-teh)ink: la tinta (lah teen-tah)insecticide: el insecticida (ehl een-sehk-tee-see-dah)insert (to): meter (meh-tehr)inside: adentro (ah-dehn-troh)insurance: el seguro (ehl seh-goo-roh)intelligent: inteligente/listo (een-teh-lee-hehn-teh/lees-toh)interested: interesado (een-teh-reh-sah-doh)interesting: interesante (een-teh-reh-sahn-teh)intersection: la bocacalle (lah boh-kah-kah-yeh)interview: la entrevista (lah ehn-treh-bees-tah)iron (metal): el hierro (ehl yeh-rroh)iron (to): planchar (plahn-chahr)iron (clothes): la plancha (lah plahn-chah)Jjacket: el saco/la chaqueta (ehl sah-koh/lah chah-keh-tah)jail: la cárcel (lah kahr-sehl)janitor: el conserje (ehl kohn-sehr-heh)jar: el frasco/el pote/el jarro (ehl frahs-koh/ehl poh-teh/ehl hah-rroh)jeans: los blue jeans/los vaqueros (lohs bloo yeens/lohs bah-keh-rohs)jewelry: las joyas (lahs hoh-yahs)job: el trabajo/el empleo (ehl trah-bah-hoh/ehl ehm-pleh-oh)joint (pipe): la unión (lah oo-nyohn)juice: el jugo (ehl hoo-goh)just (fair): justo (hoos-toh)Dictionary 219Kkey: la llave (lah yah-beh)kilogram: el kilogramo (ehl kee-loh-grah-moh)kind: amable (ah-mah-bleh)kitchen: la cocina (lah koh-see-nah)knee: la rodilla (lah rroh-dee-yah)knife: el cuchillo (ehl koo-chee-yoh)know (information or facts) (to): saber (irr.) (sah-behr)know (be acquainted with) (to): conocer (irr.) (koh-noh-sehr)kosher: autorizado por la ley judía (ah-oo-toh-ree-sah-doh pohr lah leh-ee hoo-dee-ah)Llaborer: el obrero/la obrera (ehl oh-breh-roh/lah oh-breh-rah)ladder: la escalera (lah ehs-kah-leh-rah)lamb: el cordero (ehl kohr-deh-roh)lamp:la lámpara (lah lahm-pah-rah)large: grande (grahn-deh)last: último (ool-tee-moh)last name: el apellido (ehl ah-peh-yee-doh)last night: anoche (ah-noh-cheh)latch: el cerrojo (ehl seh-rroh-hoh)late: tarde (tahr-deh)later: luego/más tarde (lweh-goh/mahs tahr-deh)laundromat: la lavandería (lah lah-bahn-deh-ree-ah)laundry room: la lavandería (lah lah-bahn-deh-ree-ah)lawnmower: el cortacésped (ehl kohr-tah-sehs-pehd)leaf: la hoja (lah oh-hah)learn (to): aprender (ah-prehn-dehr)leash: la correa (lah koh-rreh-ah)leather: el cuero (ehl kweh-roh)leave (go out) (to): salir (irr.) (sah-leer)leave (behind) (to): dejar (deh-hahr)left: la izquierda (lah ees-kyehr-dah)leftovers: las sobras (lahs soh-brahs)leg: la pierna (lah pyehr-nah)220 Appendix Clemon: el limón (ehl lee-mohn)length: el largo (ehl lahr-goh)letter: la carta (lah kahr-tah)lettuce: la lechuga (lah leh-choo-gah)library: la biblioteca (lah bee-blyoh-teh-kah)lid (of pot): la tapa (lah tah-pah)lift (to): levantar (leh-bahn-tahr)light (color): claro (klah-roh)light: la luz (lah loos)light switch: el interruptor (ehl een-teh-rroop-tohr)like (to): gustar (goos-tahr)lime: la lima (lah lee-mah)lip: el labio (ehl lah-byoh)liquid: el líquido (ehl lee-kee-doh)listen (to): escuchar (ehs-koo-chahr)liter: el litro (ehl lee-troh)live (to): vivir (bee-beer)living room: la sala (lah sah-lah)load: la carga (lah kahr-gah)lock: la cerradura (lah seh-rrah-doo-rah)long: largo (lahr-goh)look for (to): buscar (boos-kahr)lose (to): perder (ie) (pehr-dehr)lost: perdido (pehr-dee-doh)lotion: la loción (lah loh-syohn)lucky (to be): tener suerte (teh-nehr swehr-teh)lukewarm: tibio (tee-byoh)lunch: el almuerzo (ehl ahl-mwehr-soh)lunch (to eat): almorzar (ue) (ahl-mohr-sahr)Mmachine: la máquina (lah mah-kee-nah)magazine: la revista (lah rreh-bees-tah)mail: la correspondencia (lah koh-rrehs-pohn-dehn-syah)mailbox: el buzón (ehl boo-sohn)make (to): hacer (irr.) (ah-sehr)make the bed (to): hacer la cama (ah-sehr lah kah-mah)Dictionary 221mall: el centro comercial (ehl sehn-troh koh-mehr-syahl)man: el hombre (ehl ohm-breh)manager: el/la gerente (ehl/lah heh-rehn-teh)marble: el mármol (ehl mahr-mohl)market: el mercado (ehl mehr-kah-doh)married: casado (kah-sah-doh)matches: los fósforos (lohs fohs-foh-rohs)material (cloth): la tela (lah teh-lah)material: el material (ehl mah-teh-ryahl)mattress: el colchón (ehl kohl-chohn)meal: la comida (lah koh-mee-dah)measurements: las medidas (lahs meh-dee-dahs)meat: la carne (lah kahr-neh)medicine chest: el botiquín (ehl boh-tee-keen)medium: mediano (meh-dyah-noh)message: el mensaje (ehl mehn-sah-heh)meter (measurement): el metro (ehl meh-troh)meter (utilities): el contador (ehl kohn-tah-dohr)microwave oven: el horno a microondas (ehl ohr-noh ah mee-kroh-ohn-dahs)middle: el medio (ehl meh-dyoh)midnight: la medianoche (lah meh-dyah-noh-cheh)milk: la leche (lah leh-cheh)mine: mío (mee-oh)mirror: el espejo (ehl ehs-peh-hoh)miss: la señorita (lah seh-nyoh-ree-tah)miss (to): echar de menos (eh-chahr deh meh-nohs)mister: el señor (ehl seh-nyohr)Monday: el lunes (ehl loo-nehs)money: el dinero (ehl dee-neh-roh)month: el mes (ehl mehs)mop: el trapeador (ehl trah-peh-ah-dohr)more: más (mahs)morning: la mañana (lah mah-nyah-nah)mosque: la mezquita (lah mehs-kee-tah)mosquito: el mosquito (ehl mohs-kee-toh)mother: la madre (lah mah-dreh)222 Appendix Cmother-in-law: la suegra (lah sweh-grah)motor: el motor (ehl moh-tohr)motorcycle: la motocicleta/la moto (lah moh-toh-see-kleh-tah/lah moh-toh)mouth: la boca (lah boh-kah)move (to): mover (ue) (moh-behr)movie: la película (lah peh-lee-koo-lah)movie theater: el cine (ehl see-neh)Mrs.: la señora (lah seh-nyoh-rah)museum: el museo (ehl moo-seh-oh)mushroom: la seta/el hongo (lah seh-tah/ehl ohn-goh)music: la música (lah moo-see-kah)mustard: la mostaza (lah mohs-tah-sah)my: mi (mee)Nnail (finger): la uña (lah oo-nyah)nail (metal): el clavo (ehl klah-boh)name: el nombre (ehl nohm-breh)named (to be): llamarse (yah-mahr-seh)nanny: la niñera (lah nee-nyeh-rah)nap: la siesta (lah syehs-tah)napkin: la servilleta (lah sehr-bee-yeh-tah)near: cerca (sehr-kah)neck: el cuello (ehl kweh-yoh)need (to): necesitar (neh-seh-see-tahr)needle: la aguja (lah ah-goo-hah)neighborhood: el barrio (ehl bah-rryoh)neither: tampoco (tahm-poh-koh)nervous: nervioso (nehr-byoh-soh)never: nunca (noon-kah)newspaper: el periódico (ehl peh-ryoh-dee-koh)next: próximo (prohk-see-moh)nice: simpático (seem-pah-tee-koh)night: la noche (lah noh-cheh)nine: nueve (nweh-beh)nobody (no one): nadie (nah-dyeh)Dictionary 223noise: el ruido (ehl rrwee-doh)noon: el mediodía (ehl meh-dyoh-dee-ah)north: el norte (ehl nohr-teh)nose: la nariz (lah nah-rees)not yet: todavía no (toh-dah-bee-ah noh)nothing: nada (nah-dah)now: ahora (ah-oh-rah)number: el número (ehl noo-meh-roh)nurse: el enfermero/la enfermera (ehl ehn-fehr-meh-roh/lah ehn-fehr-meh-rah)nut (metal): la tuerca (lah twehr-kah)nylon: el nilón (ehl nee-lohn)Oobedient: obediente (oh-beh-dyehn-teh)occupied: ocupado (oh-koo-pah-doh)of: de (deh)offer (to): ofrecer (irr.) (oh-freh-sehr)office: la oficina (lah oh-fee-see-nah)often: a menudo (ah meh-noo-doh)oil: el aceite (ehl ah-seh-ee-teh)olive: la aceituna (lah ah-seh-ee-too-nah)on: en (ehn)on time: a tiempo (ah tyehm-poh)onion: la cebolla (lah seh-boh-yah)only: sólo/solamente (soh-loh/soh-lah-mehn-teh)open (to): abrir (ah-breer)open: abierto (ah-byehr-toh)orange (color): anaranjado (ah-nah-rahn-hah-doh)orange (fruit): la naranja (lah nah-rahn-hah)order: la orden/el pedido (lah ohr-dehn/ehl peh-dee-doh)organized: organizado (ohr-gah-nee-sah-doh)ounce: la onza (lah ohn-sah)our: nuestro/nuestra (nwehs-troh/nwehs-trah)outside: afuera (ah-fweh-rah)oven: el horno (ehl ohr-noh)over there: allí (ah-yee)224 Appendix CPpacifier (baby’s): el chupete (ehl choo-peh-teh)package: el paquete (ehl pah-keh-teh)padlock: el candado (ehl kahn-dah-doh)paint: la pintura (lah peen-too-rah)painter: el pintor/la pintora (ehl peen-tohr/lah peen-toh-rah)pair: el par (ehl pahr)pajamas: el piyama (ehl pee-yah-mah)pan: la cazuela/la olla (lah kah-sweh-lah/lah oh-yah)pantry: la despensa (lah dehs-pehn-sah)pants: los pantalones (lohs pahn-tah-loh-nehs)paper: el papel (ehl pah-pehl)paper towel: la toalla de papel (lah toh-ah-yah deh pah-pehl)park (to): estacionar (ehs-tah-syoh-nahr)park: el parque (ehl pahr-keh)parking lot: el estacionamiento (ehl ehs-tah-syoh-nah-myehn-toh)pasta: la pasta (lah pahs-tah)patient: el/la paciente (ehl/lah pah-syehn-teh)patio: el patio (ehl pah-tyoh)paw (animal): la pata (lah pah-tah)pay (to): pagar (pah-gahr)payment: el pago (ehl pah-goh)peach: el melocotón (ehl meh-loh-koh-tohn)peanut: el cacahuete/el maní (ehl kah-kah-weh-teh/ehl mah-nee)pear: la pera (lah peh-rah)pedestrian: el peatón (ehl peh-ah-tohn)peel (to): pelar (peh-lahr)pen (writing): la pluma (lah ploo-mah)pencil: el lápiz (ehl lah-pees)penny: el centavo (ehl sehn-tah-boh)people: la gente (lah hehn-teh)pepper: la pimienta (lah pee-myehn-tah)person: la persona (lah pehr-soh-nah)personality: la personalidad (lah pehr-soh-nah-lee-dahd)pet: el animal doméstico (ehl ah-nee-mahl doh-mehs-tee-koh)pharmacy: la farmacia (lah fahr-mah-syah)pick up (to): recoger (irr.) (rreh-koh-hehr)Dictionary 225picture: el cuadro (ehl kwah-droh)piece: el pedazo (ehl peh-dah-soh)pig: el cerdo (ehl sehr-doh)pill: la píldora (lah peel-doh-rah)pillow: la almohada (lah ahl-moh-ah-dah)pin (sewing): el alfiler (ehl ahl-fee-lehr)pink: rosado (rroh-sah-doh)pint: la pinta (lah peen-tah)pipe: el tubo (ehl too-boh)place: el lugar (ehl loo-gahr)plan: el plano (ehl plah-noh)plant: la planta (lah plahn-tah)plaster: el yeso (ehl yeh-soh)plastic: el plástico (ehl plahs-tee-koh)plate: el plato (ehl plah-toh)playroom: el cuarto de juego (ehl kwahr-toh deh hweh-goh)pleasant: agradable (ah-grah-dah-bleh)please: por favor (pohr fah-bohr)pliers: los alicates (lohs ah-lee-kah-tehs)plug (wallplate): el enchufe (ehl ehn-choo-feh)plumber: el plomero/la plomera (ehl ploh-meh-roh/lah ploh-meh-rah)plumbing: la plomería (lah ploh-meh-ree-ah)pocket: el bolsillo (ehl bohl-see-yoh)police station: el cuartel de policía (ehl kwahr-tehl deh poh-lee-see-ah)polite: cortés (kohr-tehs)polyester: el poliéster (ehl poh-lyehs-tehr)porch: el portal (ehl pohr-tahl)pork: la carne de cerdo (lah kahr-neh deh sehr-doh)post office: la oficina de correos/el correo (lah oh-fee-see-nah deh koh-rreh-ohs/ehl koh-rreh-oh)pot: la cacerola/la olla (lah kah-seh-roh-lah/lah oh-yah)potato: la papa/la patata (lah pah-pah/lah pah-tah-tah)pound (weight): la libra (lah lee-brah)pour (to): echar (eh-chahr)prepare (to): preparar (preh-pah-rahr)prescription: la receta (lah rreh-seh-tah)pretty: bonito/lindo (boh-nee-toh/leen-doh)226 Appendix Cprice: el precio (ehl preh-syoh)pull out (to): arrancar (ah-rrahn-kahr)purple: morado (moh-rah-doh)put (to): poner (irr.) (poh-nehr)put away (to): guardar (gwahr-dahr)put in (to): meter (meh-tehr)put on (to): ponerse (irr.) (poh-nehr-seh)Qquantity: la cantidad (lah kahn-tee-dahd)quart: el cuarto de galón (ehl kwahr-toh deh gah-lohn)question: la pregunta (lah preh-goon-tah)quickly: de prisa/rápidamente (deh pree-sah/rrah-pee-dah-mehn-teh)quiet: silencioso/callado (see-lehn-syoh-soh/kah-yah-doh)Rradio: el radio (ehl rrah-dyoh)rag: el trapo (ehl trah-poh)railing: la baranda (lah bah-rahn-dah)rain: la lluvia (lah yoo-byah)rain (to): llover (ue) (yoh-behr)raisin: la pasa (lah pah-sah)rake (tool): el rastrillo (ehl rrahs-tree-yoh)range (kitchen): el fogón (ehl foh-gohn)rash: la erupción (lah eh-roop-syohn)raw: crudo (kroo-doh)rayon: el rayón (ehl rrah-yohn)read (to): leer (leh-ehr)recipe: la receta (lah rreh-seh-tah)recommend (to): recomendar (ie) (rreh-koh-mehn-dahr)red: rojo (rroh-hoh)refrigerator: el refrigerador/la nevera (ehl rreh-free-heh-rah-dohr/lahneh-beh-rah)relative: el pariente/la parienta (ehl pah-ryehn-teh/lah pah-ryehn-tah)religion: la religión (lah rreh-lee-hyohn)remedy: el remedio (ehl rreh-meh-dyoh)Dictionary 227remove (to): quitar/remover (ue) (kee-tahr/rreh-moh-behr)rent: el alquiler (ehl ahl-kee-lehr)rent (to): alquilar (ahl-kee-lahr)repair (to): remendar (ie)/reparar (rreh-mehn-dahr/rreh-pah-rahr)request (to): pedir (i) (peh-deer)restaurant: el restaurante (ehl rrehs-tah-oo-rahn-teh)return (to): regresar/volver (ue) (rreh-greh-sahr/bohl-behr)return (to) (give back [to]): devolver (ue) (deh-bohl-behr)rice: el arroz (ehl ah-rrohs)right (to be): tener razón (teh-nehr rrah-sohn)right (direction): la derecha (lah deh-reh-chah)right now: ahora mismo (ah-oh-rah mees-moh)ring: el anillo (ehl ah-nee-yoh)rock: la roca (lah rroh-kah)roll (bread): el panecillo (ehl pah-neh-see-yoh)roof: el techo (ehl teh-choh)root: la raíz (lah rrah-ees)rose: la rosa (lah rroh-sah)rotten (food): podrido (poh-dree-doh)rubber: la goma (lah goh-mah)rug: la alfombra (lah ahl-fohm-brah)rule: la regla (lah rreh-glah)Ssad: triste (trees-teh)safe: seguro (seh-goo-roh)salesperson: el vendedor/la vendedora (ehl behn-deh-dohr/lah behn-deh-doh-rah)salt: la sal (lah sahl)Saturday: el sábado (ehl sah-bah-doh)sauce: la salsa (lah sahl-sah)sausage: la salchicha (lah sahl-chee-chah)save (up) (to): ahorrar (ah-oh-rrahr)savor (to): saborear (sah-boh-reh-ahr)saw (tool): el cerrucho (ehl seh-rroo-choh)say (to): decir (irr.) (deh-seer)scale: la pesa (lah peh-sah)228 Appendix Cscarf: la bufanda (lah boo-fahn-dah)school: la escuela (lah ehs-kweh-lah)scissors: las tijeras (lahs tee-heh-rahs)scouring pad: el estropajo (ehl ehs-troh-pah-hoh)scraper: el raspador (ehl rrahs-pah-dohr)scratch (to): rascar (rrahs-kahr)screw: el tornillo (ehl tohr-nee-yoh)screwdriver: el destornillador (ehl dehs-tohr-nee-yah-dohr)seasoning: el condimento (ehl kohn-dee-mehn-toh)seat: el asiento (ehl ah-syehn-toh)seatbelt: el cinturón de seguridad (ehl seen-too-rohn deh seh-goo-ree-dahd)see (to): ver (irr.) (behr)sell (to): vender (behn-dehr)service station: el taller de reparaciones (ehl tah-yehr deh rreh-pah-rah-syoh-nehs)seven: siete (syeh-teh)shade: la sombra (lah sohm-brah)shampoo: el champú (ehl chahm-poo)she: ella (eh-yah)sheet: la sábana (lah sah-bah-nah)shelf: el estante (ehl ehs-tahn-teh)shellfish: los mariscos (lohs mah-rees-kohs)shingle: la tablilla (lah tah-blee-yah)shirt: la camisa (lah kah-mee-sah)shoe: el zapato (ehl sah-pah-toh)shopping list: la lista de compras (lah lees-tah deh kohm-prahs)short (person): bajo (bah-hoh)short (hair, etc.): corto (kohr-toh)shoulder: el hombro (ehl ohm-broh)shovel: la pala (lah pah-lah)show (to): mostrar (ue) (mohs-trahr)shower: la ducha (lah doo-chah)shrimp: el camarón (ehl kah-mah-rohn)shrub: el arbusto (ehl ahr-boos-toh)sick: enfermo (ehn-fehr-moh)sidewalk: la acera (lah ah-seh-rah)Dictionary 229sign (to) (one’s name): firmar (feer-mahr)sign: la señal (lah seh-nyahl)silk: la seda (lah seh-dah)silver: la plata (lah plah-tah)silverware: la vajilla de plata (lah bah-hee-yah deh plah-tah)single (not married): soltero (sohl-teh-roh)sink (bathroom): el lavabo/el lavamanos (ehl lah-bah-boh/ehl lah-bah-mah-nohs)sink (kitchen): el fregadero (ehl freh-gah-deh-roh)sister: la hermana (lah ehr-mah-nah)sister-in-law: la cuñada (lah koo-nyah-dah)six: seis (seh-ees)size: la talla/el tamaño (lah tah-yah/ehl tah-mah-nyoh)skillet: la sartén (lah sahr-tehn)skim milk: la leche desnatada (lah leh-cheh dehs-nah-tah-dah)skin: la piel (lah pyehl)skinny: flaco (flah-koh)skirt: la falda (lah fahl-dah)slab (flagstone): la losa (lah loh-sah)sleep (to): dormir (ue) (dohr-meer)sleepy (to be [feel]): tener sueño (teh-nehr sweh-nyoh)sleeve: la manga (lah mahn-gah)slice: la tajada/la rebanada (lah tah-hah-dah/lah rreh-bah-nah-dah)slow: lento (lehn-toh)slowly: despacio/lentamente (dehs-pah-syoh/lehn-tah-mehn-teh)small: pequeño (peh-keh-nyoh)smoke alarm: la alarma de humo (lah ah-lahr-mah deh oo-moh)snack: la merienda (lah meh-ryehn-dah)sneakers: los zapatos de tenis (lohs sah-pah-tohs deh teh-nees)snow: la nieve (lah nyeh-beh)snow (to): nevar (ie) (neh-bahr)soap: el jabón (ehl hah-bohn)socks: los calcetines (lohs kahl-seh-tee-nehs)soda: el refresco (ehl rreh-frehs-koh)sofa: el sofá (ehl soh-fah)soft: blando (blahn-doh)soft drink: el refresco (ehl rreh-frehs-koh)230 Appendix Csoil: la tierra (lah tyeh-rrah)some: unos/unas (oo-nohs/oo-nahs)someone: alguien (ahl-gyehn)something: algo (ahl-goh)sometimes: a veces (ah beh-sehs)son: el hijo (ehl ee-hoh)son-in-law: el yerno (ehl yehr-noh)sour: agrio (ah-gryoh)south: el sur (ehl soor)spice: la especia (lah ehs-peh-syah)spicy: picante (pee-kahn-teh)spill (to): derramar (deh-rrah-mahr)spinach: la espinaca (lah ehs-pee-nah-kah)spoiled (person): malcriado (mahl-kryah-doh)sponge: la esponja (lah ehs-pohn-hah)spoon: la cuchara (lah koo-chah-rah)sport: el deporte (ehl deh-pohr-teh)spring (season): la primavera (lah pree-mah-beh-rah)square (city): la plaza (lah plah-sah)stainless steel: el acero inoxidable (ehl ah-seh-roh ee-nohk-see-dah-bleh)staircase: la escalera (lah ehs-kah-leh-rah)start (to): empezar (ie)/comenzar (ie) (ehm-peh-sahr/koh-mehn-sahr)steak: el bistec (ehl bees-tehk)steering wheel: el volante (ehl boh-lahn-teh)stir (to): revolver (ue) (rreh-bohl-behr)stitch (sewing): el punto (ehl poon-toh)stomach: el estómago (ehl ehs-toh-mah-goh)stomachache: el dolor de estómago (ehl doh-lohr deh ehs-toh-mah-goh)stone:la piedra (lah pyeh-drah)stop (to): parar (pah-rahr)stop (bus, etc.): la parada (lah pah-rah-dah)story: el cuento (ehl kwehn-toh)stove: la cocina (lah koh-see-nah)strange: raro/extraño (rrah-roh/ehs-trah-nyoh)strawberry: la fresa (lah freh-sah)street: la calle (lah kah-yeh)Dictionary 231stroller: el cochecito (ehl koh-cheh-see-toh)strong: fuerte (fwehr-teh)student: el/la estudiante (ehl/lah ehs-too-dyahn-teh)study (to): estudiar (ehs-too-dyahr)subway: el metro (ehl meh-troh)subway station: la estación de metro (lah ehs-tah-syohn deh meh-troh)suddenly: de pronto (deh prohn-toh)sugar: el azúcar (ehl ah-soo-kahr)suit: el traje (ehl trah-heh)summer: el verano (ehl beh-rah-noh)Sunday: el domingo (ehl doh-meen-goh)sunglasses: los anteojos de sol (lohs ahn-teh-oh-hohs deh sohl)supermarket: el supermercado (ehl soo-pehr-mehr-kah-doh)supervisor: el supervisor/la supervisora (ehl soo-pehr-bee-sohr/lah soo-pehr-bee-soh-rah)surface: la superficie (lah soo-pehr-fee-syeh)sweater: el suéter (ehl sweh-tehr)sweatshirt: la sudadera (lah soo-dah-deh-rah)sweep (to): barrer (bah-rrehr)sweet: dulce (dool-seh)swimming pool: la piscina (lah pee-see-nah)swollen: hinchado (een-chah-doh)symptom: el síntoma (ehl seen-toh-mah)Ttable: la mesa (lah meh-sah)tablecloth: el mantel (ehl mahn-tehl)tablespoon: la cuchara (lah koo-chah-rah)tablet (lozenge): la pastilla (lah pahs-tee-yah)take (to): tomar (toh-mahr)take (carry) (to): llevar (yeh-bahr)take care of (to): cuidar (kwee-dahr)talcum powder: el talco (ehl tahl-koh)talk (to): hablar (ah-blahr)tall: alto (ahl-toh)tank: el tanque (ehl tahn-keh)tap (water): el grifo (ehl gree-foh)232 Appendix Ctape (adhesive): la cinta adhesiva/la cinta de pegar (lah seen-tah ahd-eh-see-bah/lah seen-tah deh peh-gahr)taste (to): probar (ue) (proh-bahr)tax: el impuesto (ehl eem-pwehs-toh)tea: el té (ehl teh)teach (to): enseñar (ehn-seh-nyahr)teacher: el maestro/la maestra (ehl mah-ehs-troh/lah mah-ehs-trah)teaspoon: la cucharita (lah koo-chah-ree-tah)tee shirt: la camiseta (lah kah-mee-seh-tah)telephone: el teléfono (ehl teh-leh-foh-noh)television set: el televisor (ehl teh-leh-bee-sohr)tell (to): decir (irr.) (deh-seer)ten: diez (dyehs)thanks: gracias (grah-syahs)that: ese/aquel (eh-seh/ah-kehl)the: el/la/los/las (ehl/lah/lohs/lahs)their: su (soo)there is/there are: hay (ah-ee)thermometer: el termómetro (ehl tehr-moh-meh-troh)thermostat: el termostato (ehl tehr-mohs-tah-toh)these: estos (ehs-tohs)they: ellos/ellas (eh-yohs/eh-yahs)thigh: el muslo (ehl moos-loh)thin: delgado/flaco (dehl-gah-doh/flah-koh)thirsty (to be [feel]): tener sed (teh-nehr sehd)this: este (ehs-teh)those: esos/aquellos (eh-sohs/ah-keh-yohs)thread: el hilo (ehl ee-loh)three: tres (trehs)throat: la garganta (lah gahr-gahn-tah)throw away (to): tirar (tee-rahr)Thursday: el jueves (ehl hweh-behs)tie: la corbata (lah kohr-bah-tah)tile (floor): la baldosa (lah bahl-doh-sah)tile (wall): el azulejo (ehl ah-soo-leh-hoh)tip: la propina (lah proh-pee-nah)tire (car): la llanta (lah yahn-tah)Dictionary 233tired: cansado (kahn-sah-doh)toaster: la tostadora (lah tohs-tah-doh-rah)today: hoy (oh-ee)toe: el dedo del pie (ehl deh-doh dehl pyeh)toilet: el retrete/el inodoro (ehl rreh-treh-teh/ehl ee-noh-doh-roh)toilet paper: el papel higiénico (ehl pah-pehl ee-hyeh-nee-koh)tomato: el tomate (ehl toh-mah-teh)tomorrow: mañana (mah-nyah-nah)tongue: la lengua (lah lehn-gwah)tool: la herramienta (lah eh-rrah-myehn-tah)tooth: el diente (ehl dyehn-teh)top (toy): el trompo (ehl trohm-poh)touch (to): tocar (toh-kahr)tough: duro (doo-roh)towel: la toalla (lah toh-ah-yah)town: el pueblo (ehl pweh-bloh)toy: el juguete (ehl hoo-geh-teh)traffic light: el semáforo (ehl seh-mah-foh-roh)train: el tren (ehl trehn)trashcan: el basurero (ehl bah-soo-reh-roh)tray: la bandeja (lah bahn-deh-hah)tree: el árbol (ehl ahr-bohl)trip: el viaje (ehl byah-heh)truck: el camión (ehl kah-myohn)truth: la verdad (lah behr-dahd)Tuesday: el martes (ehl mahr-tehs)tuna: el atún (ehl ah-toon)turn off (to): apagar (ah-pah-gahr)turn on (to): encender (ie) (ehn-sehn-dehr)two: dos (dohs)Uumbrella: el paraguas (ehl pah-rah-gwahs)uncle: el tío (ehl tee-oh)underneath: abajo (ah-bah-hoh)understand (to): comprender (kohm-prehn-dehr)uniform (clothing): el uniforme (ehl oo-nee-fohr-meh)234 Appendix Cuniversity: la universidad (lah oo-nee-behr-see-dahd)until: hasta (ahs-tah)upstairs: arriba (ah-rree-bah)use (to): usar (oo-sahr)utensil: el utensilio (ehl oo-tehn-see-lyoh)Vvacuum cleaner: la aspiradora (lah ahs-pee-rah-doh-rah)valve: la válvula (lah bahl-boo-lah)van: la camioneta (lah kah-myoh-neh-tah)vanilla: la vainilla (lah bah-ee-nee-yah)vase: el florero (ehl floh-reh-roh)VCR: la videocasetera/la videograbadora: (lah bee-deh-oh-kah-seh-teh-rah/lah bee-deh-oh-grah-bah-doh-rah)vegetable: el vegetal (ehl beh-heh-tahl)vegetarian: vegetariano (beh-heh-tah-ryah-noh)very: muy (moo-ee)video: el vídeo (ehl bee-deh-oh)vinegar: el vinagre (ehl bee-nah-greh)visa: la visa (lah bee-sah)vitamin: la vitamina (lah bee-tah-mee-nah)Wwake up (to): despertarse (ie) (dehs-pehr-tahr-seh)walk (to): caminar (kah-mee-nahr)wall: la pared (lah pah-rehd)wallet: la billetera/la cartera (lah bee-yeh-teh-rah/lah kahr-teh-rah)warm: tibio (tee-byoh)wash (to): lavar (lah-bahr)washing machine: la lavadora (lah lah-bah-doh-rah)watch (to): mirar (mee-rahr)watch (wrist): el reloj de pulsera (ehl rreh-loh deh pool-seh-rah)water: el agua (ehl ah-gwah)watermelon: la sandía (lah sahn-dee-ah)wax: la cera (lah seh-rah)we: nosotros/nosotras (noh-soh-trohs/noh-soh-trahs)Dictionary 235weak: débil (deh-beel)wear (to): llevar (yeh-bahr)weather: el tiempo (ehl tyehm-poh)Wednesday: el miércoles (ehl myehr-koh-lehs)weekend: el fin de semana (ehl feen deh seh-mah-nah)weight: el peso (ehl peh-soh)well: bien (byehn)west: el oeste (ehl oh-ehs-teh)wet: mojado (moh-hah-doh)what: qué (keh)wheel: la rueda (lah rrweh-dah)wheelchair: la silla de ruedas (lah see-yah deh rrweh-dahs)when: cuándo (kwahn-doh)where: dónde (dohn-deh)while: mientras (myehn-trahs)white: blanco (blahn-koh)who: quién (kyehn)whose: de quién (deh kyehn)why: por qué (pohr keh)width: el ancho (ehl ahn-choh)wife: la esposa/la mujer (lah ehs-poh-sah/lah moo-hehr)wind: el viento (ehl byehn-toh)window: la ventana (lah behn-tah-nah)windshield: el parabrisas (ehl pah-rah-bree-sahs)wine: el vino (ehl bee-noh)winter: el invierno (ehl een-byehr-noh)with: con (kohn)without: sin (seen)woman: la mujer (lah moo-hehr)wood: la madera (lah mah-deh-rah)wool: la lana (lah lah-nah)wound: la herida (lah eh-ree-dah)wrench (tool): la llave inglesa (lah yah-beh een-gleh-sah)wrist: la muñeca (lah moo-nyeh-kah)236 Appendix CYyard (garden): el patio (ehl pah-tyoh)year: el año (ehl ah-nyoh)yellow: amarillo (ah-mah-ree-yoh)yesterday: ayer (ah-yehr)you (pl.): ustedes (oos-teh-dehs)you (sing.): tú (too) (familiar)/usted (oos-tehd) (formal)your: tu (too) (familiar)/su (soo) (formal)Zzero: cero (seh-roh)Dictionary 237Spanish-EnglishAa menudo: (ah meh-noo-doh) oftena tiempo: (ah tyehm-poh) on timea veces: (ah beh-sehs) sometimesabajo: (ah-bah-hoh) downstairs/underneathabeja: (ah-beh-hah) beeabierto: (ah-byehr-toh) openabono: (ah-boh-noh) compost/fertilizerabrazadera: (ah-brah-sah-deh-rah) brace/clampabrelatas: (ah-breh-lah-tahs) can openerabrigo: (ah-bree-goh) coat/overcoatabrir: (ah-breer) open (to)abuela: (ah-bweh-lah) grandmotherabuelo: (ah-bweh-loh) grandfatheraccidente: (ahk-see-dehn-teh) accidentaceite: (ah-seh-ee-teh) oilaceituna: (ah-seh-ee-too-nah) oliveacera: (ah-seh-rah) sidewalkacero inoxidable: (ah-seh-roh ee-nohk-see-dah-bleh) stainless steelacostarse (ue): (ah-kohs-tahr-seh)go to bed (to)adentro: (ah-dehn-troh) insideadiós: (ah-dyohs) good-byeafuera: (ah-fweh-rah) outsideagradable: (ah-grah-dah-bleh) pleasantagrio: (ah-gryoh) sour/bitteragua: (ah-gwah) wateraguja: (ah-goo-hah) needleahora: (ah-oh-rah) nowahora mismo: (ah-oh-ra mees-moh) right nowahorrar: (ah-oh-rrahr) save (up) (to)aire acondicionado: (ah-ee-reh ah-kohn-dee-syoh-nah-doh) airconditionerajo: (ah-hoh) garlicalacena: (ah-lah-seh-nah) cupboard238 Appendix Calarma: (ah-lahr-mah) alarmalarma de humo: (ah-lahr-mah deh oo-moh) smoke alarmalegre: (ah-leh-greh) happyalergia: (ah-lehr-hyah) allergyalfiler: (ahl-fee-lehr) pinalfombra: (ahl-fohm-brah) carpet/rugalgo: (ahl-goh) somethingalgodón: (ahl-goh-dohn) cottonalguien: (ahl-gyehn) someone/anybodyalicates: (ah-lee-kah-tehs) pliersalimentar: (ah-lee-mehn-tahr) feed (to)allí: (ah-yee) over therealmacén: (ahl-mah-sehn) department storealmohada: (ahl-moh-ah-dah) pillowalmorzar: (ahl-mohr-sahr) to eat lunchalmuerzo: (ahl-mwehr-soh) lunchalquilar: (ahl-kee-lahr) rent (to)alto: (ahl-toh) tallaltura: (ahl-too-rah) heightamable: (ah-mah-bleh) kindamarillo: (ah-mah-ree-yoh) yellowambulancia: (ahm-boo-lahn-syah) ambulanceamistoso: (ah-mees-toh-soh) friendlyanaranjado: (ah-nah-rahn-hah-doh) orange (color)ancho: (ahn-choh) wide/widthanillo: (ah-nee-yoh) ringanimal doméstico: (ah-nee-mahl doh-mehs-tee-koh) petanoche: (ah-noh-cheh) last nightanteojos: (ahn-teh-oh-hohs) eyeglassesanteojos de sol: (ahn-teh-oh-hohs deh sohl) sunglassesantes: (ahn-tehs) beforeañadir: (ah-nyah-deer) add (to)año: (ah-nyoh) yearapagar: (ah-pah-gahr) turn off (to)aparato: (ah-pah-rah-toh) device/applianceapartamento: (ah-pahr-tah-mehn-toh) apartmentapellido: (ah-peh-yee-doh) last nameDictionary 239apio: (ah-pyoh) celeryaprender: (ah-prehn-dehr) learn (to)aquel/aquella: (ah-kehl/ah-keh-yah) thataquí: (ah-kee) hereárbol: (ahr-bohl) treearbusto: (ahr-boos-toh) bush/shrubarmadura: (ahr-mah-doo-rah) framearmario: (ahr-mah-ryoh) closet/cupboardarrancar: (ah-rrahn-kahr) pull out (to)arreglar: (ah-rreh-glahr) fix (to)arriba: (ah-rree-bah) upstairsarroz: (ah-rrohs) riceascensor: (ah-sehn-sohr) elevatorasiento: (ah-syehn-toh) seatasistir a: (ah-sees-teer ah) attend (to)aspiradora: (ahs-pee-rah-doh-rah) vacuum cleaneraspirina: (ahs-pee-ree-nah) aspirinatado: (ah-tah-doh) bunchatascado: (ah-tahs-kah-doh) cloggedatún: (ah-toon) tunaautobús: (ah-oo-toh-boos) busautorizado por la ley judía: (ah-oo-toh-ree-sah-doh pohr lah leh-eehoo-dee-ah) kosheravenida: (ah-beh-nee-dah) avenueayer: (ah-yehr) yesterdayayudante: (ah-yoo-dahn-teh) helperayudar: (ah-yoo-dahr) help (to)azúcar: (ah-soo-kahr) sugarazul: (ah-sool) blueazulejo: (ah-soo-leh-hoh) tile (wall)Bbabero: (bah-beh-roh) bibbajar: (bah-hahr) go down (descend) (to)bajarse de: (bah-hahr-seh deh) get off (to)240 Appendix Cbajo: (bah-hoh) short (person)balcón: (bahl-kohn) balconybaldosa: (bahl-doh-sah) tile (floor)balón: (bah-lohn) ballbanco: (bahn-koh) bank/benchbandeja: (bahn-deh-hah) traybañar: (bah-nyahr) bathe (to)bañera: (bah-nyeh-rah) bathtubbaño: (bah-nyoh) bathroom/bathbaranda: (bah-rahn-dah) railingbarato: (bah-rah-toh) inexpensivebarba: (bahr-bah) beardbarbería: (bahr-beh-ree-ah) barbershopbarbero: (bahr-beh-roh) barber/hairdresserbarbilla: (bahr-bee-yah) chinbarrer: (bah-rrehr) sweep (to)barrio: (bah-rryoh) neighborhoodbasura: (bah-soo-rah) garbagebasurero: (bah-soo-reh-roh) dump/trashcanbatería: (bah-teh-ree-ah) batterybeber: (beh-behr) drink (to)bebida: (beh-bee-dah) drinkbiberón: (bee-beh-rohn) baby bottlebiblioteca: (bee-blyoh-teh-kah) librarybicicleta: (bee-see-kleh-tah) bicyclebien: (byehn) wellbillete: (bee-yeh-teh) bill (banknote)billetera: (bee-yeh-teh-rah) walletbisagra: (bee-sah-grah) hingebistec: (bees-tehk) steakblanco: (blahn-koh) whiteblando: (blahn-doh) softblanqueador: (blahn-keh-ah-dohr) bleachbloque: (bloh-keh) block (toy)blue jeans: (bloo yeens) jeansblusa: (bloo-sah) blouseDictionary 241boca: (boh-kah) mouthbocacalle: (boh-kah-kah-yeh) intersectionbocina: (boh-see-nah) hornbodega: (boh-deh-gah) grocery storebolígrafo: (boh-lee-grah-foh) ballpoint penbolsa: (bohl-sah) bag/sackbolsillo: (bohl-see-yoh) pocketbombilla: (bohm-bee-yah) lightbulbbonito: (boh-nee-toh) prettyborde: (bohr-deh) edgebotella: (boh-teh-yah) bottlebotiquín: (boh-tee-keen) medicine chestbotón: (boh-tohn) buttonbrazo: (brah-soh) armbrécol: (breh-kohl) broccolibueno: (bweh-noh) goodbufanda: (boo-fahn-dah) scarfbuscar: (boos-kahr) look for (to)buzón: (boo-sohn) mailboxCcaballo: (kah-bah-yoh) horsecaballo de fuerza: (kah-bah-yoh deh fwehr-sah) horsepowercabello: (kah-beh-yoh) haircabeza: (kah-beh-sah) headcacahuete: (kah-kah-weh-teh) peanutcacerola: (kah-seh-roh-lah) potcada: (kah-dah) eachcadena: (kah-deh-nah) chaincadera: (kah-deh-rah) hipcaerse (irr.): (kah-ehr-seh) fall (to)café: (kah-feh) coffee/coffee shopcafetera: (kah-feh-teh-rah) coffee potcaja: (kah-hah) box/cash registercaja de fusibles: (kah-hah deh foo-see-blehs) fuse boxcaja de primeros auxilios: (kah-hah deh pree-meh-rohs ah-oo-see-lyohs) first aid kit242 Appendix Ccajero automático: (kah-heh-roh ah-oo-toh-mah-tee-koh) ATMcajón: (kah-hohn) drawercalcetines: (kahl-seh-tee-nehs) sockscaldo: (kahl-do) brothcalefacción: (kah-leh-fahk-syohn) heatcalentador: (kah-lehn-tah-dohr) heatercaliente: (kah-lyehn-teh) hotcallado: (kah-yah-doh) quietcalle: (kah-yeh) streetcalvo: (kahl-boh) baldcama: (kah-mah) bedcamarón: (kah-mah-rohn) shrimpcambiar: (kahm-byahr) change (to)caminar: (kah-mee-nahr) walk (to)camión: (kah-myohn) truckcamioneta: (kah-myoh-neh-tah) vancamisa: (kah-mee-sah) shirtcamiseta: (kah-mee-seh-tah) tee shirtcampo: (kahm-poh) fieldcanasta: (kah-nahs-tah) basketcandado: (kahn-dah-doh) padlockcanela: (kah-neh-lah) cinnamoncansado: (kahn-sah-doh) tiredcantero: (kahn-teh-roh) flower bedcantidad: (kahn-tee-dahd) quantitycara: (kah-rah) facecárcel: (kahr-sehl) jailcarga: (kahr-gah) loadcarne: (kahr-neh) meatcarne molida: (kahr-neh moh-lee-dah) ground beefcarnicería: (kahr-nee-seh-ree-ah) butcher shopcaro: (kah-roh) expensivecarpintero/carpintera: (kahr-peen-teh-roh/kahr-peen-teh-rah)carpentercarrito: (kah-rree-toh) cartcarro: (kah-rroh) carcarta: (kahr-tah) letterDictionary 243cartera: (kahr-teh-rah) walletcasa: (kah-sah) housecasado: (kah-sah-doh) marriedcasco: (kahs-koh) helmetcatarro: (kah-tah-rroh) cold (illness)cazuela: (kah-sweh-lah) pan/potcebolla: (seh-boh-yah) onionceja: (seh-hah) eyebrowcelular: (seh-loo-lahr) cell phonecemento: (seh-mehn-toh) cementcena: (seh-nah) dinnercenar: (seh-nahr) dine (to)/have dinner (to)centavo: (sehn-tah-boh) centcentro: (sehn-troh) downtowncentro comercial: (sehn-troh koh-mehr-syahl) shopping mallcepillar: (seh-pee-yahr) brush (to)cepillo: (seh-pee-yoh) brushcera: (seh-rah) waxcerca: (sehr-kah) fence/nearcerdo: (sehr-doh) pigcereal: (seh-reh-ahl) cerealcereza: (seh-reh-sah) cherrycero: (seh-roh) zerocerrado: (seh-rrah-doh) closedcerradura: (seh-rrah-doo-rah) lockcerrar (ie): (seh-rrahr) close (to)/lock (to)cerrojo: (seh-rroh-hoh) latchcerrucho: (seh-rroo-choh) saw (tool)certificado: (sehr-tee-fee-kah-doh) certifiedcerveza: (sehr-beh-sah) beercesta: (sehs-tah) basketchampú: (chahm-poo) shampoochaqueta: (chah-keh-tah) jacketcheque: (cheh-keh) checkchimenea: (chee-meh-neh-ah) chimney/fireplacechupete: (choo-peh-teh) (baby’s) pacifiercimiento: (see-myehn-toh) foundation/cement244 Appendix Ccinco: (seen-koh) fivecine: (see-neh) movie theatercinta adhesiva: (seen-tah ahd-eh-see-bah) (adhesive) tapecinta de pegar: (seen-tah deh peh-gahr) (adhesive) tapecinturón: (seen-too-rohn) beltcinturónde seguridad: (seen-too-rohn deh seh-goo-ree-dahd) seatbeltcita: (see-tah) date/appointmentclara: (klah-rah) egg whiteclaro: (klah-roh) light (color)clavo: (klah-boh) nail (metal)clínica: (klee-nee-kah) cliniccloro: (kloh-roh) bleachcoche: (koh-cheh) carcochecito: (koh-cheh-see-toh) baby carriagecocina: (koh-see-nah) kitchen/stovecocinar: (koh-see-nahr) cook (to)codo: (koh-doh) elbowcojín: (koh-heen) cushioncola: (koh-lah) gluecolchón: (kohl-chohn) mattresscollar: (koh-yahr) collar/necklacecolor: (koh-lohr) colorcomedor: (koh-meh-dohr) dining roomcomenzar (ie): (koh-mehn-sahr) start (to)comer: (koh-mehr) eat (to)comida: (koh-mee-dah) food/mealcomida para perros: (koh-mee-dah pah-rah peh-rrohs) dog foodcómo: (koh-moh) howcómoda: (koh-moh-dah) chest of drawers/dressercomportamiento: (kohm-pohr-tah-myehn-toh) behaviorcomprar: (kohm-prahr) buy (to)comprender: (kohm-prehn-dehr) understand (to)computadora: (kohm-poo-tah-doh-rah) computercon: (kohn) withconcreto: (kohn-kreh-toh) concretecondimento: (kohn-dee-mehn-toh) seasoningconducto: (kohn-dook-toh) ductDictionary 245conductor: (kohn-dook-tohr) driverconfundido: (kohn-foon-dee-doh) confusedcongelado: (kohn-heh-lah-doh) frozenconocer (irr.): (koh-noh-sehr) know (be acquainted with) (to)conseguir (irr.): (kohn-seh-geer) get (to)consultorio del médico: (kohn-sool-toh-ryoh dehl meh-dee-koh)doctor’s officecontador: (kohn-tah-dohr) meter (utilities)contento: (kohn-tehn-toh) happycontratista: (kohn-trah-tees-tah) contractorcontrato: (kohn-trah-toh) contractcorazón: (koh-rah-sohn) heartcorbata: (kohr-bah-tah) tiecordero: (kohr-deh-roh) lambcordón eléctrico: (kohr-dohn eh-lehk-tree-koh) electrical cordcorrea: (koh-rreh-ah) leashcorrector (de dientes): (koh-rrehk-tohr deh dyehn-tehs) braces (teeth)correo: (koh-rreh-oh) post officecortacésped: (kohr-tah-sehs-pehd) lawnmowercortar: (kohr-tahr) cut (to)cortés: (kohr-tehs) polite/courteouscortina: (kohr-tee-nah) curtaincorto: (kohr-toh) short (hair, etc.)costar (ue): (kohs-tahr) cost (to)crema: (kreh-mah) creamcriticar: (kree-tee-kahr) criticize (to)crudo: (kroo-doh) rawcuadra: (kwah-drah) (city) blockcuándo: (kwahn-doh) whencuánto/cuánta: (kwahn-toh/kwahn-tah) how muchcuántos/cuántas: (kwahn-tohs/kwahn-tahs) how manycuartel de policía: (kwahr-tehl deh poh-lee-see-ah) police stationcuarto: (kwahr-toh) quartcuarto: (kwahr-toh) roomcuarto de dormir: (kwahr-toh deh dohr-meer) bedroomcuarto de juego: (kwahr-toh deh hweh-goh) playroomcuatro: (kwah-troh) four246 Appendix Ccubierta: (koo-byehr-tah) covercubiertos: (koo-byehr-tohs) cutlerycubo: (koo-boh) bucketcubo de basura: (koo-boh deh bah-soo-rah) garbage cancuchara: (koo-chah-rah) spoon/tablespooncucharita: (koo-chah-ree-tah) teaspooncuchillo: (koo-chee-yoh) knifecuello: (kweh-yoh) neckcuenta: (kwehn-tah) bill (account)cuenta corriente: (kwehn-tah koh-rryehn-teh) checking accountcuento: (kwehn-toh) storycuero: (kweh-roh) leathercuerpo: (kwehr-poh) bodycuidado: (kwee-dah-doh) carecuidar: (kwee-dahr) take care of (to)cuna: (koo-nah) cribcuñada: (koo-nyah-dah) sister-in-lawcuñado: (koo-nyah-doh) brother-in-lawcupón: (koo-pohn) couponcurita: (koo-ree-tah) band-aidDdar (irr.): (dahr) give (to)darse prisa: (dahr-seh pree-sah) hurry (to)de: (deh) of/fromde nuevo: (deh nweh-boh) againde prisa: (deh pree-sah) quicklyde pronto: (deh prohn-toh) at once/suddenlyde quién: (deh kyehn) whosedébil: (deh-beel) weakdecir (irr.): (deh-seer) say (to)/tell (to)dedo: (deh-doh) fingerdedo del pie: (deh-doh dehl pyeh) toedejar: (deh-hahr) leave (behind) (to)delgado: (dehl-gah-doh) thin/slenderdelicioso: (deh-lee-syoh-soh) deliciousdependiente: (deh-pehn-dyehn-teh) salesperson/clerkDictionary 247deporte: (deh-pohr-teh) sportderecha: (deh-reh-chah) right (direction)derramar: (deh-rrah-mahr) spill (to)desagüe: (deh-sah-gweh) drain (pipe)desayuno: (deh-sah-yoo-noh) breakfastdescribir: (dehs-kree-beer) describe (to)descubrir: (dehs-koo-breer) discover (to)descuento: (dehs-kwehn-toh) discountdesechable: (deh-seh-chah-bleh) disposabledesinfectante: (deh-seen-fehk-tahn-teh) disinfectantdesinfectar: (deh-seen-fehk-tahr) disinfect (to)desodorante: (deh-soh-doh-rahn-teh) deodorantdesorganizado: (deh-sohr-gah-nee-sah-doh) disorganizeddespacio: (dehs-pah-syoh) slowlydespensa: (dehs-pehn-sah) pantrydespertarse (ie): (dehs-pehr-tahr-seh) wake up (to)después: (dehs-pwehs) afterdestornillador: (dehs-tohr-nee-yah-dohr) screwdriverdesván: (dehs-bahn) atticdetergente: (deh-tehr-gehn-teh) detergentdetrás: (deh-trahs) behinddevolver (ue): (deh-bohl-behr) return (to) (give back [to])día: (dee-ah) daydiente: (dyehn-teh) toothdiente de león: (dyehn-teh deh leh-ohn) dandeliondiez: (dyehs) tendinero: (dee-neh-roh) moneydinero en efectivo: (dee-neh-roh ehn eh-fehk-tee-boh) cashdirección: (dee-rehk-syohn) addressdiscutir: (dees-koo-teer) discuss (to)disponible: (dees-poh-nee-bleh) availabledivertido: (dee-behr-tee-doh) fundivertirse (ie): (dee-behr-teer-seh) have a good time (to)doblar: (doh-blahr) fold (to)docena: (doh-seh-nah) dozendólar: (doh-lahr) dollardoler (ue): (doh-lehr) hurt (ache) (to)248 Appendix Cdolor de cabeza: (doh-lohr deh kah-beh-sah) headachedolor de estómago: (doh-lohr deh ehs-toh-mah-goh) stomachachedolor de oído: (doh-lohr deh oh-ee-doh) earachedomingo: (doh-meen-goh) Sundaydónde: (dohn-deh) wheredormir (ue): (dohr-meer) sleep (to)dormitorio: (dohr-mee-toh-ryoh) bedroomdos: (dohs) twoducha: (doo-chah) showerdueño: (dweh-nyoh) ownerdulce: (dool-seh) sweetduro: (doo-roh) hard/toughDVD: (deh beh deh) DVDEechar: (eh-chahr) pour (to)edificio: (eh-dee-fee-syoh) buildingejercicio: (eh-hehr-see-syoh) exerciseél: (ehl) heeléctrico: (eh-lehk-tree-koh) electricalella: (eh-yah) sheellos/ellas: (eh-yohs/eh-yahs) theyembrague: (ehm-brah-geh) clutch (car)emergencia: (eh-mehr-hehn-syah) emergencyempezar (ie): (ehm-peh-sahr) start (to)empleado: (ehm-pleh-ah-doh) employeeempleo: (ehm-pleh-oh) employment/joben: (ehn) in/onen seguida: (ehn seh-gee-dah) immediatelyencender (ie): (ehn-sehn-dehr) turn on (to)enchufe: (ehn-choo-feh) electrical outlet/plugenfermedad: (ehn-fehr-meh-dahd) illnessenfermero/enfermera: (ehn-fehr-meh-roh/ehn-fehr-meh-rah) nurseenfermo: (ehn-fehr-moh) sick/illengranaje: (ehn-grah-nah-heh) gear (car)entrada: (ehn-trah-dah) entranceentrada (para carros): (ehn-trah-dah pah-rah kah-rrohs) drivewayDictionary 249entre: (ehn-treh) betweenentrevista: (ehn-treh-bees-tah) interviewenvase: (ehn-bah-seh) containererupción: (eh-roop-syohn) rashescalera: (ehs-kah-leh-rah) stairs/ladderescape: (ehs-kah-peh) exhaust (car)escoba: (ehs-koh-bah) broomescoger (irr.): (ehs-koh-hehr) choose (to)escribir: (ehs-kree-beer) write (to)escritorio: (ehs-kree-toh-ryoh) deskescuchar: (ehs-koo-chahr) listen (to)escuela: (ehs-kweh-lah) schoolese: (eh-seh) thatesos: (eh-sohs) thoseespalda: (ehs-pahl-dah) back (body)especia: (ehs-peh-syah) spiceespejo: (ehs-peh-hoh) mirrorespinaca: (ehs-pee-nah-kah) spinachesponja: (ehs-pohn-hah) spongeesposa: (ehs-poh-sah) wifeesposo: (ehs-poh-soh) husbandesquina: (ehs-kee-nah) corner (outside)estación de metro: (ehs-tah-syohn deh meh-troh) subway stationestacionamiento: (ehs-tah-syoh-nah-myehn-toh) parking lotestacionar: (ehs-tah-syoh-nahr) park (to)estante: (ehs-tahn-teh) bookcase/shelfestar (irr.): (ehs-tahr) be (to)estar de acuerdo: (ehs-tahr deh ah-kwehr-doh) agree (to)este: (ehs-teh) easteste: (ehs-teh) thisestómago: (ehs-toh-mah-goh) stomachestos: (ehs-tohs) theseestropajo: (ehs-troh-pah-hoh) scouring padestudiante: (ehs-too-dyahn-teh) studentestudiar: (ehs-too-dyahr) study (to)estupendo: (ehs-too-pehn-doh) greatexcavar: (ehs-kah-bahr) dig (to)250Appendix Cexperiencia: (ehs-peh-ryehn-syah) experienceextintor: (ehs-teen-tohr) fire extinguisherextraño: (ehs-trah-nyoh) strangeFfalda: (fahl-dah) skirtfalso: (fahl-soh) hemfamilia: (fah-mee-lyah) familyfarmacia: (fahr-mah-syah) drugstore/pharmacyfecha: (feh-chah) date (day)fichero: (fee-cheh-roh) file cabinetfiebre: (fyeh-breh) feverfiesta nacional: (fyehs-tah nah-syoh-nahl) holidayfiesta religiosa: (fyehs-tah rreh-lee-hyoh-sah) religious holidayfiltro de café: (feel-troh deh kah-feh) coffee filterfin: (feen) endfin de semana: (feen deh seh-mah-nah) weekendfinca: (feen-kah) farmfirmar: (feer-mahr) sign (to) (one’s name)flaco: (flah-koh) skinny/thinflor: (flohr) flowerflorero: (floh-reh-roh) vasefogón: (foh-gohn) (kitchen) rangefondo: (fohn-doh) back/bottomfósforos: (fohs-foh-rohs) matchesfranela: (frah-neh-lah) flannelfrasco: (frahs-koh) jarfrazada: (frah-sah-dah) blanketfregadero: (freh-gah-deh-roh) sink (kitchen)freno: (freh-noh) brake (car)frente: (frehn-teh) frontfrente a: (frehn-teh ah) facingfresa: (freh-sah) strawberryfresco: (frehs-koh) cool/freshfrijol: (free-hohl) beanfrío: (free-oh) cold (temperature)frito: (free-toh) friedDictionary 251fruta: (froo-tah) fruitfuego: (fweh-goh) firefuente: (fwehn-teh) fountainfuerte: (fwehr-teh) strongfumigador: (foo-mee-gah-dohr) exterminatorfunción: (foon-syohn) show/performancefundación: (foon-dah-syohn) foundationGgalleta: (gah-yeh-tah) cookiegalleta salada: (gah-yeh-tah sah-lah-dah) crackergalón: (gah-lohn) gallonganar: (gah-nahr) to win/earn (money)ganga: (gahn-gah) bargaingaraje: (gah-rah-heh) garagegarganta: (gahr-gahn-tah) throatgas: (gahs) gas (cooking)gasolina: (gah-soh-lee-nah) gasolinegasolinera: (gah-soh-lee-neh-rah) gas stationgato: (gah-toh) catgeneroso: (heh-neh-roh-soh) generousgente: (hehn-teh) peoplegerente: (heh-rehn-teh) managergimnasio: (heem-nah-syoh) gymgoma: (goh-mah) glue/rubbergordo: (gohr-doh) fatgorra: (goh-rrah) capgota: (goh-tah) drop (liquid)gracias: (grah-syahs) thanksgramo: (grah-moh) gramgrande: (grahn-deh) big/largegrano: (grah-noh) graingrasa: (grah-sah) fat/greasegrava: (grah-bah) gravelgrieta: (gryeh-tah) crackgrifo: (gree-foh) faucetgripe: (gree-peh) flu252 Appendix Cgris: (grees) graygrueso: (grweh-soh) fatguante: (gwahn-teh) gloveguantera: (gwahn-teh-rah) glove compartmentguardar: (gwahr-dahr) put away (to)gustar: (goos-tahr) like (to)Hhablar: (ah-blahr) speak (to)/talk (to)hacer (irr.): (ah-sehr) do (to)/make (to)hacer cola: (ah-sehr koh-lah) stand in line (to)hacer la cama: (ah-sehr lah kah-mah) make the bed (to)harina: (ah-ree-nah) flourhasta: (ahs-tah) untilhay: (ah-ee) there is/there areherida: (eh-ree-dah) wound/injuryhermana: (ehr-mah-nah) sisterhermano: (ehr-mah-noh) brotherherramienta: (eh-rrah-myehn-tah) toolhervir (ie): (ehr-beer) boil (to)hielo: (yeh-loh) icehierba: (yehr-bah) grasshierba mala: (yehr-bah mah-lah) weedhierro: (yeh-rroh) iron (metal)hija: (ee-hah) daughterhijo: (ee-hoh) sonhilo: (ee-loh) threadhinchado: (een-chah-doh) swollenhoja: (oh-hah) leafhombre: (ohm-breh) manhombro: (ohm-broh) shoulderhongo: (ohn-goh) mushroomhonrado: (ohn-rrah-doh) honest/trustworthyhormigón: (ohr-mee-gohn) concretehorno: (ohr-noh) ovenhorno a microondas: (ohr-noh ah mee-kroh-ohn-dahs) microwaveovenDictionary 253hospital: (ohs-pee-tahl) hospitalhoy: (oh-ee) todayhoyo: (oh-yoh) holehuevo: (weh-boh) eggIiglesia: (ee-gleh-syah) churchimpuesto: (eem-pwehs-toh) taxincluir (irr.): (een-kloo-eer) include (to)infectado: (een-fehk-tah-doh) infectedingrediente: (een-greh-dyehn-teh) ingredientinmediatamente: (een-meh-dyah-tah-mehn-teh) immediatelyinodoro: (ee-noh-doh-roh) toiletinsecticida: (een-sehk-tee-see-dah) insecticideinteligente: (een-teh-lee-hehn-teh) intelligentinteresado: (een-teh-reh-sah-doh) interestedinteresante: (een-teh-reh-sahn-teh) interestinginterruptor: (een-teh-rroop-tohr) light switchinvierno: (een-byehr-noh) winterinvitado: (een-bee-tah-doh) guestir (irr.): (eer) go (to)ir de compras: (eer deh kohm-prahs) go shopping (to)izquierda: (ees-kyehr-dah) left (direction)Jjabón: (hah-bohn) soapjamón: (hah-mohn) hamjardín: (hahr-deen) gardenjardinero/jardinera: (hahr-dee-neh-roh/hahr-dee-neh-rah) gardenerjaula: (ha-oo-lah) cagejefe/jefa: (heh-feh/heh-fah) bossjoven: (hoh-behn) youngjoyas: (hoh-yahs) jewelryjueves: (hweh-behs) Thursdayjugar (ue): (hoo-gahr) play (to)jugar (ue) golf: (hoo-gahr gohlf ) golf (to)254 Appendix Cjugo: (hoo-goh) juicejuguete: (hoo-geh-teh) toyjusto: (hoos-toh) justKkilogramo: (kee-loh-grah-moh) kilogramLlabio: (lah-byoh) lipladrillo: (lah-dree-yoh) bricklámpara: (lahm-pah-rah) lamplana: (lah-nah) woollápiz: (lah-pees) pencillargo: (lahr-goh) long/lengthlata: (lah-tah) canlatón: (lah-tohn) brass (metal)lavabo: (lah-bah-boh) sink (bathroom)lavadora: (lah-bah-doh-rah) washing machinelavamanos: (lah-bah-mah-nohs) sink (bathroom)lavandería: (lah-bahn-deh-ree-ah) laundromat/laundry roomlavaplatos: (lah-bah-plah-tohs) dishwasherlavar: (lah-bahr) wash (to)leche: (leh-cheh) milkleche desnatada: (leh-cheh dehs-nah-tah-dah) skim milklechuga: (leh-choo-gah) lettuceleer: (leh-ehr) read (to)lejía: (leh-hee-ah) bleachlejos: (leh-hohs) farlengua: (lehn-gwah) tonguelento: (lehn-toh) slowlevantar: (leh-bahn-tahr) lift (to)levantarse: (leh-bahn-tahr-seh) get up (to)libra: (lee-brah) pound (weight)libre: (lee-breh) freelibrería: (lee-breh-ree-ah) bookstorelibro: (lee-broh) bookDictionary 255lima: (lee-mah) limelimón: (lee-mohn) lemonlimpiar: (leem-pyahr) clean (to)limpio: (leem-pyoh) cleanlindo: (leen-doh) prettylinterna: (leen-tehr-nah) flashlight/lanternlíquido: (lee-kee-doh) liquidlitro: (lee-troh) literllamada: (yah-mah-dah) callllamar: (yah-mahr) call (to)llamarse: (yah-mahr-seh) be called (to)/be named (to)llanta: (yahn-tah) tire (car)llanta pinchada: (yahn-tah peen-chah-dah) flat tirellave: (yah-beh) key/faucetllave inglesa: (yah-beh een-gleh-sah) wrenchllegar: (yeh-gahr) arrive (to)lleno: (yeh-noh) fullllevar: (yeh-bahr) carry (to)/wear (to)lluvia: (yoo-byah) rainloción: (loh-syohn) lotionloco: (loh-koh) crazylosa: (loh-sah) slab/flagstoneluego: (lweh-goh) laterlugar: (loo-gahr) placelunes: (loo-nehs) Mondayluz: (loos) lightMmaceta: (mah-seh-tah) flowerpotmadera: (mah-deh-rah) woodmadre: (mah-dreh) mothermadrina: (mah-dree-nah) godmothermaestro/maestra: (mah-ehs-troh/mah-ehs-trah) teachermaíz: (mah-ees) cornmal: (mahl) badlymalcriado: (mahl-kryah-doh) spoiled (person)manga: (mahn-gah) sleeve256 Appendix Cmanguera: (mahn-geh-rah) hose (garden)maní: (mah-nee) peanutmano: (mah-noh) handmanojo: (mah-noh-hoh) bunchmantel: (mahn-tehl) tableclothmantequilla: (mahn-teh-kee-yah) buttermanzana: (mahn-sah-nah) applemañana: (mah-nyah-nah) morning/tomorrowmáquina: (mah-kee-nah) machinemarca: (mahr-kah) brandmariscos: (mah-rees-kohs) shellfishmármol: (mahr-mohl) marblemarrón: (mah-rrohn) brownmartes: (mahr-tehs) Tuesdaymartillo: (mahr-tee-yoh) hammermás: (mahs) moremás tarde: (mahs tahr-deh) latermasticar: (mahs-tee-kahr) chew (to)material: (mah-teh-ryahl) materialmediano: (meh-dyah-noh) mediummedianoche: (meh-dyah-noh-cheh) midnightmédico/médica: (meh-dee-koh/meh-dee-kah) doctormedidas: (meh-dee-dahs) measurementsmedio: (meh-dyoh) middle/halfmediodía: (meh-dyoh-dee-ah) noonmedir (i): (meh-deer) measure (to)mejilla: (meh-hee-yah) cheekmelocotón: (meh-loh-koh-tohn) peachmensaje: (mehn-sah-heh) messagemercado: (mehr-kah-doh) marketmerienda: (meh-ryehn-dah) snackmes: (mehs) monthmesa: (meh-sah) tablemesita de centro: (meh-see-tah deh sehn-troh) coffee tablemeter: (meh-tehr) put in (to)/insert (to)metro: (meh-troh) meter (measurement)/subwaymezclilla: (mehs-klee-yah) denimDictionary 257mezquita: (mehs-kee-tah) mosquemi: (mee) mymientras: (myehn-trahs) whilemiércoles: (myehr-koh-lehs) Wednesdaymirar: (mee-rahr) watch (to)mitad: (mee-tahd) halfmochila: (moh-chee-lah) backpackmojado: (moh-hah-doh) wetmoneda: (moh-neh-dah) coinmosca: (mohs-kah) flymostaza: (mohs-tah-sah) mustardmostrador: (mohs-trah-dohr) counter (store)mostrar (ue): (mohs-trahr) show (to)motocicleta (moto): (moh-toh-see-kleh-tah [moh-toh]) motorcyclemotor: (moh-tohr) enginemover (ue): (moh-behr) move (to)mudarse: (moo-dahr-seh) move (residence) (to)muebles: (mweh-blehs) furnituremuerto: (mwehr-toh) deadmujer: (moo-hehr) woman/wifemuñeca: (moo-nyeh-kah) wrist/dollmuseo: (moo-seh-oh) museummúsica: (moo-see-kah) musicmuslo: (moos-loh) thighmuy: (moo-ee) veryNnacimiento: (nah-see-myehn-toh) birthnada: (nah-dah) nothingnadie: (nah-dyeh) nobody/no onenaranja: (nah-rahn-hah) orange (fruit)nariz: (nah-rees) nosenecesitar: (neh-seh-see-tahr) need (to)negro: (neh-groh) blacknervioso: (nehr-byoh-soh) nervousnevera: (neh-beh-rah) refrigeratornieta: (nyeh-tah) granddaughter258 Appendix Cnieto: (nyeh-toh) grandsonnieve: (nyeh-beh) snownilón: (nee-lohn) nylonniñera: (nee-nyeh-rah) nannynoche: (noh-cheh) evening/nightnombre: (nohm-breh) namenorte: (nohr-teh) northnosotros/nosotras: (noh-soh-trohs/noh-soh-trahs) wenovia: (noh-byah) girlfriend/fiancéenovio: (noh-byoh) boyfriend/fiancénuera: (nweh-rah) daughter-in-lawnuestro/nuestra: (nwehs-troh/nwehs-trah) ournueve: (nweh-beh) ninenuevo: (nweh-boh) newnunca: (noon-kah) neverOobediente: (oh-beh-dyehn-teh) obedientobrero/obrera: (oh-breh-roh/oh-breh-rah) laborerocho: (oh-choh) eightocupado: (oh-koo-pah-doh) busy/occupiedoeste: (oh-ehs-teh) westoficina: (oh-fee-see-nah) officeoficina de correos: (oh-fee-see-nah deh koh-rreh-ohs) post officeofrecer (irr.): (oh-freh-sehr) offer (to)oído: (oh-ee-doh) inner earoír (irr.): (oh-eer) hear (to)ojo: (oh-hoh) eyeolla: (oh-yah) pot/panonza: (ohn-sah) ounceorden: (ohr-dehn) orderoreja: (oh-reh-hah) earorganizado: (ohr-gah-nee-sah-doh) organizedoro: (oh-roh) goldoscuro: (ohs-koo-roh) darkoso: (oh-soh) bearotoño: (oh-toh-nyoh) autumnDictionary 259otra vez: (oh-trah behs) againotro: (oh-troh) anotherPpaciente: (pah-syehn-teh) patientpadre: (pah-dreh) fatherpadrino: (pah-dree-noh) godfatherpagar: (pah-gahr) pay (to)pago: (pah-goh) paymentpaís: (pah-ees) countrypájaro: (pah-hah-roh) birdpala: (pah-lah) shovelpalanca de cambio: (pah-lahn-kah deh kahm-byoh) gearshiftpan: (pahn) breadpanadería: (pah-nah-deh-ree-ah) bakerypanecillo: (pah-neh-see-yoh) roll (bread)pantalones: (pahn-tah-loh-nehs) pantspañal: (pah-nyahl) diaperpañuelo: (pah-nyweh-loh) handkerchiefpapá: (pah-pah) dad/daddypapa: (pah-pah) potatopapel: (pah-pehl) paperpapel higiénico: (pah-pehl ee-hyeh-nee-koh) toilet paperpaquete: (pah-keh-teh) packagepar: (pahr) pairparabrisas: (pah-rah-bree-sahs) windshieldparachoques: (pah-rah-choh-kehs) bumperparada: (pah-rah-dah) stop (bus, taxi, etc.)paraguas: (pah-rah-gwahs) umbrellaparar: (pah-rahr) stop (to)pared: (pah-rehd) wallpariente/parienta: (pah-ryehn-teh/pah-ryehn-tah) relativeparque: (pahr-keh) parkparrilla: (pah-rree-yah) grillparte: (pahr-teh) partpasa: (pah-sah) raisinpaseo: (pah-seh-oh) boulevard260 Appendix Cpasillo: (pah-see-yoh) hallwaypasta: (pahs-tah) pastapastilla: (pahs-tee-yah) tablet (lozenge)pata: (pah-tah) (animal) pawpatata: (pah-tah-tah) potatopatio: (pah-tyoh) backyard/patio/yardpeatón: (peh-ah-tohn) pedestrianpecho: (peh-choh) chest (body)pedazo: (peh-dah-soh) piecepedido: (peh-dee-doh) orderpedir (i): (peh-deer) ask for (to)/request (to)pedir prestado: (peh-deer prehs-tah-doh) borrow (to)peine: (peh-ee-neh) combpelar: (peh-lahr) peel (to)película: (peh-lee-koo-lah) movie/filmpeligroso: (peh-lee-groh-soh) dangerouspelo: (peh-loh) hairpelota: (peh-loh-tah) ballpeluquería: (peh-loo-keh-ree-ah) beauty salonpeluquero/peluquera: (peh-loo-keh-roh/peh-loo-keh-rah) hairdresserpendiente: (pehn-dyehn-teh) earringpepino: (peh-pee-noh) cucumberpequeño: (peh-keh-nyoh) smallpera: (peh-rah) pearpercha: (pehr-chah) hanger (clothes)perder (ie): (pehr-dehr) lose (to)perdido: (pehr-dee-doh) lostperiódico: (peh-ryoh-dee-koh) newspaperpermiso de conducir: (pehr-mee-soh deh kohn-doo-seer) driver’slicensepermitir: (pehr-mee-teer) allow (to)perro: (peh-rroh) dogpersona: (pehr-soh-nah) personpersonalidad: (pehr-soh-nah-lee-dahd) personalitypesa: (peh-sah) scalepesado: (peh-sah-doh) heavypescado: (pehs-kah-doh) fish (at a meal)Dictionary 261peso: (peh-soh) weightpestillo: (pehs-tee-yoh) deadbolt (lock)pez: (pehs) fish (live)picante: (pee-kahn-teh) spicypie: (pyeh) footpiedra: (pyeh-drah) stonepiel: (pyehl) skin/furpierna: (pyehr-nah) legpila: (pee-lah) batterypíldora: (peel-doh-rah) pillpimienta: (pee-myehn-tah) pepperpinta: (peen-tah) pintpintor/pintora: (peen-tohr/peen-toh-rah) painterpiscina: (pee-see-nah) swimming poolpiso: (pee-soh) floorpiyama: (pee-yah-mah) pajamasplancha: (plahn-chah) iron (clothes)planchar: (plahn-chahr) iron (to)plano: (plah-noh) planplanta: (plahn-tah) plantplástico: (plahs-tee-koh) plasticplata: (plah-tah) silverplátano: (plah-tah-noh) bananaplato: (plah-toh) plateplaya: (plah-yah) beachplaza: (plah-sah) squareplomería: (ploh-meh-ree-ah) plumbingplomero/plomera: (ploh-meh-roh/ploh-meh-rah) plumberpluma: (ploo-mah) feather/penpoder (ue): (poh-dehr) be able to (to)podrido: (poh-dree-doh) rotten/spoiled (food)policía: (poh-lee-see-ah) policepoliéster: (poh-lyehs-tehr) polyesterpollo: (poh-yoh) chickenpolvo: (pohl-boh) dust/powderponer (irr.): (poh-nehr) put (to)/place (to)ponerse: (poh-nehr-seh) put on (to)262 Appendix Cpor favor: (pohr fah-bohr) pleasepor fin: (pohr feen) finallypor lo menos: (por loh meh-nohs) at leastpor qué: (pohr keh) whyporque: (pohr-keh) becauseportal: (pohr-tahl) porchportarse bien: (pohr-tahr-seh byehn) behave (to)portarse mal: (pohr-tahr-seh mahl) misbehave (to)portero: (pohr-teh-roh) doormanpostre: (pohs-treh) dessertprecio: (preh-syoh) pricepregunta: (preh-goon-tah) questionpreparar: (preh-pah-rahr) prepare (to)presupuesto: (preh-soo-pwehs-toh) estimateprimavera: (pree-mah-beh-rah) spring (season)primer/primero: (pree-mehr/pree-meh-roh) firstprimo/prima: (pree-moh/pree-mah) cousinprobar (ue): (proh-bahr) taste (to)/try (to)propina: (proh-pee-nah) tippróximo: (prohk-see-moh) nextpueblo: (pweh-bloh) townpuente: (pwehn-teh) bridgepuerta: (pwehr-tah) doorpuerta del garaje: (pwehr-tah dehl gah-rah-heh) garage doorpulgada: (pool-gah-dah) inchpuño: (poo-nyoh) cuff (of shirt)Qqué: (keh) whatquehaceres: (keh-ah-seh-rehs) choresquemado: (keh-mah-doh) burnedquemadura: (keh-mah-doo-rah) burnqueso: (keh-soh) cheesequién: (kyehn) whoquieto: (kyeh-toh) calm/still/motionlessquitar: (kee-tahr) remove (to)Dictionary 263Rracimo: (rrah-see-moh) bunchradio: (rrah-dyoh) radioraíz: (rrah-ees) rootrama: (rrah-mah) branchrápidamente: (rrah-pee-dah-mehn-teh) quicklyrápido: (rrah-pee-doh) fastraro: (rrah-roh) strangerascar: (rrahs-kahr) scratch (to)raspador: (rrahs-pah-dohr) scraperrastrillo: (rrahs-tree-yoh) rake (tool)rayón: (rrah-yohn) rayonrebanada: (rreh-bah-nah-dah) slicereceta: (rreh-seh-tah) recipe/prescriptionrecipiente: (rreh-see-pyehn-teh) containerrecoger (irr.): (rreh-koh-hehr) pick up (to)recomendar (ie): (rreh-koh-mehn-dahr) recommend (to)refresco: (rreh-frehs-koh) soda/soft drinkrefrigerador: (rreh-free-heh-rah-dohr) refrigeratorregla: (rreh-glah) ruleregresar: (rreh-greh-sahr) return (to)religión: (rreh-lee-hyohn) religionreloj: (rreh-loh) clock/watchremedio: (rreh-meh-dyoh) remedy/cureremendar (ie): (rreh-mehn-dahr) repair (to)remover (ue): (rreh-moh-behr) remove (to)reparar: (rreh-pah-rahr) repair (to)repartir: (rreh-pahr-teer) deliver (to)resfriado: (rrehs-fryah-doh) cold (illness)respirar: (rrehs-pee-rahr) breathe (to)restaurante: (rrehs-tah-oo-rahn-teh) restaurantretrete: (rreh-treh-teh) toiletrevisar: (rreh-bee-sahr) check (to)revista: (rreh-bees-tah) magazinerevolver (ue): (rreh-bohl-behr) stir (to)rico: (rree-koh) delicious/richrincón: (rreen-kohn) corner (inside)264 Appendix Croca: (rroh-kah) rockrodilla: (rroh-dee-yah) kneerojo: (rroh-hoh) redromper: (rrohm-pehr) break (to)ropa: (rroh-pah) clothesrosa: (rroh-sah) roserosado: (rroh-sah-doh) pinkroto: (rroh-toh) brokenrubio: (rroo-byoh) blondrueda: (rrweh-dah) wheelruido: (rrwee-doh) noiseSsábado: (sah-bah-doh) Saturdaysábana: (sah-bah-nah) sheetsaber (irr.): (sah-behr) know (information or facts) (to)saborear: (sah-boh-reh-ahr) taste (to)/savor (to)sacacorchos: (sah-kah-kohr-chohs) corkscrewsaco: (sah-koh) jacketsacudir el polvo: (sah-koo-deer ehl pohl-boh) dust (to)sal: (sahl) saltsala: (sah-lah) living roomsalchicha: (sahl-chee-chah) sausagesalida: (sah-lee-dah) exitsalir (irr.): (sah-leer) leave (to)/go out (to)salsa: (sahl-sah) sauce/dressingsalud: (sah-lood) healthsaludable: (sah-loo-dah-bleh) healthy/healthfulsaludar: (sah-loo-dahr) greet (to)sandía: (sahn-dee-ah) watermelonsangrando: (sahn-grahn-doh) bleedingsangre: (sahn-greh) bloodsano: (sah-noh) healthysartén: (sahr-tehn) skillet/frying pansecadora: (seh-kah-doh-rah) dryersecar: (seh-kahr) dry (to)seco: (seh-koh) dryDictionary 265seda: (seh-dah) silkseguro: (seh-goo-roh) insurance/safe (secure)seis: (seh-ees) sixsemáforo: (seh-mah-foh-roh) traffic lightsemana: (seh-mah-nah) weekseñal: (seh-nyahl) signseñor: (seh-nyohr) Mr./mister/sirseñora: (seh-nyoh-rah) Mrs./madamseñorita: (seh-nyoh-ree-tah) missser (irr.): (sehr) be (to)serpiente: (sehr-pyehn-teh) serpentservilleta: (sehr-bee-yeh-tah) napkinseta: (seh-tah) mushroomsiempre: (syehm-preh) alwayssiesta: (syehs-tah) napsiete: (syeh-teh) sevensilencioso: (see-lehn-syoh-soh) quietsilla: (see-yah) chairsilla de ruedas: (see-yah deh rrweh-dahs) wheelchairsillita de seguridad para niños: (see-yee-tah deh seh-goo-ree-dahdpah-rah nee-nyohs) baby seat/car seatsimpático: (seem-pah-tee-koh) nicesin: (seen) withoutsin grasa: (seen grah-sah) fat-freesíntoma: (seen-toh-mah) symptomsobras: (soh-brahs) leftoverssobre: (soh-breh) envelopesobretodo: (soh-breh-toh-doh) coat/overcoatsobrino/sobrina: (soh-bree-noh/soh-bree-nah) nephew/niecesofá: (soh-fah) sofasolamente: (soh-lah-mehn-teh) onlysolicitud: (soh-lee-see-tood) applicationsólo: (soh-loh) onlysoltero: (sohl-teh-roh) single (not married)sombra: (sohm-brah) shadesombrero: (sohm-breh-roh) hatsopero: (soh-peh-roh) bowl266 Appendix Csótano: (soh-tah-noh) basementsu: (soo) her/his/their/your (formal)subir a: (soo-beer ah) get on (to)sucio: (soo-syoh) dirtysudadera: (soo-dah-deh-rah) sweatshirtsuegra: (sweh-grah) mother-in-lawsuegro: (sweh-groh) father-in-lawsuéter: (sweh-tehr) sweatersuperficie: (soo-pehr-fee-syeh) surfacesupermercado: (soo-pehr-mehr-kah-doh) supermarketsupervisor/supervisora: (soo-pehr-bee-sohr/soo-pehr-bee-soh-rah)supervisorsur: (soor) southTtabla para cortar: (tah-blah pah-rah kohr-tahr) cutting boardtablilla: (tah-blee-yah) shingle (roof )tacón: (tah-kohn) heel (shoe)tajada: (tah-hah-dah) slicetaladro: (tah-lah-droh) drilltalco: (tahl-koh) talcum powdertalla: (tah-yah) sizetaller de reparaciones: (tah-yehr deh rreh-pah-rah-syoh-nehs) servicestationtamaño: (tah-mah-nyoh) sizetambién: (tahm-byehn) alsotampoco: (tahm-poh-koh) neither/not . . . eithertanque: (tahn-keh) tanktapa: (tah-pah) lid (of pot)tarde: (tahr-deh) afternoon/latetarea: (tah-reh-ah) homeworktarjeta de cobro automático: (tahr-heh-tah deh koh-broh ah-oo-toh-mah-tee-koh) debit cardtarjeta de crédito: (tahr-heh-tah deh kreh-dee-toh) credit cardtaxi: (tahk-see) cabtaza: (tah-sah) cuptazón: (tah-sohn) bowlDictionary 267té: (teh) teatecho: (teh-choh) ceiling/rooftela: (teh-lah) material (cloth)teléfono: (teh-leh-foh-noh) telephoneteléfono celular: (teh-leh-foh-noh seh-loo-lahr) cell phonetelevisor: (teh-leh-bee-sohr) television settemprano: (tehm-prah-noh) earlytenedor: (teh-neh-dohr) forktener (irr.): (teh-nehr) have (to)tener hambre: (teh-nehr ahm-breh) be (feel) hungry (to)tener miedo: (teh-nehr myeh-doh) be (feel) afraid (to)tener razón: (teh-nehr rrah-sohn) be right (to)tener sed: (teh-nehr sehd) be (feel) thirsty (to)tener suerte: (teh-nehr swehr-teh) be lucky (to)terminar: (tehr-mee-nahr) finish (to)termómetro: (tehr-moh-meh-troh) thermometertermostato: (tehr-mohs-tah-toh) thermostattía: (tee-ah) aunttibio: (tee-byoh) warm/lukewarmtiempo: (tyehm-poh) weathertienda de comestibles: (tyehn-dah deh koh-mehs-tee-blehs) food storetierra: (tyeh-rrah) soiltiesto: (tyehs-toh) flowerpottijeras: (tee-heh-rahs) scissorstimbre: (teem-breh) doorbelltinta: (teen-tah) inktintorería: (teen-toh-reh-ree-ah) dry cleanerstío: (tee-oh) uncletirador: (tee-rah-dohr) doorknobtirar: (tee-rahr) throw away (to)toalla: (toh-ah-yah) toweltoalla de papel: (toh-ah-yah deh pah-pehl) paper toweltobillo: (toh-bee-yoh) ankletocar: (toh-kahr) touch (to)tocino: (toh-see-noh) bacontodavía no: (toh-dah-bee-ah noh) not yettomar: (toh-mahr) take (drink) (to)268 Appendix Ctomate: (toh-mah-teh) tomatotono de marcar: (toh-noh deh mahr-kahr) dial tonetonto: (tohn-toh) dumbtornillo: (tohr-nee-yoh) screwtoronja: (toh-rohn-hah) grapefruittos: (tohs) coughtostadora: (tohs-tah-doh-rah) toastertrabajador/trabajadora: (trah-bah-hah-dohr/trah-bah-hah-doh-rah)hard-workingtrabajar: (trah-bah-hahr) work (to)trabajo: (trah-bah-hoh) jobtraer (irr.): (trah-ehr) bring (to) traje: (trah-heh) suittraje de baño: (trah-heh deh bah-nyoh) bathing suittranquilo: (trahn-kee-loh) calmtrapeador: (trah-peh-ah-dohr) moptrapo: (trah-poh) ragtren: (trehn) traintres: (trehs) threetriste: (trees-teh) sadtrompo: (trohm-poh) top (toy)tú: (too) you ( familiar)tu: (too) your ( familiar)tubo: (too-boh) pipetuerca: (twehr-kah) nut (metal)Uúltimo: (ool-tee-moh) lastun/una: (oon/oo-nah) oneuniforme: (oo-nee-fohr-meh) uniform (clothing)unión: (oo-nyohn) joint (pipe)universidad: (oo-nee-behr-see-dahd) college/universityuña: (oo-nyah) nail (finger)usar: (oo-sahr) use (to)usted: (oos-tehd) you (formal) (sing.)ustedes: (oos-teh-dehs) you (formal) (pl.)utensilio: (oo-tehn-see-lyoh) utensilDictionary 269Vvaca: (bah-kah) cowvaciar: (bah-syahr) empty (to)vacío: (bah-see-oh) emptyvainilla: (bah-ee-nee-yah) vanillavajilla de plata: (bah-hee-yah deh plah-tah) silverwarevaliente: (bah-lyehn-teh) braveválvula: (bahl-boo-lah) valvevaqueros: (bah-keh-rohs) jeans/blue jeansvaso: (bah-soh) glass (drinking)vegetal: (beh-heh-tahl) vegetablevegetariano: (beh-heh-tah-ryah-noh) vegetarianvela: (beh-lah) candlevendar: (behn-dahr) bandage (to)vendedor/vendedora: (behn-deh-dohr/behn-deh-doh-rah) salespersonvender: (behn-dehr) sell (to)venir (irr.): (beh-neer) come (to)ventana: (behn-tah-nah) windowventilador: (behn-tee-lah-dohr) fan (appliance)ver (irr.): (behr) see (to)verano: (beh-rah-noh) summerverdad: (behr-dahd) truthverde: (behr-deh) greenverja: (behr-hah) gate (garden)vestido: (behs-tee-doh) dressvestirse (i): (behs-teer-seh) dress (to)viaje: (byah-heh) trip/voyagevídeo: (bee-deh-oh) videovideocasetera: (bee-deh-oh-kah-seh-teh-rah) VCRvidrio: (bee-dryoh) glass (material)viejo: (byeh-hoh) oldviento: (byehn-toh) windviernes: (byehr-nehs) Fridayvinagre: (bee-nah-greh)vinegarvino: (bee-noh) winevisa: (bee-sah) visavitamina: (bee-tah-mee-nah) vitamin270 Appendix Cvitrina: (bee-tree-nah) cabinetvivir: (bee-beer) live (to)vivo: (bee-boh) alivevolante: (boh-lahn-teh) steering wheelvolver (ue): (bohl-behr) return (to)Yy: (ee) andyarda: (yahr-dah) yard (measure)yema: (yeh-mah) egg yolkyerno: (yehr-noh) son-in-lawyeso: (yeh-soh) plasteryo: (yoh) IZzanahoria: (sah-nah-oh-ryah) carrotzapato: (sah-pah-toh) shoezapatos de tenis: (sah-pah-tohs deh teh-nees) sneakersDictionary 271This page intentionally left blank.Index273Accessories, clothing, 113–14Accidents, terms for, 128–29Alcoholic drinks, 55–56Animalscaring for, 70–72parts of body of, 69–70types of farm, 72types of pet, 69Apartment buildings, 43–44. Seealso HomesApplications. See Job applicationsArt, discussing, 149Automobiles. See CarsBanks, terms for, 88–89Barbershops, terms for, 90–92Bathrooms, 33–34Beauty salons, terms for, 90–92Bedrooms, 32–33children’s, 133–34Behavior, rules of, for children,136–40Breakfast terms, 48–49Cardinal numbers, 155–57Cars, 93–96gas station terms for, 96–97maintenance terms for, 98–99Celebrations, family, 145–46Childrenbedrooms of, 133–34daily routines for, 136–37dangers around homes for,140–41likes and dislikes of, 135–36medications for, 127–28rules of behavior for, 136–40talking about school with,141–42toys and playthings for, 134–35Chores, in homes, 37–39Cities. See NeighborhoodsClothingaccessories for, 113–14articles of, 111–12colors of, 116–17describing, 116jewelry for, 118–19materials of, 118for men, 113mending, 42–43parts of garments, 114–15patterns of, 117shoes, 114shopping for, 115–18sizes of, 115for women, 112Colors, 116–1704 (273-284) index 2/18/05 9:46 Page 273Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. Construction materials, 81–82Containers, in kitchens, 46–47Contracts, for home maintenance,76–77Cooking terms, 60–62. See alsoMealsCosmetics, 109Dates, expressing, 159–60Days, of week, 159Dentists’ offices, terms for,131–32. See also Health, termsforDescriptionsfor clothes, 116for nationalities, 26–28for a person’s emotions andfeelings, 25–26for a person’s features, 23for a person’s personality andintelligence, 24–25for a person’s religion, 26Dining rooms, 59Directions, for getting around,86–88Disasters, natural, terms for, 154Dislikes and likesof children, 135–36interview questions for, 10Doctors’ offices, terms for,121–23. See also Health, termsforDrinksalcoholic, 55–56nonalcoholic, 54–55Drug stores, shopping at, 107–10Dry cleaners, 42Electrical devices, 31Electricians, for homemaintenance, 77–78Emergenciesinterview questions for, 12–13terms for, 130–31Emotions, descriptions for, 25–26Employment application, sample,3–6. See also Interviews; JobapplicationsExercises, terms for, 149–51Experience, interview questionsfor, 9–10Eye care, terms for, 132Family celebrations/parties,145–46Family members, 21–22Farm animals, 72Feelings, descriptions for, 25–26Feminine nouns, 11Fish, 50–51. See also ShellfishFitness, terms for, 149–51Flowers, 63–64Food, expressing opinions about,60–62. See also MealsFowl, 50Fractions, 157–58Fruits, 51–52274 Index04 (273-284) index 2/18/05 9:46 Page 274Gardensflowers, 63–64plants, 63–64terms for taking care of, 65–68trees, 64–65Gas stations, 96–97Grains, 52–53Greetings, 15–19Grocery stores, shopping, 105–7Health, terms foraccidents, 128–29at dentists’ offices, 131–32at doctors’ offices, 121–23emergency, 130–31eye care, 132illnesses, 125–26medical equipment and devices,129medications for children,127–28parts of body, 123–24recommendations, 126–27symptoms, 124–25Holidays, national and religious,146–47Home maintenancecarpenters for, 79–80construction materials for,81–82contracts for, 76–77electricians for, 77–78explaining problems for, 74–76measurements for, 82plumbers for, 78–79tradespeople for, 73–74Home offices, 34–35Homes. See also Apartmentbuildings; Kitchensbathrooms in, 33–34bedrooms in, 32–33chores in, 37–39cleaning, 37–39dangerous materials in, 140–41dining rooms in, 59electrical devices in, 31laundry rooms in, 39–42living rooms in, 31–32offices in, 34–35parts of, 29–31Illnessesinterview questions for, 12–13terms for, 125–26Intelligence, descriptions for,24–25Interviewsemergency/illness questions for,12–13experience questions for, 9–10final questions for, 13–15legal questions for, 11personal information questionsfor, 2–8scheduling questions for, 8–9skills questions for, 12transportation questions for,11–12Index 27504 (273-284) index 2/18/05 9:46 Page 275Jewelry, 118–19Job applicationsemergency/illness questions for,12–13experience questions for, 9–10final questions for, 13–15legal questions for, 11personal information questionsfor, 2–8sample form for, 3–6scheduling questions for, 8–9skills questions for, 12transportation questions for,11–12Kitchens. See also Apartmentbuildings; Homes; Mealscontainers in, 46–47electrical appliances in, 45–46utensils in, 46–47Laundromats, 39–42Laundry rooms, 39–42Legal matters, interview questionsfor, 11Likes and dislikesof children, 135–36interview questions for, 10Living rooms, 31–32Maintenance. See Cars; HomemaintenanceMake-up, terms for, 109Masculine nouns, 11Materials, construction, 81–82Meals, 47–48. See also Kitchensbreakfast, 48–49drinks, 54–56expressing opinions aboutfoods, 60–62fish, 50–51fruits, 51–52grains, 52–53meats, 49–50poultry, 50shellfish, 50spices and ingredients for,53–54vegetables, 52–53Measurementsfor home maintenance, 82for recipes, 58Meats, 49–50Medical equipment and devices,terms for, 129Medical remedies, 107–8Medical terminology, 121–23Medications, to children, 127–28Men, clothing terms for, 113Museums, 148–49National holidays, 146–47Nationalities, descriptions for,26–28Natural disasters, terms for, 154Neighborhoodsdirections for getting around in,86–88276 Index04 (273-284) index 2/18/05 9:46 Page 276terms for getting around in,83–86traffic signs in, 86Nonalcoholic drinks, 54–55Nouns, masculine or feminine, 11Numbers, 155–59cardinal, 155–57fractions, 157–58ordinal, 158–59for time, 161Offices, home, 34–35Optometrists, terms for, 132Ordinal numbers, 158–59Painters, for home maintenance,78–79Parties, family, 145–46Patterns, of clothes, 117Personal descriptions, 23Personal information, questionsfor, 2–8Personality, descriptions for,24–25Petscaring for, 70–72parts of body of, 69–70types of, 69Pharmacies, shopping at, 107–10Physical descriptions, of people,23Physicians. See Dentists’ offices,terms for; Doctors’ offices,terms for; Optometrists,terms forPlants, 63–64Playthings, for children, 134–35Plumbers, for home maintenance,78Polite exchanges, 15–19Pools, swimming, taking care of,68–69Post offices, terms for, 89–90Poultry, 50Prescriptions, 107, 126–27Quantities, measuring, 58Question marks, use of, 2Recipesmeasurements for, 58terms used in, 56–57Relatives, 21–22Religions, descriptions for, 26Religious holidays, 146–47Remedies, medical, 107–8Repairs. See Cars; HomemaintenanceRules of behavior, for children,136–40Schedules, interview questionsfor, 8–9Schoolsubjects in, 142–43talking about, with children,141–42Seafood, 50–51Seasons, terms for, 153Service stations, 96–97Index 27704 (273-284) index 2/18/05 9:46 Page 277Shellfish, 50. See also FishShoes, 114Shoppingfor clothes, 115–18at grocery stores, 105–7at pharmacies,107–10transaction terms for, 101–3vocabulary terms for, 103–4Sizes, of clothes, 115Skills, interview questions for, 12Sleeping, terms for, 33Spices, 53–54Sports, terms for, 149–51Supermarkets, shopping at, 105–7Swimming pools, taking care of,68–69Symptoms, health, 124–25Telephones, words andexpressions when using,36–37Time, expressing, 160–63Toiletries, 108Towns. See NeighborhoodsToys, for children, 134–35Tradespeople, 73–74Traffic signs, 86Transportation, interviewquestions for, 11–12Trees, 64–65Utensils, kitchen, 46–47Vegetables, 52–53Vehiclescars, 93–99types of, 93Videos, renting, 147–48Weather, terms for, 152–54Well-being. See Health, terms forWomen, clothing terms for, 112278 Index04 (273-284) index 2/18/05 9:46 Page 278Terms of UseWant to learn more?ContentsIntroductionHow to Use This Book1 Job Application and Interview: Solicitud de empleo y entrevistaInterviewing Prospective Employees: Para entrevistar a un futuro empleadoInterview Questions: Preguntas para la entrevistaGreetings and Polite Exchanges: Saludos e intercambios de cortesía2 The Family: La familiaRelatives: Los parientesDescribing a Person Physically: Para describir a una persona físicamenteDescribing a Person's Personality and Intelligence: Para describir la personalidad y la inteligencia de una personaDescribing a Person's Emotions and Feelings: Para describir las emociones y los sentimientos de una personaDescribing a Person's Religion: Para describir la religión de una personaDescribing a Person's Nationality: Para describir la nacionalidad de una persona3 The House: La casaParts of the House: Las partes de la casaElectrical Devices: Los aparatos eléctricosIn the Living Room: En la salaIn the Bedroom: En el dormitorio/el cuarto de dormirIn the Bathroom: En el bañoIn the Home Office: En la oficina en casaChores and Cleaning the House: Los quehaceres y la limpieza de la casaIn the Laundry Room/Laundromat: En la lavanderíaAt the Dry Cleaners: En la tintoreríaMending Clothes: Para remendar la ropaIn an Apartment Building: En un edificio de apartamentos4 In the Kitchen: En la cocinaElectrical Appliances in the Kitchen: Los aparatos eléctricos en la cocinaContainers and Utensils: Los envases y los utensiliosMeals: Las comidasBreakfast: El desayunoMeats: Las carnesPoultry: Las aves de corralShellfish: Los mariscosFish: Los pescadosFruits: Las frutasVegetables: Los vegetalesGrains: Los granosSpices and Ingredients: Las especias y los ingredientesDrinks: Las bebidasRecipes: Las recetasIn the Dining Room: En el comedorTo Express Your Opinion About Food: Para expresar su opinión sobre la comida5 In the Garden and on the Patio: En el jardín y en el patioFlowers and Plants: Las flores y las plantasTrees: Los árbolesTaking Care of the Garden: El cuidado del jardínTaking Care of the Pool: El cuidado de la piscinaPets: Los animales domésticosParts of an Animal's Body: Las partes del cuerpo de un animalCaring for Pets: El cuidado de los animales domésticosFarm Animals: Los animales en la finca6 Fixing the House: Para reparar la casaTrades: Los oficiosExplaining Problems: Para explicar los problemasFinalizing the Contract: Para finalizar el contratoThe Electrician: El/la electricistaThe Plumber: El plomero/la plomeraThe Painter: El pintor/la pintoraThe Carpenter: El carpintero/la carpinteraConstruction Materials: Los materiales de construcciónMeasurements, Size, and Weight: Las medidas, el tamaño, y el peso7 Places Around Town: Los lugares en el puebloAround the Neighborhood: Por el barrioTraffic Signs: Las señales de tráficoGetting Around Town: Para ir de un lugar a otroAt the Bank: En el bancoAt the Post Office: En la oficina de correosIn the Barbershop/Beauty Salon: En la barbería/la peluquería8 At the Service/Gas Station: En el taller de reparaciones/la gasolineraTypes of Vehicles: Tipos de vehículosThe Car (Inside and Out): El coche/el carro (por dentro y por fuera)At the Gas Station: En la gasolineraThings to Do at the Service/Gas Station: Lo que se hace en el taller de reparaciones/la gasolineraCheck-Ups and Repairs of the Car: El mantenimiento y arreglo del coche9 Shopping: De comprasTransactions: Las transaccionesShopping Vocabulary: Vocabulario para hacer las comprasAt the Grocery Store: En la tienda de comestiblesAt the Pharmacy/Drugstore: En la farmacia10 Clothing: La ropaArticles of Clothing: Las prendas de vestirClothing Accessories: Los complementos para la ropaParts of Garments: Las partes de las prendas de vestirShopping for Clothes: Para comprar ropaJewelry: Las joyas11 Family Health and Well-Being: La salud y el bienestar de la familiaAt the Doctor's Office: En el consultorio del médicoParts of the Body: Las partes del cuerpoSymptoms: Los síntomasIllnesses: Las enfermedadesRecommendations: Las recomendacionesGiving Medication to Children: Para darles medicina a los niñosAccidents: Los accidentesMedical Equipment and Devices: Los aparatos médicosIn an Emergency: En una emergenciaAt the Dentist's Office: En el consultorio del dentistaEye Care: El cuidado de los ojos12 Taking Care of the Children: El cuidado de los niñosIn the Children's Bedroom: En el dormitorio de los niñosToys and Playthings: Los juguetes y otras cosas para jugarChildren's Likes and Dislikes: Lo que les gusta o no les gusta a los niñosRules of Behavior for Children: Las reglas de comportamiento para los niñosDaily Routine: La rutina diariaOther Obligations: Otras obligacionesDangers Around the House: Los peligros en la casaTalking About School: Para hablar sobre la escuela13 Social and Cultural Activities: Las actividades sociales y culturalesFamily Celebrations/Parties: Las celebraciones familiares/las fiestasNational and Religious Holidays: Las fiestas nacionales y religiosasRenting Videos: Para alquilar vídeosAt the Museum: En el museoSports and Exercise: Los deportes y el ejercicioTalking About the Weather: Para hablar del tiempo14 Numbers: Los númerosCardinal Numbers: Los números cardinalesFractions: Las fraccionesOrdinal Numbers: Los números ordinalesDays and Dates: Los días y las fechasTime: La horaAppendix A: The Sounds of SpanishPronouncing Spanish VowelsPronouncing Spanish DiphthongsPronouncing Spanish ConsonantsGeneral Guidelines for Speaking SpanishLinking Groups of Spanish WordsDivision of Words into SyllablesAppendix B: Grammar EssentialsNouns and ArticlesAdjectivesPossessive AdjectivesDemonstrative AdjectivesAdverbsSubject PronounsVerbsAsking QuestionsNegative SentencesAppendix C: DictionaryEnglish-SpanishSpanish-EnglishIndexIntroduction: How to Use This Book: 1 Job Application and Interview: Solicitud de empleo y entrevista: Interviewing Prospective Employees: Para entrevistar a un futuro empleado: Interview Questions: Preguntas para la entrevista: Greetings and Polite Exchanges: Saludos e intercambios de cortesía: 2 The Family: La familia: Relatives: Los parientes: Describing a Person Physically: Para describir a una persona físicamente: Describing a Person's Personality and Intelligence: Para describir la personalidad y la inteligencia de una persona: Describing a Person's Emotions and Feelings: Para describir las emociones y los sentimientos de una persona: Describing a Person's Religion: Para describir la religión de una persona: Describing a Person's Nationality: Para describir la nacionalidad de una persona: 3 The House: La casa: Parts of the House: Las partes de la casa: Electrical Devices: Los aparatos eléctricos: In the Living Room: En la sala: In the Bedroom: En el dormitorio/el cuarto de dormir: In the Bathroom: En el baño: In the Home Office: En la oficina en casa: Chores and Cleaning the House: Los quehaceres y lalimpieza de la casa: In the Laundry Room/Laundromat: En la lavandería: At the Dry Cleaners: En la tintorería: Mending Clothes: Para remendar la ropa: In an Apartment Building: En un edificio de apartamentos: 4 In the Kitchen: En la cocina: Electrical Appliances in the Kitchen: Los aparatos eléctricos en la cocina: Containers and Utensils: Los envases y los utensilios: Meals: Las comidas: Breakfast: El desayuno: Meats: Las carnes: Poultry: Las aves de corral: Shellfish: Los mariscos: Fish: Los pescados: Fruits: Las frutas: Vegetables: Los vegetales: Grains: Los granos: Spices and Ingredients: Las especias y los ingredientes: Drinks: Las bebidas: Recipes: Las recetas: In the Dining Room: En el comedor: To Express Your Opinion About Food: Para expresar su opinión sobre la comida: 5 In the Garden and on the Patio: En el jardín y en el patio: Flowers and Plants: Las flores y las plantas: Trees: Los árboles: Taking Care of the Garden: El cuidado del jardín: Taking Care of the Pool: El cuidado de la piscina: Pets: Los animales domésticos: Parts of an Animal's Body: Las partes del cuerpo de un animal: Caring for Pets: El cuidado de los animales domésticos: Farm Animals: Los animales en la finca: 6 Fixing the House: Para reparar la casa: Trades: Los oficios: Explaining Problems: Para explicar los problemas: Finalizing the Contract: Para finalizar el contrato: The Electrician: El/la electricista: The Plumber: El plomero/la plomera: The Painter: El pintor/la pintora: The Carpenter: El carpintero/la carpintera: Construction Materials: Los materiales de construcción: Measurements, Size, and Weight: Las medidas, el tamaño, y el peso: 7 Places Around Town: Los lugares en el pueblo: Around the Neighborhood: Por el barrio: Traffic Signs: Las señales de tráfico: Getting Around Town: Para ir de un lugar a otro: At the Bank: En el banco: At the Post Office: En la oficina de correos: In the Barbershop/Beauty Salon: En la barbería/la peluquería: 8 At the Service/Gas Station: En el taller de reparaciones/la gasolinera: Types of Vehicles: Tipos de vehículos: The Car (Inside and Out): El coche/el carro (por dentro y por fuera): At the Gas Station: En la gasolinera: Things to Do at the Service/Gas Station: Lo que se hace en el taller de reparaciones/la gasolinera: Check-Ups and Repairs of the Car: El mantenimiento y arreglo del coche: 9 Shopping: De compras: Transactions: Las transacciones: Shopping Vocabulary: Vocabulario para hacer las compras: At the Grocery Store: En la tienda de comestibles: At the Pharmacy/Drugstore: En la farmacia: 10 Clothing: La ropa: Articles of Clothing: Las prendas de vestir: Clothing Accessories: Los complementos para la ropa: Parts of Garments: Las partes de las prendas de vestir: Shopping for Clothes: Para comprar ropa: Jewelry: Las joyas: 11 Family Health and Well-Being: La salud y el bienestar de la familia: At the Doctor's Office: En el consultorio del médico: Parts of the Body: Las partes del cuerpo: Symptoms: Los síntomas: Illnesses: Las enfermedades: Recommendations: Las recomendaciones: Giving Medication to Children: Para darles medicina a los niños: Accidents: Los accidentes: Medical Equipment and Devices: Los aparatos médicos: In an Emergency: En una emergencia: At the DentistŁs Office: En el consultorio del dentista: Eye Care: El cuidado de los ojos: 12 Taking Care of the Children: El cuidado de los niños: In the ChildrenŁs Bedroom: En el dormitorio de los niños: Toys and Playthings: Los juguetes y otras cosas para jugar: ChildrenŁs Likes and Dislikes: Lo que les gusta o no les gusta a los niños: Rules of Behavior for Children: Las reglas de comportamiento para los niños: Daily Routine: La rutina diaria: Other Obligations: Otras obligaciones: Dangers Around the House: Los peligros en la casa: Talking About School: Para hablar sobre la escuela: Family Celebrations/Parties: Las celebraciones familiares/las fiestas: 13 Social and Cultural Activities: Las actividades sociales y culturales: National and Religious Holidays: Las fiestas nacionales y religiosas: Renting Videos: Para alquilar vídeos: At the Museum: En el museo: Sports and Exercise: Los deportes y el ejercicio: Talking About the Weather: Para hablar del tiempo: 14 Numbers: Los números: Cardinal Numbers: Los números cardinales: Fractions: Las fracciones: Ordinal Numbers: Los números ordinales: Days and Dates: Los días y las fechas: Time: La hora: Appendix A: The Sounds of Spanish: Pronouncing Spanish Vowels: Pronouncing Spanish Diphthongs: Pronouncing Spanish Consonants: General Guidelines for Speaking Spanish: Linking Groups of Spanish Words: Division of Words into Syllables: Appendix B: Grammar Essentials: Nouns and Articles: Adjectives: Possessive Adjectives: Demonstrative Adjectives: Adverbs: Subject Pronouns: Verbs: Asking Questions: Negative Sentences: English-Spanish: Appendix C: Dictionary: Spanish-English: Index: Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc: Click here for terms of use: